1912. 
NEW YORK STATE FRUIT GROWER 
07 
Part II. 
It cannot well be said that the discus¬ 
sions and addresses at the meeting of the 
New York State fruit growers, as a whole, 
have been very prolific of strikingly new 
points or sensational disclosures. The apple 
industry of the State seems to be running 
in smooth grooves, and the orchardists to 
have the business well in hand, the really 
weak spot being the marketing end. Anil 
this also seems to be now sharply looked 
after. 
Profs. Herrick, of Ithaca, and Parrott, of 
the Geneva Station, handled the insect 
problems. No new insect pests of import¬ 
ance have made their appearance in 1911. 
In early May green plant lice were de¬ 
tected in large numbers on the opening 
buds of apple trees, also the European 
green aphis, the latter not considered most 
injurious on apples, and in September and 
October the air seemed to be full of the 
winged form of the louse near Ithaca. Yet 
comparatively little damage was done by 
these insects in our orchards. The tar¬ 
nished plant bug has given some trouble. 
It was found also in gardens where it at¬ 
tacks celery and other plants, puncturing 
the stalks. In the nursery it punctures the 
buds; in peach orchards it often scars the 
skin of the peaches. Usually it attacks 
the trees along the borders, as its home is 
in the grasses and weeds. Can be con¬ 
trolled by means of clean culture, and do¬ 
ing away with hedge rows, grassy margins, 
weeds, etc. The Codling moth is with us 
every year, and the most important insect 
pest in the apple orchard. We have not 
yet been able to control it in the most 
satisfactory manner. New studies of its 
life history have been made and it was 
found that there were but four days of 
immunity between the two broods, from 
first of June to first of September. It 
would therefore be necessary to keep a 
coat of arsenate of lead on the leaves or 
fruit for three months, ami give at least 
three sprayings, the last one about last of 
July. Dr. Felt, however, is very emphatic 
in stating that 95 to 99 per cent of worm- 
free fruit can be had by means of making 
the first spraying very thorough, and that 
at most only two’ sprayings are needed if 
they are made thorough enough. The opera¬ 
tor must stand high and throw the spray 
down into the center of the trees. Use an 
abundance of liquid. For borers. Prof. Her¬ 
rick recommends the maintenance of a 
healthy and vigorous condition of the tree, 
by good feeding and thorough tillage. Up 
to within a few years we have been free 
of the fruit tree leaf-roller in the extreme 
East. In the Spring of 1911 it appeared 
in some orchards in the State, and may 
have become well enough established there 
to become a serious pest. It has only one 
brood, but the egg masses are hard to find 
on the branches. The young eat cavities in 
the young fruit, then fold the leaves over 
and spin themselves in. Arsenate of lead 
In strong applications when buds open may 
possibly have some effect. Zinc arsenite is 
a newly discovered poison that is three 
times as concentrated as arsenate of lead, 
ft is a light, fine white powder, containing 
40 per cent arsenic and docs not become 
soluble and injurious to the foliage. It can 
be had in 10-pound lots at 25 cents per 
pound. Prof. Herrick speaks well of the 
effectiveness of powdered lead arsenate, but 
savs the paste seems to stick better. Prof. 
Parrott reports that San .Tos<5 scale was 
verv prominent in 1911. and has been very 
destructive in some orchards in Niagara 
County. For its control more depends on 
thoroughness of spraying than on the choice 
of the mixture. Lime-sulphur, miscible oils, 
etc., will do it; but he prefers the home¬ 
made concentrated lime-sulphur solution. 
Nothing but this, in strong solutions, has 
been used for the scale in the station or¬ 
chards at Geneva, and it would be quite a 
task to find a live scale. 
The opening of the question box always 
excites more than the usual degree of in¬ 
terest in the proceedings. Question No. 90 
of the program came first. How late is it 
safe to spray apples with lime-sulphur in 
Winter strength? Answer: When buds 
are swelling and showing green tips. 
Question No. 44. What is the cause ot 
the red foliage on pear trees? Answer: 
Red foliage is a symptom of ill health, due 
possibly to a number of causes, such as lack 
of underdrainage, drought, lack of nitro¬ 
gen. anything, in fact, interfering with the 
growth of the tree. 
Question No. 65. What is the best way 
to prevent the peach tree borer from work¬ 
ing? Answer: Nothing better than dig¬ 
ging the borers out. 
Question No. 51. Can we successfully 
spray peaches for fungus? Answer: Spray 
with self-boiled lime-sulphur (Scott for¬ 
mula). The mixture should not be over¬ 
cooked. This is for black spot and fruit 
rot. 
Question No. 77. What is the maximum 
amount of lime and copper sulphate that 
can be applied to apple and peach trees 
without Injury? Answer by Prof. Stewart: 
It is impossible to tell. Under some condi¬ 
tions trees may suffer injury from very 
weak mixtures. On apples lime-sulphur may 
be used ordinarily in 1 to 40 strength, on 
pears 1 to 50; for peaches only the self- 
boiled (Scott formula) will do. As to 
strength of Bordeaux mixture on pears he 
does not know. For plums and prunes 
Bordeaux mixture is safe. Japan plums 
are not to be sprayed safely with either 
mixture or solution ; for quinces Bordeaux 
mixture is all right. 
