1912. 
U'H EJ RURAL NEW-YORKER 
FERTILITY IN WASTES. 
Part III. 
Tobacco Wastes. —In some parts of the 
country farmers or gardeners are able to 
obtain the refuse from eigar or tobacco 
factories. There is now less of this than 
formerly, as an extract of tobacco is being 
used for spraying purposes. Where the 
wastes can be had they will prove very 
valuable. The following show composition 
of average samples: 
POUNDS IN ONE 
TON. 
Nitrogen. 
P. A. 
Potash. 
Tobacco 
dust... 
, .. 36 
12 
60 
Tobacco 
leaves.. 
. . . 55 
8 
140 
Tobacco 
stems.. 
.. . 40 
12 
120 
Stems (weathered) 26 
12 
44 
The stems were exposed to the weather 
during Spring and Winter, and as we see 
lost nearly two-thirds of their fertilizing 
value. Remember this in buying stems that 
have not been kept under shelter. The 
tobacco waste may be spread and plowed 
under like manure or mixed in a compost. 
We know of one case where a large num¬ 
ber of stems were run through a fodder 
cutter and chopped fine. This material was 
used as bedding and absorbent back of the 
cows. The stems are also good for the 
henhouse. Sheep men feed them to sheep 
as a preventive for worms. We like them 
as mulch around trees, as the mice and 
other vermin do not like tobacco. You 
will see that a good quality of stems may 
have nearly five times the feeding value of 
manure. All tobacco wastes are deficient 
in phosphoric acid. 
Factory Wastes. —In some smaller 
towns cloth or paper mills throw out forms 
of waste which can often be bought at a 
low figure. Here are the average composi¬ 
tions of some of them : 
POUNDS 
IN ONE 
TON. 
Nitrogen. 
P. A. 
Potash. 
Wool waste. 
72 
10 
30 
Mill gloss. 
250 
4 
10 
Wool dust. 
72 
6 
5 
Paper mill dust... 
25 
1 
10 
Paper mill washings 
Soap grease refuse 
3 
0 
o 
o 
60 
260 
0 
Sugar beet refuse. 
120 
0 
180 
(’alico refuse. 
80 
200 
0 
Cotton waste. 
22 
6 
28 
Glucose refuse.... 
50 
5 
o 
• » 
Linen waste. 
20 
10 
5 
While some of these wastes contain con¬ 
siderable nitrogen, notably these from wool, 
they are not usually satisfactory as fer¬ 
tilizer. The nitrogen is inert or slow to 
act until the wastes are decayed. They are 
sometimes used to absorb the stable liquids, 
but do not make very satisfactory bedding, 
as they stick to the cattle. About the 
only way to utilize them is to rot them 
down in the compost or manure pile, and 
this is usually slow. We would not ad¬ 
vise paying high prices for them. 
Tannery Wastes. — I notice on page 0 
that you give the analyses of various tan¬ 
neries’ and glue factories’ refuse. I am em¬ 
ployed in the manufacturing department of 
the Union Tanning Company, and have per¬ 
sonally had a number of analyses made of 
spent tan ashes and also glue factory 
refuse, which differ from the analyses given 
by you to a considerable extent. I judge 
that you have confused the analyses of tan 
ashes and spent or leached tan ashes. Tan 
ashes contain less lime and more potash 
and phosphorus than the leached ashes. I 
have had several samples of spent oak bark 
ashes analyzed by the West Virginia Ex¬ 
periment Station and in general I find that 
they have contained in one ton about 1000 
pounds of lime, six pounds of phosphoric- 
acid and 15 pounds of potash. The ashes 
from spent hemlock bark are much higher 
in phosphoric acid and potash, say two or 
three times as high, but the ratio of the two 
is about the same, i. e., 2y 2 pounds of 
potash to one of phosphoric acid, but the 
lime is lower. I think that burnt ashes 
that are unleached would be difficult for 
any farmer to get, as nearly all tanneries 
use tbe spent tan bark as fuel. I have 
•also had several analyses made of glue 
factory refuse or sludge. This frequently 
contains as high as 1 Vj to two per cent 
nitrogen and 30 to 40 per cent lime, 50 
per cent being moisture. As this by-pro¬ 
duct is made through the process of wash¬ 
ing the glue stock, moisture is present in 
great quantity, it being only dried in pro¬ 
portion to the evaporation and drainage in 
piles in the open air. For a short haul, 
however, it is valuable as a fertilezer and 
as lime. I have used many carloads of it 
personally and know its direct benefits. 
