1912. 
\T IT tC RURAL, NEW-YOKKBK 
CULTURE OF GARLIC. 
L. 8., Colchester, Conn .—Will you give 
rue information on how to plant garlic? 
Does it require special garlic seed, or are 
the teeth of garlic sown instead of seed; 
also if manure is necessary? 
Ans. —Garlic is a perennial bulbous 
plant closely allied to the onion; it is 
propagated by means of the little sep¬ 
arate bulbels, called cloves. Put these 
sets or cloves in drills four to six inches 
apart, in the Spring, in ordinary gar¬ 
den soil, and treat like onions. The 
bulbs mature in Summer and early Fall. 
If the soil is very rich it may be neces¬ 
sary to break over the tops to prevent 
too much top growth and to make the 
bulbs better, as is sometimes done with 
onions, this being done when the tops 
have reached normal full growth. 
SUNSCALD IN TREES. 
“News Notes” of the Colorado Experi¬ 
ment Station, gives the following about this 
orchard trouble: 
“Sunscald Is caused by rapid and extreme 
changes in temperature, it is always found 
on the south side of the tree where the 
sun’s rays strike the tree on bright days 
and start active life in the portion of the 
bark subjected to the beat of the sun. 
When the temperature drops again the pro¬ 
toplasm is killed aud the soluble compounds 
formed by the renewal of activities then 
decompose. Sunscald occurs both in Sum¬ 
mer and Winter, but the damage is greater 
in Winter because of the more extreme tem¬ 
peratures and the fact that the trunk is 
less protected after the leaves fall. 
“To prevent sunscald It is necessary only 
to protect the bark of the trunk from the 
sun. This may be done by standing up a 
board on the south side of the tree or 
wrapping the trunk with burlap, cornstalks, 
straw, or other materials, or whitewashing 
the trunk, causing it to reflect the sun’s 
rays instead of absorbing them. Wire 
screen is also effectual. It breaks the force 
of the sun’s rays, but allows enough air and 
heat to reach the bark to prevent its be¬ 
coming tender and more sensitive. Lean¬ 
ing the tree slightly to the south or south¬ 
west when planting Is a good idea, since 
it lessens the directness with which the 
sun shines on the trunk and also places the 
tree in a position to receive more protection 
from the branches on the south side. Prob¬ 
ably one of the most practical is the wood 
veneer protector which can be bought for 
about $1 per 100. These serve both to 
shade the tree and to protect from rabbits 
and mice, and may be left on the year 
round until the trees are large enough to 
be practically out of danger from sunscald.” 
APPLES FOR INDIANA. 
The Indiana Station gives the following 
list of fruits suitable for that State. The 
varieties which are recommended for wide 
commercial planting are designated by an 
asterisk (*). 
Apples, Northern Indiana, early: Red 
June, Early Harvest, Red Astrachan, Yel¬ 
low Transparent*, Sweet Bough and Be- 
nonl. Mid-season: Oldenburg (Duchess 
of)*, Wealthy*, Gravenstein, .Tefferis, Maiden 
Illush*, McIntosh. Late : Jonathan*, Grimes*, 
Fameuse*. Ilubbardston*. Wagoner*, Belle- 
flower, Esopus, Stayman*, Northern Spy*, 
Baldwin*, R. I, Greening, Rome Beauty*. 
Southern Indiana, early: Early Harvest, 
Yellow Transparent*, Astrachan, Sweet 
Bough, Benoni*. Mid-season : Oldenburg 
(Duchess of)*, Wealthy*, Jefferls. Fall Pip¬ 
pin. Late: Jonathan*. Grimes*, Stayman*, 
Home*, Akin*, Winesap*. York Imperial*. 
Pears—Early : Tyson, Clapp’s Favorite, 
Rartlett. Mid-season: Anjou, Bose, I.e- 
Conte, Vermont Beauty, Seckel. Late: 
Kieffer*, Lawrence, Winter Nells, Dana 
Ilovey. Commercial pear growing in In¬ 
diana is in its infancy. The blight (Bacil¬ 
lus amylovorus) has proved serious in many 
of the smaller orchards In various parts of 
the State and its prevalence has doubtless 
been a leading factor in restricting the 
number of commercial pear orchards. The 
Kieffer while of inferior quality is resistant 
(though by no means immune) to blight 
and is at present the leading commercial 
sort. 
Peaches—Early: Greensboro (free, white) 
Admiral Dewey (semi-cling, yellow), Moun¬ 
tain Rose (free, white). Mid-season: Car¬ 
man (free)*, Champion (free, white), Belle 
of Georgia (free, white)*, Elberta (free, 
yellow)*, Engle (free), Oldmixon Free 
(free, white), Fitzgerald (free, yellow). 
Late: Late Crawford (free, white), Smock 
(free, yellow)*, Sahvay (free, yellow). 
