110 
THE) RURAL NEW-YORKER 
February 3, 
FARMERS’ CLUB 
[ Every query must be accompanied by the 
name and address of the writer to insure 
attention. Before asking c. question, please see 
whether it is not answered in our advertising 
columns. Ask only a few questions at one time. 
Fu' questions on a separate piece of paper.] 
Apples for Michigan. 
E. R. II., Ellsworth, Mich .—I now have 
in bearing in Antrim County, Michigan, 700 
Ben Davis apple trees, and have coming 
into bearing 400 Duchess and Wealthy trees. 
I want to set this Spring about 300 trees; 
have decided that it will either be Wag¬ 
oner, McIntosh or Canada lied (Steele's Red). 
The question is which one of these varieties 
to set, or shall I set equal quantities of 
these three varieties. Will the Canada Red 
bear early and grow to good size in this 
locality it properly cared for? 
Ans. —If I had 700 Ben Davis apple 
trees in northern Michigan, they would 
be top-grafted to something better. 
Grimes would be a good variety to sub¬ 
stitute for at least a part of them and 
the true Canada Red (Steele’s Red! is 
another good one. In planting more 
apple trees I would suggest that one- 
half be of the Red Canada and the other 
of Delicious. Both these varieties are 
of the highest quality, and are very 
salable because of their red color, and 
the trees are reasonably productive. An¬ 
trim County is in a section that is under 
the tempering influence of Lake Michi¬ 
gan, and the climate is rarely severe in 
Winter. h. e. van deman. 
Treatment for Tuberculosis. 
J. G. 8., dinner, N. Y .—Can you tell me 
where there is a sanatorium for people who 
are in poor circumstances and have tuber¬ 
culosis? We know of several sanatoriums, 
but the price is more than we can pay. My 
husband is in a very bad condition with 
tuberculosis. 
Ans. —There is only one State institu¬ 
tion for the treatment of tuberculosis— 
that at Ray Brook, N. Y. Application 
for admission as a free patient should 
be made through the local poor authori¬ 
ties. It is in the hope of providing 
adequate hospital facilities for the many 
cases in this State that the Department 
has been carrying on its campaign of 
education and urging the establishment 
of county tuberculosis hospitals to pro¬ 
vide beds. This movement has met with 
marked success; a number of county 
hospitals have been opened and at the 
present time quite a number more are 
planning to immediately begin construc¬ 
tion work. It is obvious that little 
headway can be made in the work 
against tuberculosis until proper facili¬ 
ties are provided for the care and treat¬ 
ment of cases. eugene h. porter, 
N. Y. Commissioner of Health. 
A Green Vegetable Dye. 
T. A. F., Paterson, N. J. —I have been 
trying to find a plant from whose leaves 
I could extract a green stain or dye. I 
have written all over and I cannot find 
anyone who can tell me of any plant that 
I could use. How is tobacco, or do you 
know of anything I could try? I must 
try it before Spring, as I will have to plant 
a lot of it then. 
Ans. —The search for a permanent 
green stain or dye from plants is an 
old one, and appears never to have been 
successful except in the solitary instance 
of Lo Kao or Chinese natural green, 
which -first became known to Western 
civilization more than 100 years ago. 
At first it was thought the ingenious 
Chinese had been able to fix the green 
coloring of grass upon silks, but later 
it was found that Lo Kao was produced 
by a complicated and expensive process 
from the saps of Rhamnus utilis and 
R. chlorophorus, Asiatic members of 
the Buckthorn family of plants. When 
first imported this dye-stuff sold for as 
much as $50 the pound weight, but it is 
now only of historical interest, having 
been entirely superseded by the green 
aniline dyes and other coal-tar products. 
Lo Kao remains the only example of a 
green dye directly produced from 
plants, and is regarded as a fermenta¬ 
tion product, just as is indigo-blue, 
which results from the oxidation of the 
orange yellow infusion of the leaves 
and young branches of the true indigo 
plant, Indigofera tinctoria. The vege¬ 
table green dyes produced by savages 
and partially civilized peoples appears 
to result from mixtures of yellow and 
blue coloring matters which are quite 
easily extracted from plants. The 
green coloring matter of tobacco and 
other growing plants is known as 
chlorophyll, a highly complex substance, 
existing in granular form in the leaf 
cells and occasionally the young bark, 
through which the assimilation of plant 
food occurs. Chlorophyll may be ex¬ 
tracted from the foliage by alcohol, 
chloroform and other solvents in the 
form of a beautiful green solution, but 
it soon loses color by oxidation and 
cannot be used as a permanent dye. In 
other words, it is not “fast,” and can¬ 
not be made so by any means at present 
known. The prospect of finding a plant 
to grow in quantity for the production 
of green dyes does not appear hopeful. 
v. 
Drainage or Forestry. 
I have about l. r > acres of land on a gently 
sloping hillside with woods on the east and 
south sides. Would you advise planting 
trees or tile-drain it and plow? The land 
is six inches of clay with hardpan beneath. 
I have hay on it now, but is not any good. 
p. A. R. 
It is doubtful if trees would grow well 
on such soil without drainage. Some apple 
varieties might make a fair growth, but 
thorough drainage will be needed for any 
crop to do well. 