Strange to say, it is almost impossible for 
us to get farmers to use these various 
waste products at no charge but the cost of 
loading, even when the haul by wagon is 
only a mile or less. If any of your read¬ 
ers are located near enough to tannex-ies, 
so that the hauling would not be too ex¬ 
pensive, the use of these ashes or glue 
refuse would be found very beneficial, es¬ 
pecially as the hauling and spreading could 
be done in the Winter—a season of usually 
slack work. henry w. iiealy. 
R. N.-Y.—The figures given were com¬ 
piled from a number of sources and were 
supposed to represent tbe average of a good 
many analyses. We are very glad to get 
this report and will welcome similar ones 
from any who are familiar with these 
wastes. 
Preventing Trough from Freezing. 
On page 1222 a friend fx-om Alberta asks 
how to keep a water trough from freezing. 
In Vermont we have quite chilly weather 
now and then (25 and 30 below zero). To 
keep a trough or tub from freezing bank 
fresh horse manure around sides and bottom 
of tub or trough about eight inches thick, ( 
tamping it down slightly and make a cover ( 
out of half-inch stuff, double, with paper 
between, and your tub will not freeze more 
than an inch on top in the Coldest weather, 
pi-ovided you will fill tub or trough soon 
after the cattle have had their drink, and 
keep trough well covered up. I have used 
tills in the barn and out in the open yard 
always with success. I have always had 
to pump the water for stock and pumped 
the trough full at once after cattle had 
enough. f. k. r. 
Vermont. 
IIorse Tearing Blanket. —To stop a 
horse from biting or chewing his blanket, 
try soaking a light strong stable sheet in 
a crude oil. such as is used for dipping 
shingles, painting roofs, etc., until it is 
thoroughly soaked, then letting it drip and 
dry and putting it on over the regular 
blanket worn. I have used this with suc¬ 
cess in several eases. j. s. L. 
Massachusetts. 
If S. D., page 1182, will take a stick 
about the size of a fork handle and long 
enough to reach from the surcingle to halter 
ring, put a snap on one end and a strap 
or chain about four inches long on the 
other, put a ring on the side of the sur¬ 
cingle snap, the snap in this and attach to 
the halter ring, he will correct the vice 
mentioned in the stable. For outside use 
soak the blanket in some solution distaste¬ 
ful to the horse, or sew on some sheepskin 
(wool out) ; this will also make his quit the 
“street” habit. f. n. b. 
Fulton Co., N. Y. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and a 
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
T EARN Photography By Mail—Those bright, 
snappy prints that everyone likes. Easy when 
you know how. Advice given on any part of the 
work one year for $2. Developing, printing, copy¬ 
ing and training done to order, instruction hook 
free to students. Circular. C. I. HUNT, Com¬ 
mercial Photographer, Hunt, N, Y. 
vO 
ill* i 
10 
Bay farm land at $10 an acre np 
alone the lines of the Southern Railway and 
watch it double in value in five years. Plenty of 
rain at all times. No expensive irrieation necessary 
—no drouths or blizzards. Winters very mild, sum¬ 
mers enjoyable. 
Rapidly growing cities demand 
more farm produce. 
Beef, pork, poultry, sheep and dairying 
pay handsomely. Truck crops, al-^— 
falfa, corn, cotton, nuts f™>ts^p articullrs 
and apples especially, 
are maktne Southern 
Free farmers 
Subscription^^. fit h- 
to the Southern Field, 
given you by 
M.V. Richards, 
L. I.Agt, So. Ry. 
Room 87 
Washington, O.C. 
W A NT F n- position as GENERAL MANA- 
tv nit 1 (JER of private estate by man with 
twenty-five years’ experience; has best of refer¬ 
ence. Apply 187 Water Street, New York City. 
Farm Hands and Laborers Supplied Free 
Wo have many men anxious to learn farm work. 
