30 
NOTES ON SPRAYING. 
Inspect the Spray Rig. 
Look the spray pump over, put it in 
good working condition, remembering 
that a little grease or oil on all bearings 
and pump cylinders prevents corroding 
and rust and makes the pump run 
easier. This applies to a hand pump as 
well as one run by some other form of 
power. For San Jose scale the lime- 
sulphur solution can safely be applied at 
any time tree is dormant, but if applied 
when temperature is freezing or below, 
so that mixture will freeze before dry¬ 
ing upon tree, results will be poor, as 
the first rain will wash off most of the 
material. In spraying orchards infested 
with San Jose scale give particular at¬ 
tention to the thorough covering of tips 
of all branches and small twigs. After 
they are thoroughly covered the larger 
branches can be finished with but little 
additional material. In combating San 
Jose scale the novice is often surprised 
at the apparent ineffectiveness of a sup¬ 
posedly thorough application of a proper 
spray mixture. A close examination of 
the sprayed tree in Summer will show 
the large branches practically free from 
scale, but fruit badly spotted upon other 
branches. The thorough spraying of 
ends of twigs will greatly reduce quan¬ 
tity of seriously infested fruit. 
Geared Wheel Powers. 
II. R. B., Greenwood, Va .—Will you ask 
those of your readers who have had experi¬ 
ence with sprocket-geared spraying rigs, on 
level land, to express opinion? I refer to 
rigs which gather power for spraying from 
movement of wagon. 
Ans. —The spray rigs which have ob¬ 
tained their power from the wheels have 
been quite satisfactory where continuous 
light work was wanted, such as the 
spraying of vineyards, potatoes, berries, 
etc. One finds that in actual use the 
draft is considerably heavier than when 
a hand or power pump is used unless 
such hand or power pump is of exces¬ 
sive weight. In the spraying of orchard 
trees upon level land they are also quite 
satisfactory while trees are small, but as 
trees grow older we find that it is not 
practical to store up enough energy in 
moving from one tree to another to 
make a thorough application, especially 
in those instances where quite large 
quantities of material are needed, for 
instance as when spraying for San Jose 
scale. When spraying is not done con¬ 
tinuously, but one has to stop team so 
as thoroughly to spray each tree, there 
results an irregularity in pressure that 
does not make for uniform work or re¬ 
sults. 
Lime-Sulphur for Potatoes. 
II. IF. V., Milton, N. Y .—In looking over 
some old issues of your paper I found an 
item on lime-sulphur for potatoes. It is 
something I have been wondering about, 
and have tried to find out if that mixture 
had been used and with what results. Will 
you let me know? Also the difference of 
effect between lime-sulphur and Bordeaux. 
Ans. —Relative to the use of the 
dilute lime-sulphur sprays as a substi¬ 
tute for Bordeaux Mixture for the 
spraying of potatoes, we find there is a 
difference of opinion; some people try¬ 
ing it have found serious injury to the 
foliage resulting. In one or two in¬ 
stances potato growers have used it 
with practically no ill effects, but at this 
time do not believe it wise to recom¬ 
mend its substitution in place of Bor¬ 
deaux Mixture for a spray to be used 
in combating potato blight or other 
fungous troubles of the potato. It is a 
well demonstrated fact, however, that 
in the spraying of apples the diluted 
lime-sulphur combined with arsenate of 
lead has proved as effective in control¬ 
ling both apple scab and other common 
foliage fungous troubles and the Cod¬ 
ling moth and other leaf-eating insects. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
January 13, 
It is also less costly and more easily 
prepared, especially when commercial 
brands of lime-sulphur are used. 
Hand Pump or Power. 
L. R. C. (.Yo address). —I have a young 
apple orchard of 11 acres in a solid block 
and also three acres outlined with apple 
trees and some pear, plum and cherry de¬ 
voted to small fruit and truck. All the 
trees are under five years of age except 
about 50 veterans recently dishorned. All 
the ground is readily accessible to either 
heavy high power apparatus or to smaller 
equipment. Both dormant and Summer 
sprays would be necessary. Well water 
must of necessity afford the water supply. 
Labor probably would be hard to get at 
critical times. In view of these considera¬ 
tions what equipment would be best, a 
power plant or a battery of hand pumps, as 
has been suggested? 
