9 « 
THE KUKAI) NEW-YORKER 
January 27, 
Hope Farm Notes 
I am a mechanic making fair wages at 
my trade, but like most others, cannot see 
much future in it. The cost of living is too 
high to permit a city man to save much. 
I am thinking of breaking away to get a 
farm. I do not know much about farming, 
but think I could learn how. I have 
been considering either Western Canada or 
the Isle of Pines, near Cuba. If you were 
in my place where would you go—^north or 
south? E D s 
Brooklyn, X. Y. 
This is like dozens of letters we re¬ 
ceive. They indicate a movement of 
population which is sure to grow. It is 
much the same restless spirit of dis¬ 
satisfaction which drove men across the 
Atlantic and from the Atlantic to the 
West. When I was a young men I 
“went West,” but came back again. At 
that time it was quite safe to advise 
any healthy young man who would work 
to chase after the setting sun. The only 
real arguments against going were the 
fine Eastern markets, the accumulation 
of capital here and the patriotic feeling 
that a man should stay by his home. 
The new movement from town to coun¬ 
try is different. Land is no longer free, 
and the big interests are beginning to 
work it in large tracts. This will make 
hard competition for the smaller farm¬ 
ers. While 50 years ago the pioneer 
could strike out with little money with 
a fair chance of making good, the 
modern home seeker must have consid¬ 
erable money or credit to carry his plans 
through. Thus it becomes almost im¬ 
possible to give definite advice to men 
like B. D. S. I know just how they 
feel and how they want to provide for 
the future, but who would dare tell them 
to cut off their present job and income 
without knowing all about their char¬ 
acter and ability? 
Yet it is evident that some of these 
city men must get out somewhere if they 
are to have homes of their own. If 
they realize what they are doing a dis¬ 
cussion of localities is fair. As between 
the far North and the far South I 
should go North, provided the family 
are strong and can stand the cold. If 
you consider history you will find that 
enduring civilization has come out of 
the North. I think the small farmer 
will have a fairer chance in western 
Canada than in Cuba. The people who 
are filling Canada are strong and hardy, 
and are capable of fighting for their 
common rights. I think they will work 
out a scheme of government which will, 
on the whole, be fairer than that found 
in most of our States. As for Cuba, I 
should judge that it is to be controlled 
very largely by promoters and large 
combinations . 
But why go to either extreme unless 
one is in search of free or very cheap 
land? There are some localities stil? 
left where, with fair capital, a man can 
establish himself and make a home. 
There are still chances in New York to 
buy land at a low figure. Most of the 
really good farms are held at good 
prices. T think the real estate agents 
have hold of a good many culls, and no 
one should buy one of these “bargains” 
without going himself in Summer to 
look at it. Pennsylvania offers some of 
the finest opportunities for back-to-the- 
landers. This State has never been 
boomed. The authorities seem to be 
quite slow about pointing out its oppor¬ 
tunities, but there are fine chances there 
for men with small capital, for land is 
reasonably cheap and there are fine 
markets. 
Another section which seems to me 
very superior is the wide strip running 
southwest down through lower Pennsyl¬ 
vania, upper Maryland, Virginia, West 
Virginia and on to North Carolina. 
There is the land for millions of homes 
—admirably suited for the back-to-the- 
land man, because of its location and 
the great diversity of its crops and soil. 
Those of you who live 40 years longer 
remember what I say and see if time 
does not prove it. That country will be 
one of the vital spots of our continent. 
It will be newly peopled and dominated 
by a new type of American—the des¬ 
cendants of intelligent and worthy peo¬ 
ple who were crowded out of industrial 
life in the city. Such men will under¬ 
stand the danger and injustice of mod¬ 
ern business conditions, because they 
have felt the sting. In their new homes 
among these hills, such men will work¬ 
out social and business conditions which 
will greatly influence this Republic. It 
seems as if these valleys and bills have 
been held back from close settlement in 
order that a great social experiment may 
be tried. It is not every man who is 
qualified to work out a home in this 
region, but to thousands it will appeal 
as it did to my friend who looked across 
one part of the Shenandoah Valley and 
said, “The finest country God ever 
made!” 