C. K. Blatclily, United Charities Bldg., 105 E. 22d St., N.Y. City 
85 
1 The GULF STREAM 
LAND OF 
MILD WINTERS 
Thousands of Acres— Rich, Black 
Sandy Loam Soil; Virgin Farm 
Lands, fronting on the ocean. 
Ample monthly rainfall. 
Nearby markets. Twelve 
hours from New York. 
Low priced farming lands. Monthly F.xcitrsions. 
Write for Free Colored Maps and Descriptive Litera¬ 
ture. Address W. W. CR0XT0N, G. P, A,, Norfolk 
Southern R. R., Dept. D, Norfolk, Virginia. 
CAROLINA 
COAST S 
COUNTRY 
FARUQ Circular free. Dept. 151, Bolands’ 
I HliniO Farm Agency, 31 Milk St., Boston 
nrfY "D U''\T r T'— Desirable Dairy Farms in 
x XVJ-/X.N A Hoosiok and Schaghticoke, 
Rensselaer County, N. Y. Good buildings; near 
creamery and markets. Address LEGRAN’D C. 
TIBBITS, Agent, Hoosiok, N. Y. 
A BEAUTIFUL FARM 
ing and trucking section in the world; fertile soil 
and line climate; also a beautiful water front farm 
with timber. For full particulars address Samuel 
P. Woodcock, Salisbury, Wicomico County, Md. 
200 ACRES' 
85 acres timber—P room houso; 
bnsement oarn, 48x60; corn, hen 
and hog houses; apples and cherries; Jtj-mile from 
school, 2\4 miles from hank, stores and railroad 
town. Price $4,000—$1,000 cash, balance mortgage 
at 5 per cent. HALL S FARM AGENCY. Owego, 
Tioga County, New York. 
WANTFn - Fa rm about 50 or 75 acres in N. Y. 
” 1 or N. J.. about 100 miles from New 
York City. Address BOX 326, K. Smithtield, Pa. 
FARMER W ANTED-/.;, 
for a farm near New York City. Must be ener¬ 
getic, understand the care of roads, and be a good 
grader; also have thorough knowledge of farm 
crops, machinery, and understand the care and 
feeding of cattle. In reply state age, nationality, 
family, wages required, and references. 
Address M. M., care Rural New-Yorker. 
Two Important Lessons From 
The Coe-Mortimer Company Five-Hundred Dollar Prize Corn Contest 
for the 
Most Profitable Acre of Field Corn Raised in New England During 1911 
Coe-Mortimer $500.00 Corn Contest for 1911 was handled by the Massachusetts Corn Show, Incorporated. The 
following were the Premium Committee who had direct charge of the competition and qf the awarding of the prizes: 
w , PROF. WM.D, HURD MR. GLEN C. SEVEY 
Massachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass. Editor New England Homestead, Springfield, Mass 
MR. E. H, NAYLOR 
Secretary of the Board of Trade, Springfield, Mass 
RESULTS OF THE COMPETITION 
Fifty-seven competitors from all over New England entered. 
Only thirteen finished, the large number dropping out undoubt¬ 
edly being due to the early frosts. 
Values for Corn, Cob and Stover were affixed by the 
above mentioned Committee as follows: 