Ans. —To a man who is just starting 
out in the fruit growing industry plant¬ 
ing his first orchards, the spraying prob¬ 
lem is one which of necessity must be 
carefully studied and the outfit neces¬ 
sary must be obtained. Just how ex¬ 
pensive an outfit the fruit grower with 
10 or 15 acres of young trees should buy 
is the question. In spraying an orchard 
of this kind a good hand pump will do 
effective work until the orchard is 12 or 
15 years of age. However, if help is 
uncertain and hard to get it is quite pos¬ 
sible that one of the lighter power 
sprayers might prove most economical 
when all things are considered. I have 
seen one man sitting on the top of a 
spraying rig of this kind driving two 
horses and thoroughly spraying trees 
from three to 15 years of age with no 
extra help. One just entering upon or¬ 
charding as a business must make use 
of the observations and proven facts 
demonstrated by various experiment 
stations and practical growers. In pres¬ 
ent time spraying of apples, especially 
where San Jose scale is present, it has 
been found that trees must be sprayed 
at least once during the dormant season 
with a contact insecticide effective in 
controlling San Jose scale. Another 
spraying must be made as green buds 
appear, and as blossom clusters separate 
but before blossoms open, with a com¬ 
bined insecticide and fungicide. Bor¬ 
deaux Mixture and some form of 
arsenical poisons, in years past was the 
recommended remedy for this second 
spraying. During the past two or three 
years the use of diluted lime-sulphur 
spray, using one gallon of the concen¬ 
trated commercial mixture, testing about 
32 degrees Beaume to 35 or 40 gallons 
of water, and adding to each 50 gallons 
of this dilute mixture, two to three 
pounds of arsenate of lead, has come 
into use. This has proven fully as 
effective as the Bordeaux Mixture and 
arsenical combination, and at the same 
time proved less injurious to the fruit 
and foliage. Spraying at this time is 
for bud-moth and various leaf-rollers 
and also for apple scab. Another spray¬ 
ing and probably the most important of 
the season is the one that immediately 
follows the blossoming period and 
should be applied as soon as the petals 
drop, using the same dilute lime-sulphur 
and arsenate of lead combination here¬ 
tofore mentioned, taking particular 
pains thoroughly to cover all foliage 
and immature fruit with the spray. This 
should be applied promptly, especial 
care being taken to get some of the 
poison spray upon calyx end of each 
immature fruit. The spraying applied 
at this time is the most effective in con¬ 
trolling Codling moth. The experience 
of the past two or three years appar¬ 
ently indicates that in ordinary seasons 
it will almost completely control Cod¬ 
ling moth. If a late brood of Codling 
moth is looked for another thorough 
spraying with same material should be 
applied about six weeks later. This 
would also be effective in controlling 
late outbreaks of apple scab which some¬ 
times occur. 
If in the spraying of a large acreage 
of young orchard more than one hand 
pump would be necessary to do effec¬ 
tive and timely work I would certainly 
advise the use of a power sprayer. A 
single hand pump, however, will cover a 
large acreage of young trees and is light 
and easily carried around and in later 
years it might be advisable to substitute 
the power sprayer, but the hand rigging 
would find many uses around the ordin¬ 
ary fruit farm. b. d. v. b. 
Gasoline Power in Orchards. 
We have used a gasoline tractor for 
orchard work. The greater part of the 
work we did this season was orchard 
work, and as a large portion of the or¬ 
chard worked was peach orchard with 
the trees 18 feet apart, it was not prac¬ 
tical to hitch one tool behind another. 
The work in the peach orchard, there¬ 
fore, was confined to pulling a disk har¬ 
row with 16 20-inch disks, followed 
later by a three-section Syracuse har¬ 
row. The disk harrow was set as deep 
as possible, and was weighted w r ith stone 
besides. The Syracuse harrow was also 
set very deep, much deeper than when 
being pulled by three horses. We used 
these same tools this Fall in fitting a 
field for vetch with the Syracuse harrow 
hitched behind the disk harrow, and 
pulled them both over fresh furrows 
and ran the machine on intermediate 
speed, which is about the same rate as 
the average team will walk. We also 
used a three-gang 10-inch bottom plow 
in a very tough sod. and plowed to a 
depth of eight or nine inches. We have 
an extra plow which we intend to put 
on next Spring to plow orchards, which 
will make a four-gang plow instead of 
a three. We have never used the plow 
with the harrow hitched behind, but 
think this could be done in open fields 
or apple orchards if one so desired. 
It would be hard to enumerate all the 
different kinds of work that could be 
done with this machine. It is handy for 
power because the tractor can be run 
to any place on the farm where power 
is needed, then throw out the clutch 
and you have a 25 horse-power engine 
securely mounted. The engine shaft 
projects from the front far enough so 
that a friction pulley may be attached. 
We have pulled stumps and grubs, 
moved a fair-sized building on rollers, 
run the buzz saw, husked corn with a 
four-roll McCormick husker, 'Stretched 
wire fence, and did many other jobs of 
less importance. george c. silsby. 
Niagara Co., N. Y. 
“I want you to understand that I 
got my money by hard work.” ‘‘Why, 
I thought it was left you by your uncle.” 
“So it was, but I had hard work get¬ 
ting it away from the lawyers.”—Bos¬ 
ton Transcript. 
“A woman can be just as self-reliant 
and independent as a man,” said Mr. 
Meekton’s wife defiantly. “Mebbe she 
can, Henrietta, mebbe she can. But not 
while she wears dresses that hook up 
the back.”—Washington Star. 
“You must have called me late this 
morning, Sylvena. It was 12 o’clock 
when I reached the office. And I had 
an important appointment for 10 o’clock, 
too.” “Why, I called you at 7.30, John.” 
“Was the clock right?” “Yes; I set it 
last night when you came home. You 
remember I called downstairs when you 
came in and asked you what time it 
was. And you said 10.30. The clock in 
my room said 1.45, so I turned it back 
to agree with your watch, and, of 
course, I called you by the correct time 
this morning.”—Buffalo Express. 