Believes It Is The Landlord. 
1 have noted the 35-eent dollar; have had 
many of them handed me. 1 consider that 
you miss the point in laying it so much 
on the middleman. The grocer and meat 
dealer and city vender usually has all he can 
do to live. Neither will anything be gained 
towards a real betterment of conditions 
until we locate the remainder of the dollai. 
When you do it will be found in the hands 
of the landlords, who through the com¬ 
mission men, grocers and in every depart¬ 
ment of life, collect unearned toll. The 
groccryman who takes our potatoes and 
distributes them to the city dweller does 
a useful work. The same can be said of 
the milkman who distributes the milk. The 
same can be said of every 'middleman as far 
as he deals rightly. The one who makes 
all these useful agents also act as tribute 
takers for a useless member of society is 
the landlord. The millions of value of the 
real estate of New York are given to it 
by the fact that it stands as a tribute taker 
from the toilers of the earth, catching them 
coming and going. If people are in earnest 
in wanting to get all they earn (which will 
at last include giving to others all they 
earn), they might as well first as last go 
to the root of the matter, and object to any¬ 
one getting anything they do not earn. 
If they have not the courage to go to that 
length no permanent good can be accom- j 
pllshed. The farmers and the laborers earn ! 
$1 and get perhaps 50 cents. The land- 
owners of New York and elsewhere earn 
nothing and get 20 or 30 or perhaps 50 
cents. Do you think for a moment that 
the landlords can get as they do millions 
without labor and the farmers of the na¬ 
tion get what they earn? What one gets 
the others lose. You will find that the few 
dollars cheated by fraud agents are a mere 
bagatelle compared to the millions of tribute 
wrung from the willing tenant by holders 
of inside property over the country of 
which property farm property in shape of 
finished cotton goods, finished shoes, finished 
wrapped oranges, dried fruit, raisins, eggs, 
down to baled straw, pay rent in guise of 
profit. T. R. HOPKINS. 
Washington. 
The past season here has been a bad one 
for corn farmers, about one half a crop, 
and the fodder badly spoiled by continued 
rains. There is less hay, Timothy and 
clover, in the farmers barns than there has 
been for many years. Alfalfa growers have 
hay that is good. I am thinking of build¬ 
ing a silo and feeding silage to lambs in 
connection with Alfalfa. How will the 
combination work? 1 cannot find much in¬ 
formation on the subject. The cow and 
steer about have a monopoly, but think it 
can be tested. A 5% acre field of Alfalfa 
if all sold at the price a part of it was 
sold for, would have yielded $90 per acre, 
and the third crop the poorest in a period 
of 10 years. Had the third crop been 
normal the return would have been much 
over $100 per acre. Now that the crop 
can be cultivated with greater ease tahn 
a corn crop and kept clean of all grasses 
every farmer should grow some Alfalfa, 
Ross Co., Ohio. john m. jamison. 
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Don’t Give Up Yet. Try Once More 
H> 
GROW GOOD 
rUNDREDS of Fruit Growers think it is no use 
trying to grow peacheslunder the unfavorable 
conditions they are foreedjto meet, but they have not 
tried the right kinds yet. 
* Would you be afraid to try a fewtrees that do bear 
under far more unfavorable conditions than thous¬ 
ands of Rural readers who are going without peaches, 
would have to meet, if we took the risk ? Unless you 
live in one of the “ most peach-forsakenest ” sections 
of the country, we think we can help you get peaches. 
The trees will not cost you any fancy price either, and 
if they don’t live through the winter, or don’t give 
you fruit in 4 or 5 years, we will give you trees of 
other hardy fruits of your selection, to the full amount 
\ paid us. The varieties we offer are all well tested, 
and bear bushels, where Elberta, Champion, Fitzgerald, and the Crawfords don’t bear quarts, at 1600 feet 
elevation, 20 below zero. You ought to have a copy of our little 32-page Tree Book. It tells the truth 
about varieties and will open your eyes. We pay freight on trees to 5 distributing points. 
ISAAC C. ROGERS, 
Sales Manager 
The tl. B. MOREY NURSERIES, 
ISIo. 3 Morey five., DAIMSVILLE, ISI. V. 
500,000 FRUIT TREES 
FOR SALE 
All will be sold at about wholesale prices. This includes 
apple, pear, plum, peach and cherry trees. You can’t 
buy any better trees anywhere, no matter what you pay. 
They’re all northern grown, hardy, healthy, good bearers, 
true to name. 
Buy Your Trees Direct—Save Half Your Money 
We have no agents’ or solicitors’ expenses. We sell direct to the consumer 
only. Means a wonderful saving, and this money goes into the customer’s 
pockets where it belongs. We save you fully 
one-half on your trees, shrubs, vines and plants. 
SEND FOR GREEN’S FREE BOOK 
“Thirty Years With Fruits and Flowers” 
Tells how to plant, prune, graft and propagate 
fruits of all kinds. Also gives valuable informa¬ 
tion on shrubs and flowers. 
Ask for our 1912 Catalog 
GREEN’S NURSERY CO., Box 22 »Rochester, New York 