Shelled Corn (12% Moisture).$ .75 per bushel 
Cob (12% Moisture). 7.00 per ton 
Stover (40% Moisture). 8.00 per ton 
Grower 
Variety 
Bushels 
of Corn 
Shelled 
Pounds of 
Cob 
Pounds of 
Stover 
Value of 
Com 
Value of 
Stover 
Value of 
Cob 
Prepar¬ 
ing 
Land 
Seed 
and 
Plantino 
Manure 
and 
Fertilizer 
Residual 
Fertility 
Carino 
for 
Crop 
Harvest¬ 
ing and 
Husking 
Net 
Profit 
1. L. S. White. 
Flint 
97.90 
1111.89 
7733.9 
$73.43 
$30.93 
$3.89 
$4.00 
$1.30 
$18.10 
$0.00 
$2.90 
$16.20 
$65.75 
2. M. H. Williams... 
Dent 
90.10 
1361.41 
7067.62 
67.58 
28.27 
4.76 
2.25 
1.18 
27.80 
7.75 
3.00 
9.37 
49.26 
3. M. H. Clark. 
Dent 
58.33 
602.14 
7026.42 
43.75 
28.11 
2.11 
2.50 
1.31 
5.075 
7.50 
2.44 
11.925 
43.23 
4. E. & H. W. Moore 
t*lint 
59.44 
643.63 
6371.89 
44.58 
25.49 
2.25 
5.75 
1.65 
23.80 
0.00 
4.62 
17.43 
19.17 
5. J. U. Cook. 
I* lint 
55.37 
750.20 
4124.85 
41.35 
16.50 
2.63 
5.675 
2.08 
19.10 
7.20 
5.125 
8-00 
13.49 
The Records of Competitors and. all plans for the competition were prepared by this committee and approved by the 
State Experiment Station Director, in which the competitors for the prize resided. 
At the request of the Committee of the Massachusetts Corn Show, the $500.00 was divided into three prizes, as follows: 
FIRST PRIZE, $250.00 SECOND PRIZE, $150.00 THIRD PRIZE, $100.00 
A UNIQUE FEATURE of this competition was that Home Mixtures of Fertilizer Materials or Stable Manure could be 
used instead of or with Commercial Fertilizers; no restrictions of any sort being imposed. Further it was provided that no 
officer or stockholder of 1 he Coe-Mortimer Company or any other Fertilizer company should have anything to do with the 
keeping of the records or with the awarding of the prizes. 
THE FIRST PRIZE was won by Mr. L. S. White of Collinsville. 
Conn., showing a NET PROFIT on his acre of Corn of $65.75. 
THE SECOND PRIZE was won by Mr. M. H. Williams of 
Sunderland, Mass., who showed a NET PROFIT on his acre of 
Corn of $49.26. 
THE THIRD PRIZE was won by Mr. M. H. Clark of Sunderland, 
Mass., who showed a NET PROFIT on his acre of Corn of $43.23. 
I 
The Following Table shows the net profit and value of Corn, Cob and Stover, together with cost of production, of five of 
the leading competitors. This table is well worth your long and careful study:— 
THE FIRST OF THE TWO GREAT TRUTHS 
Proven by this Prize Contest is that in a wide open competition where High Grade Commercial Fertilisers, Home Mixtures 
and Stable Manure may compete freely, the 
Largest Crops Are Produced by the Use of High Grade Commercial Fertilizers Alone 
Mr. L. S. White, the winner of the First Prize used 1,000 lbs. per acre of High Grade Commercial Fertilizer, testing about5-8-8. 
Mr. M. H. Williams, the winner ef the Second Prize, used 1,000 lbs. per acre of a similar High Grade Commercial Fertilizer, but 
in addition used 360 lbs. per acre of a Home Mixture of Cottonseed Meal and Muriate of Potash. The returns show the use of 
this mixture gave no corresponding increase in the crop, but only increased the cost of raising the Corn. 
The winner of the Third Prize, Mr. M. H. Clark, used only 325 lbs. per acre of High Grade Commercial Fertilizer in 1911, but 
had previously for three successive years applied a ton to the acre of High Grade Commercial Fertilizer to this land. Thus it is 
plain that Mr. Clark s profitable crop of Corn was clearly due to the use of large quantities of Commercial Fertilizer. 
THE SECOND GREAT TRUTH 
Clearly proven by this contest is that 
Heavy Applications of High Grade Commercial Fertilizer not only raise the Largest Crops of 
Corn per acre, but also raise the Most Profitable Crops 
Note what is said above concerning quantities of fertilizer used and then study the table. You will then see clearly how this 
works out. 
Your Corn Crop for 1912 Will Need Fertilizer—Now Is the Time to Provide for It by Ordering a Good Supply of 
,857 E. FRANK COE’S FERTILIZERS .n 
(Standard of Excellence for Over Fifty Years) 
Our Annual Fertilizer Booklet, and Handsome Calendar for 1912, will be sent free of charge while Ihe supply lasts if you mention The Rural New-Yorker 
THE COE-MORTIMER COMPANY street ERS NEW YORK CITY 