Question No. 50. Can the tarnished 
plant bug be controlled on peaches? An¬ 
swer by Prof. Reddick: It is difficult to 
control. Clean culture will give best re¬ 
sults 
Question No. 84. How can an excess of 
sediment in homemade concentrated lime- 
sulphur solutions be avoided? Answer: 
Get high grade lime, say of at least 90 per 
cent purity. Use the full amount of water, 
and keep w'ell stirred. 
. Question No. 85. What is the experience 
in using hydrated lime instead of quick¬ 
lime in making lime-sulphur solution? An¬ 
swer : Use good clean lump lime rather 
than hydrated lime. 
Question No. 48. Is the Worden-Seek el 
pear to be preferred to the common Seckel 
for market? Answer by Mr. Cornell: 
The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
\A orden-Seckel is a valuable pear, all right. 
Give it good culture. But the old Seckel 
is to bo preferred. It brings the highest 
price in market and is most valuable. 
M orden-Seckel is next to it. Some years it 
ripens a little earlier .and in some years a 
little later than the old Seckel. He holds 
these pears _in cold storage up to about 
November 15. The Worden-Seckel keeps 
about as well as the other, and fancy pears 
then bring fancy prices. 
Question No. 74. Should strawberries be 
sprayed in the Spring with lime-sulphur or 
with Bordeaux mixture? Answer by Prof 
Stewart: Bordeaux can bo recommended 
rather than lime-sulphur. This is also true 
of potatoes. Lime-sulphur is not in it for 
effectiveness in spraying these crops. 
Question No. 87. How can we be sure of 
the effectiveness and puritv of arsenate of 
lead? Answer by Prof. Parrott: Analyses 
have been made by the stations or the‘De¬ 
partment of Agriculture; but owing to 
some hitch in the law they have not been 
published. A request has now gone forth 
by the association to the Commissioner of 
Agriculture for the publication of these 
analyses. t. g. 
That Milling Deal. 
J noticed the replies to II. C. M. on page 
1130 as to the “miller’s share” on the wheat 
deal and ray figures do not quite tally. 
Here is the proposition : 41 bushels, 15 
pounds of wheat at 1 1-3 cents per pound 
$33. The miller grinds the wheat and gets 
42 pounds of flour, selling it to his cus¬ 
tomer at 3.00 cents per pound. $1,285 
18 pounds bran and shorts at 1 V-i cents. 2 
cents; miller’s selling price per bushel 
$1,555; miller's purchase price per bushel 
80 cents. Difference in purchase and sell 
ing price, .755 per bushel, or a rise in value 
of 94.3 per cent. It makes no difference 
whether the miller pays in “chop,” “bran’ 
or “flour,” as its figured from a money 
basis. 
Cost of one bushel wheat to consumer: 
42 pounds flour at $2.70 per 100 lbs.$1.13-4 
18 lbs. shorts or bran at $1.35 per 100 .24-3 
Miller's selling price. 1.37-7 
Miller's cost price.94- 
Miller's profit . .43- 
Rate of increase in cost paid by consumer 
40.4 per cent. 
This is a steam power mill, turning out 
400 barrels of flour every 24 hours, and 
this flour was made from wheat grown 
within two miles of the mill and taken 
home by the same farmers who raised the 
wheat, as well as by a great many dwellers 
in the city living within 25 blocks of the 
mill. A great many car lots of flour are 
also shipped and sold in other markets, 
and cars of wheat are shipped in weekly 
from northern and western markets. 
Fort Scott. Ivans. G. p. 
Post 
Toasties 
A Treat 
So Sweet; 
Add Cream 
Then Eat. 
Post 
Toasties 
4 * 
The Memory Lingers” 
Postum Cereal Company, Limited, 
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■ prevent damage to eggs, garden truck, fruits, live stock! 
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■longer—horses benefited—thousands in use—“my wagon I 
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40 sizes—fit any wagon—sustain any load to 
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HARVEY SPRING CO.. 71617th St., Racine, Wis. 
GUARANTEED 
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I Half Cost of Plaster § 
Applying Wall Board to Studding 
Send for Free Book and Big Free Sample 
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Wall board 
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Better Than Plaster and Costs Less 
Bishopric Wall Board is asphalt mas¬ 
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Bishopric Sheathing Saves 75 Per Cent 
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Makes rat-proof, bug-proof, moisture- 
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dairy buildings. 
Price of Bishopric Wall Board.— Each 
crate contains 16 sheets, 4x4 feet, making 
a total of 256 square feet. Price, 16.40 
per crate of 256 square feet, or S2.50 per 
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Price of Bishopric Sheathing.— Each 
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a total of 256 square feet. Price, S6.00per 
crate of 256 square feet, or *2.35 per square 
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Write Us-We Will Tell You 
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232 Este Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio (8) 
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/■As Low as $10« 
And any boy can operate it and earn the price of 
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Portable Wood 
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HERTZLER & ZOOK CO. 
Box 3, Belleville, Pa. 
- Nailed Free To Farmers 
It**" Describes and illustrates completely 
the latest improved farm implements 
CONTAINS special articles on the care, 
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Moline, Illinois 
MORE 
POTATOES 
PER ACRE 
Do you want to in¬ 
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10 to 57 bushel* per 
acre and thereby in¬ 
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dealer to show you the Iron Age 
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40,000 Farmers Plant LS*' 0 
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Company 
3d front Street, 
Traverse City, 
Mich, 
See that your 
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has this 
trade-mark 