“For the Land’s Sake, use Bowker’s 
Fertilizers; they enrich the earth and 
those who till it.”— Adv. 
Two Valuable 
Books for Home 
Gardeners Sent FREE 
Shrewd people buy merchandise 
from established houses—houses that 
will be in business when they need 
service. Why should not a planter buy 
his Trees, Shrubs, Vines, Roses. Bulbs 
and Seeds with the same precaution? 
How disappointing it is when your 
trees or shrubs have leaved out to find 
something you did not order—some¬ 
thing you do not want. Have you ever 
had this ex¬ 
perience? 
Don't take 
any risk when 
ordering. Buy 
direct of the 
producer and at 
first cost. \Yc 
have a reputa¬ 
tion at stake. 
58 Years 
of Square 
Dealing 
We have 
been in busi¬ 
ness 58 years and expect to continue indefi¬ 
nitely. You always know where to find us. 
47 Greenhouses, 1.200 Acres. Write to<la- 
for General Catalog No. 2, 168 pages, an- 
for Ornamental Tree Catalog No. 1. 11 
pages. They’re interesting and valuablt 
The Slorrs ^ Harrison Co 
Box 684, Painesville, Ohio 
TREES 
Two Cents anti Up 
Also Plum, Cherry, Pear, Crape Vines, etc. Ornamentals. 
STRAWBERRY PLANTS 
SILVER MAPLE TREES 
We travel no agents but sell direct to planters. 
Write for FREE Catalogue and save 75 per cent. 
TENNESSEE NURSERY COMPANY, Box 21, Cleveland, Tenn, 
RELIABLE 
FRUIT TREES 
W T e do not ask for your orders 
simply because we are one of the 
oldest nursery firms in the business 
or because we are the largest in this 
section of the country. But we do ask 
your business on the merits of our trees 
and plants—the best and most reliable that 
money can buy. Our long experience and 
success is your guarantee that our pro¬ 
duct and prices are right. 
Send a postal today for our practical 
Booklet. It boils down for your benefit 
what we have learned during thirty years’ 
experience in growing fruit. 
BARNES BROS. NURSERY CO. 
Box 8, Yalesville, Conn. 
Trees at Wholesale Prices 
We have no agents. Weselldirectonly. You pay 
us about half what agents charge and get trees 
guaranteed to be healthy and true to name. 
We Prepay Freight 
Onordersamountingto$7.50netorover.We 
grow Apple, Peach, Pear, Plum, Cherry, 
Quince, Shade and Ornamental trees. 
Also shrubs, berry bushes, and plants. See 
exceptionally low prices in.l912Catalog F 
Wm. P. RUPERT A SON, Box gp Seneca, N.Y. ^ 
cent. 
“Howe of the Best Trees/’ where Scale is unknown. 
12 PEACH TREES, $1.00. 
3 Klhcrta, 2 E. Crawford, 3 L. Crawford, 2 Champion, 1 
Carman, 1 K. Elvers. Ali fine 1 year, well-matured treeB. 
True to nami or money back. Write now Tor free catalog 
of other bargains aud completo line. 
Itcilly H.-o*, Mursories, 1056 Bell I y Rd., Dansvllle, N. Y. 
WRITE TO US ABOUT 
Fruit Trees 
King Bros., Nurseries, Dansville, N.Y. 
Peach and Apple Trees 
For fail or spring planting. Brices right; stock 
right. MYER & SON, liridgeville, Delaware 
FRUIT At Wholesale FROM 
TDFCC Fresh dug stock, free PDOU/FD 
I KLtO from scale, and true to uKU W LK 
name. All kinds—lowest prices—guaranteed stock. Send 
us your planting list for quotation. We invite compari¬ 
son. Established 1879. 
L. W. Hall & Co., 825 Cutler Bldg., Rochester, N. Y. 
PROft 
Fresh Dug Western N. Y. Trees. 
Apples, Pears, Cherries, Plums, Peaches, 
Small Fruits, Shrubs, Roses, etc. Beet 
Trees. Best Prices. Write for FREE Cat. 
THE FRCITLAND NURSERIES 
303 Wlnton Road, Rochester, N. Y. 
TREES and PLANTS^,,K-S5JS 
sale prices. Big supply Apple & Peach Trees, Privet 
Hedging. The Westminster Nursery, Westminster, Md. 
FRUIT TREE COLLECTION 
10 Trees worth $2,60 for $1.75 
1 McIntosh, 1 Banana Apple, 1 Nia¬ 
gara, 1 Elberta Peach, I Bartlett, 1 
Clapp’s Fitv. Pear, 1 Montmorency 
1 Bing Cherry, 1 York State Prune. 
1 Orange Quince. All Extra Size 
2-year, 6 to 7 feet high— 1# Trees 
for $1.75. Everybody send for free 
illustrated catalogue. Est. 26 yeurs. 250 acres. 
Maloney Bros. 6 Wells Co. Box 37, Dansville. N. Y. 
