19K2. 
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER 
121 
Deer and Fruit Crop. 
T. B. K., Newport, N. J .—Will deer eat 
strawberry vines, or eat or injure fruit 
trees, apple, pear or peach? If so, what 
will prevent the deer from eating them? 
A NS- —I never heard of deer eating 
strawberry vines, but I know they have 
ruined them by tramping in the bed. Re¬ 
garding apples, pears and peaches, will 
say that deer will eat all young shoots 
within reach. I have apple trees trimmed 
higli enough to drive team under and the 
deer have torn the bark off trees 10 
inches thick. It was evidently done by 
some buck, as it was done by the horns. 
[ fail to see how T. B. K. can set out 
a young orchard and have it thrive, it 
cannot be done here. I know of no way 
to prevent injury to fruit trees except to 
prevent the deer from going near a tree, 
and that is much easier said than done. 
Ocean Co., N. J. w. j. d. 
Taking Care of Fish. 
In answer to N. J., page 7, about how 
to feed young fish in a quarter acre 
pond, would say that unless his stock in¬ 
creases to many times his present num¬ 
ber he will not need to feed them at all, 
even when full grown. In a pond of 
that size he should produce a large 
amount of fish annually with the natural 
food the pond will produce. However, 
it will pay him to stock the pond with a 
few varieties of minnows, being care¬ 
ful to have no sticklebacks, sunfish, bull¬ 
heads or catfish among his minnows. 
At present he need not cut breathing 
holes through the ice, but if his pond 
should ever be overstocked a much bet¬ 
ter plan and one that will give pleasure 
as well as largely increasing the carry¬ 
ing capacity of his pond is to lay a large 
vitrified pipe, not less than 18 inches in 
size, from a point low enough so top of 
pipe will be two feet below water level, 
assuming that ice never becomes over 
two feet thick, carrying this pipe to a 
tank on higher ground. A simple con¬ 
crete tank will answer, and 3x6 feet or 
4x8 feet is a convenient size. Over this 
tank erect a low greenhouse with door 
to enter conveniently. He will find that 
the water level in the tank will be so far 
below ground level and so well protected 
from the cold that on very few days if 
any will ice form in the tank and the 
fish soon learn to travel back and forth 
and imagine they are in Florida. Have 
seen this done at Waukegan, Ills. In 
that case a much smaller pond than N. 
J.’s produced many thousands of gold¬ 
fish for sale annually. c. l. m. 
Having been fairly successful in the 
raising of fish in ponds for some time I 
will relate some of our experience in 
connection to the query of N. J. on 
page 7. Nearly all kinds of fish relish 
fresh meat cut into bits. Offal of beef, 
pork, chickens, etc., chopped into pieces 
of suitable size makes splendid food as 
does small portions of cornmeal mush. 
Very small doughballs made of graham 
tlour is an excellent food. In regard to 
feeding, we adhere to no fixed rule ex¬ 
cept it is not policy to feed too much 
at a time as it allows any remaining 
food to become washed and stale, the 
quantity of food depending to a great 
extent on whether the fish have any min¬ 
nows, etc., upon which to feed. It is 
well to give the fish an opportunity to 
get air if the pond continues to be frozen 
wer for a very lengthy period. Pre¬ 
caution should, however, be exercised if 
the weather be very cold that the small 
t'ish when they come up for air do not 
get frozen in the quick forming coat¬ 
ing of ice or should some of the fish be 
siezed by a playful spirit and leap out 
on the ice and be unable to return. I 
would suggest that N. J. in the Spring 
or early Summer when the fish have as¬ 
cended the creeks or small streams in 
his vicinity take a barrel or tank, a 
small net and a helper and procure a 
supply of live small fish of various 
kinds as food for his fish, carefully 
avoiding carp and suckers, as these feed 
upon the spawn of the better fish. Then, 
barring the advent of the mud turtle and 
other enemies of the finny tribe, he will 
find that his fish will require a small 
amount of attention and still be source 
of pleasure as well as of profit. s. l. 
Lime and Acid Soil. 
I was very much interested in the article 
on front page of November 11 issue, “The 
Chief Function of Lime,” by W. H. Bowker. 
He asks in regard to burned lime (caustic) 
“burning” up the humus. Can we “have' 
our cake and eat it too?” Of course we 
cannot, neither can a farm be cropped con¬ 
tinuously and the fertility be kept up 
without supplying a lot of vegetable matter 
to be converted into humus by the use of 
lime. Lime and humus are the foundation 
of a fertile soil. Nature supplied an 
abundance of both in some places, and was 
very stingy with one or both in other 
places, and the farmer who does not look 
well to the humus supply is not farming 
but robbing; even if lie is supplying all 
the various mineral plant foods, the humus 
will go, and with it fertility. Evidence of 
this kind of farming can be pointed out at 
various points in Pennsylvania and New 
York. Our experimenters would do well to 
use a little time to show the most ecoaonii- 
al way of supplying humus, and the neces¬ 
sity of more of it. 
In Mr. Johnston's article of August 2G 
he quotes the old saying “Lime enriches 
the father, and impoverishes the son.” I 
have seen a few such cases, and they prove 
just one thing, and that is that the father 
was not a farmer but a robber. A case in 
my neighborhood is a good illustration. 
This farm was held by one family for sev¬ 
eral generations. They limed and they 
cropped until they actually starved out. 
About 20 years ago a farmer took hold of 
it; he limed (burned limci and grew clover, 
and out of the proceeds paid for the farm 
and bought and paid for two other run¬ 
down farms in the neighborhood and is 
building them up in the same way. The 
first farm after 20 years (of burning the 
humus with caustic lime) is still improving, 
which would seem to indicate that if the 
son happened to be a farmer he could cor¬ 
rect what the father’s ignorance had done 
and that there is about as much in methods 
as there is in materials. 