I was down there last week at the 
Virginia State Horticultural meeting in 
Harrisonburg. No—there was nothing 
said about the “Sunny South.” The 
mercury looked into the eyes of zero 
and shivered, and there was more snow 
than in New Jersey. While the people 
felt the cold, they were good-matured 
and made no excuses. It was a big 
meeting—over 600 present. Nine years 
ago I went to a meeting of this society 
and found perhaps 125 people. Out of 
this number five were women and per¬ 
haps a dozen what you would call young 
men. This year the proportion of 
women was not much larger, but at least 
40 per cent of the audience were young 
and vigorous fellows—keen-eyed and 
alert. Except perhaps at the New York 
State Fruit Growers’ meeting I have 
hardly seen a gathering with more young 
men. 
These Virginia growers are mostly 
wholesalers—selling the entire crop, 
often for export to Europe. It is very 
doubtful if any finer apples ever grew 7 
on a tree than are to be found in Vir¬ 
ginia. The fruit show was beautiful, yet 
in spite of all this beauty and quality it 
is almost impossible to buy a high-class 
apple at retail in the ordinary Virginia 
towns. The retail trade seems to have 
been absolutely neglected. I am quite 
sure that in most of these towns there 
are 10 oranges sold and eaten to one 
apple. Nine years ago I spoke of this 
in Lynchburg. After the meeting a fine 
old Virginia gentleman (who seemed to 
have stepped right out of a picture) 
came up with a polite protest; 
“I enjoyed your remarks, sir, but I 
wish to make it clear that we do not 
consider it dignified or becoming for a 
Virginia gentleman to peddle apples.” 
He grew a large crop of apples, and 
had no trouble in selling it in a lump 
to English buyers. So why should he 
“peddle”? His position was sound, but 
there has been a great change in nine 
years. At least 25 young men came and 
told me how they were developing pri¬ 
vate trade in apples—glad to “peddle” 
them and anxious to develop apple con¬ 
sumption in the local towns. Some of 
the advertising schemes reported for de¬ 
veloping this trade would have done' 
credit to a Cape Cod Yankee. Now I 
take this to be a hopeful indication of 
the spirit of the new South. These 
younger men quickly see that with the 
heavy planting of new trees there must 
be found new markets, or the crops can¬ 
not be handled. Where are these mar¬ 
kets ? Right at their own doors, in local 
towns and cities, and in places where 
distribution is poor. I.can see no better 
evidence of the awakening of the new 
South than this practical study of the 
commercial side of fruit growing. Let 
these Virginia growers learn how to 
educate their own people as apple grow¬ 
ers, and they will have the whole thing 
in their hands. It is a strange thing 
that while these Virginians are learning 
how to “peddle” many New England 
people are giving up the job to foreign¬ 
ers. 
One thing I have been afraid of in 
this Virginia apple growing is that the 
big 1,000-acre growers would crowd out 
the smaller men and destroy their 
chances. The general opinion at this 
meeting was that the smaller men would 
have the better chance. The big men 
find it hard to take proper care of their 
large orchards. You can get power for 
cultivating and spraying, or for fertil¬ 
izing, but picking and packing must be 
done by hand. All are wondering where 
the hand labor is to come from. The 
big men will be at the mercy of the 
pickers. The smaller man who handles 
just enough to provide work for a 
moderate outfit can give every tree pro¬ 
per care and oversee the whole thing. 
In this way he will always have an ad¬ 
vantage in producing high-grade fruit. 
In fact I think the larger growers real¬ 
ize that their orchards are getting too 
large for the best handling. It is quite 
doubtful if the largest orchard can be 
the best. 
Virginia was not the only place where 
old Brother Zero pulled off his gloves. 
We had a week of it at Hope Farm. I 
hope the peach buds are alive, but it was 
a hard test for them. We kept the fires 
roaring and managed to keep warm, 
aided no doubt by the presence of the 
red-heads. It was a bitter week, and we 
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_a’ 
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