Plums—Early: Abundance (Japanese), 
Burbank (Japanese)*. Mid-season; Lom- 
bard (European)*, Reine Claude (Euro¬ 
pean)*, Monarch (European), Climax (Hy¬ 
brid Japanese), Golden Drop (European), 
De Soto (American). Late: Arch Duke 
(European)*, Shropshire (damson, Euro¬ 
pean)*, French (damson, European)*. 
Cherries—Early : Early Richmond*. Mid¬ 
season : Montmorency*. Late: English 
Morello. The above are all sour cherries; 
the sweet sorts are evidently not well 
adapted to our soil for though the trees 
grow luxuriantly, they generally fail to set 
crops of fruits. 
Grapes—Early: Brighton (red)*, Moore’s 
Early (dark blue), Worden (dark blue)*, 
Green Mountain (white). Mid-season: Del¬ 
aware (red). Concord (dark blue)*, Aga¬ 
wam (red), Niagara (white)*, Pocklington 
(white). Late: Catawba (red)*. 
Building a Smoke House. —Will you 
publish an up-to-date plan, elevation, etc., 
of a modern, medium size farmer's smoke¬ 
house, not alone for our benefit, but for 
other farmers? We are going to build one, 
but desire a plan of one which will be the 
most practicable and serviceable, b. b. 
Hoboken, Pa. 
It. N.-Y.—Will some of our readers who 
have suitable smoke-houses tell how they 
are built? 
Cow Peas Kill Wire-grass. —Witch 
grass or quack might yield to the same 
treatment which cleared my Virginia fields 
in a single season without labor or cost— 
at a profit besides—of wire-grass or Ber¬ 
muda grass, which in habits and growth is 
very similar to quack. I merely seeded the 
fields to cow peas broadcast with 500 
pounds of acid phosphate per acre. The 
beans grew waist high and so thick that 
a pin could hardly have reached the ground. 
Not one living bit of wire-grass was found 
afterwards. However, if your soil is not 
inoculated with cow-pea bacteria you may 
not have much success first trial. n. 
Scratch Feed Peas. —In most of the best 
scratch feeds now put up for poultry feeds 
cracked peas are used. These peas are a 
rich “grass green,” and I believe are rich 
in protein and make a good poultry feed. 
But tlie price is prohibitive to use many 
of them. I have tried to find out what 
kind of a pea this is, thinking that I might 
raise some. There are other peas also 
used, and especially in pigeon feeds, but 
they are a different color, 1. e., yellow and 
brown, some black. The pea I have ref¬ 
erence to is as green as a fresh pea picked 
from your own garden. Can anyone give its 
name, or where one could purchase the 
whole pea for planting? a. v. 
New Jersey. 
R. N.-Y.—We have tried to find how this 
pea is grown and cured but dealers and 
growers are quite silent. Can or will any¬ 
one tell? 
Cutting Timber By Wire.—A German 
patent has been issued for a new machine 
for cutting down trees. Instead of a saw 
a steel wire is put around the tree and 
pulled rapidly back and forth. This rapid 
pulling develops such a friction that a 
smooth groove is burned through the stem 
of the tree. This patent has been used in 
Germany, Great Britain and Australia and 
applied for in the United States. The 1m 
ventor, to illustrate his machine, takes an 
ordinary steel wire about a yard in length 
with a hand grip at each side. This is 
put around a chain or a table and pulled 
rapidly back and forth, burning a groove 
through the wood. In actual work a smooth 
steel wire about twice the diameter of 
the tree is placed around the stem and 
fastened at each end to the two ends of 
a steel cable leading to a portable electric 
power. 
“Each of the two ends of the power 
cable or hawser pass, at the machine end. 
through eyes in each end of a double¬ 
armed lever, from where they are brought 
together and passed through the hollow 
shaft in the center of the lever, after 
which they arc wound up together upon a 
pulley or windlass with a crank. In this 
way any slack in the cable may be taken 
up, and the tension of the wire in cutting 
may be regulated. The double-armed' lever 
of the power machine is driven back and 
forth upon its central shaft by means of 
a driving rod from an eccentric wheel which 
rotates by motor power. The power cable 
and the wire are thus pulled back and 
forth at the rate of 1G.4 feet a second, 
which is the equivalent of 1,500 double 
strokes of the lever in a minute, the length 
of the strokes being 3.94 inches. 
In actual work the machine requires 
about one-balf the time for sawing down 
a tree by hand and about two-thirds of 
the time for sawing timber on the ground. 
The power device may be located 150 feet 
or more away from the tree to be cut. and 
a number of trees may be cut without 
moving the machine. The device is hotter 
suited for work in European forests than 
in America. It Is not likely that this ma¬ 
chine will be adopted here soon, but we 
mention it as an interesting development 
In machinery. 
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