Mr. Johnston seems to think ground lime¬ 
stone (carbonate of lime) is the only thing 
to use, and that 10 tons per acre will do 
no harm. Of course not. neither would so 
much sand, and on some kinds of soil the 
sand would be very beneficial. Ground 
limestone has been tested out on some 
kinds of soil, and it has given a good ac¬ 
count of itself. It has also been tested in 
parts of western Pennsylvania where it was 
not satisfactory, and the farmers who used 
it 25 or 30 years ago laugh when ground 
limestone is mentioned. These same farm¬ 
ers are using burned lime to-day. It is 
sometimes claimed that ground limestone 
is cheaper to apply, but when double freight 
and hauling is considered it usually costs 
much more to apply than burned lime. If 
a farmer is located near a mill and can get 
a good material at a. reasonable price and 
no freight to pay, it would probably pay 
him to try it, but for one so situated 
there are hundreds not so, and freight 
ranging from 50 cents to as much as $2 
per ton makes a lot of difference. On the 
other hand burned lime has been tested in 
a practical way on nearly every kind of 
soil in Pennsylvania. What it will do Is 
well known. 
Lots of farmers have been using burned 
or caustic lime 20 to 40 years. I can 
imagine the twinkle in their eye when they 
read the articles telling them how “dan¬ 
gerous” the stuff is they are using. The 
question of acidified soils, or soil made acid 
by the use of acid phosphate, referred to in 
both Mr. Bowker’s and Mr. Johnston's ar¬ 
ticles, is important. In some sections the 
general opinion is that acid phosphate will 
sour the soil, and it does, but the condi¬ 
tions under which it does so would seem 
to indicate very poor farming methods and 
not the fault of the material. Cases are 
known where farmers tried to farm with 
acid phosphate alone, using no lime where 
lime was actually deficient, and the results 
were such that now the material is blamed 
when the fault was in the man. At the 
experiment stations where the different ma¬ 
terials are tested out on separate plots, 
the plots where acid phosphate, land plas¬ 
ter (sulphate of lime) and sulphate of 
ammonia are used, all show acidity after a 
few years, which is only natural under the 
conditions. But when this information is 
handed to the public the proper informa¬ 
tion is not given with it, and farmers 
gather a wrong impression, which is an in¬ 
justice to the materials. Where lime is 
used this will not be the case, and there 
are very few places in the Eastern States 
where lime is not needed, and in many 
places needed much more than the farmers 
realize. 
In The R. N.-Y. of October 3. 1908, was 
published a report of the Ohio Experiment 
Station giving the increase per acre where 
the various materials and combinations 
were used, and a quotation from that table 
may not be amiss. Where lime alone was 
used the Increase was 786 pounds per acre; 
acid phosphate, muriate of potash and sul¬ 
phate of ammonia gave 800 pounds; acid 
phosphate, muriate of potash, sulphate of 
ammonia and lime, 2,970 pounds increase, 
which looks like a pretty good showing for 
the combination, and while the report did 
not give the condition of the soil, the last- 
mentioned plot would hardly be a good 
place to go to find acidity. Tillable land 
all over the country is gradually growing 
sour on account of the original lime sup¬ 
ply being used up by crops and leaching 
away in the drainage water. Some soils 
hold the original lime better than others, 
and it takes longer to exhaust them, but 
it is only a question of time until all will 
have to be limed to grow good crops. 
This being the case there is little need to 
worry whether acid phosphate and sulphate 
of ammonia has a tendency to sour the 
soil or not. The proper thing would seem 
to be to get on the right side of the lime 
question. J. S. s. 
Pennsylvania. 
No-Rim-Cut Tires 
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per cent to the tire mileage. 
Lately we made a comparison, based 
on cubic capacity, with five other lead¬ 
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And No-Rim-Cut tires, on the average, 
proved 16.7 per cent larger than the 
other tires of equal rated size. 
Only three tires out of 20 comparisons 
came within 10 per cent of our size. 
That means in air capacity, not in 
mere outer measurements. It is air that 
carries the load. 
Each one per cent oversize means one 
per cent extra carrying capacity. 
Oversize means to save blowouts—to 
increase the tire mileage—to cut down 
tire expense. 
And you get this oversize in No-Rim- 
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That is one of the reasons why these 
patented tires now far outsell any other 
type of tire. 
Adopted by 127 Leading Makers 
For the year 1910, 44 leading 
motor car makers contracted for 
Goodyear tires. 
For the year 1911, 64 makers 
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For this year we have contracts 
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We sold enough tires in 1911 to 
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Thousands of users told thou¬ 
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Save 
One-Half 
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No-Rim-Cut tires 
make rim cutting 
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With the old-type 
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tire—23 per cent of all ruined tires are 
rim-cut. That is proved by actual 
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A punctured tire may be wreck¬ 
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A soft tire may be wrecked with¬ 
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No-Rim-Cut tires save that ruin 
and worry. 
Then 10 per cent oversize, under 
average conditions, adds 25 per 
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It means an over-tired car to 
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the blowouts due to overloading. 
And No-Rim-Cut tires, as told 
above, average 16.7 per cent over¬ 
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These two features together— 
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No Extra Cost 
These patented tires used to cost 
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These tires which can’t rim-cut 
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You can get them by simply in¬ 
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THE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY, AKRON, OHIO 
Branches and Agencies in 103 Principal Cities. We Make All Kinds of Rubber Tires, Tire Accessories and Repair Outfits 
m. 
