129 
1912. 
THE RURA-I* NEW-YORKER 
SHORT TALKS ABOUT NURSERY TREES. 
When trees are put in storage for 
Winter can an,-expert tell them apart 
without the labelf 
Almost any experienced nurseryman 
can name varieties when they are stand¬ 
ing in the nursery row with their leaves 
on, for each variety has its own distinc¬ 
tive color and its own peculiar charac¬ 
teristics, unmistakable to the trained 
eye. Once they thev are stripped of 
their leaves and dug up, the chance of 
distinguishing them with accuracy is 
considerably reduced. Trees of the same 
variety raised in different sections of 
the country often do not appear alike 
at all, and the expert can only make a 
good guess as to what they are when 
the label is missing. There are some 
varieties, however, like the Kieffer pear, 
that even the amateur would seldom fail 
to identify. As an „ instance, on the 
other hand, of the uncertainty as to kind 
when nurserymen have to rely on the 
appearance of the trees, the following 
case may be cited: A grower delivered 
some trees to a retail nurseryman in 
a large nursefy centre. They were sup¬ 
posed to he Northern Spy. Now, the 
Spy in its make-up as a tree is quite 
distinct from Baldwin. An expert at 
the storage plant was assigned to grade 
these supposed. Northern Spys. It oc¬ 
curred to him when he had half finished 
his job that they did not look like 
Northern Spy,:and he reported the mat¬ 
ter. Another experienced man was 
called, and, after looking the trees over 
for some time, he concluded that they 
were Spy and that the grower had made 
no mistake. The tiling was investigated 
further, and it developed that the grow¬ 
er had dug the wrong kind and that the 
trees were Baldwin. Here is a case 
where it was a question about the two 
most important varieties of apple, and 
yet one expert was . in doubt and the 
other came to a wrong conclusion as to 
their true name. The same thing holds 
in regard to cherries. It is an easy mat¬ 
ter to tell Large Montmorency from 
Early Richmond in the nursery row, but 
let somebody mix up Early Richmond 
and Montmorency trees in the storage, 
and the chances of the keenest eye sep¬ 
arating them in all cases so as to be 
sure about it are extremely small. Eng¬ 
lish Morello is usually not as good a 
grower as either Large Montmorency 
or Early Richmond, but sometimes, 
when the soil is just right for them, the 
English Morello does as well as Mont¬ 
morency. Here, then, are three kinds 
of sour cherry and the most extensively 
planted that oftentimes so nearly resem¬ 
ble each other as to make their identifi¬ 
cation merely , a guess unless they are 
correctly labeled. Flemish Beauty pear 
has a dark red appearance and closely 
resembles Clapp’s Favorite, being some¬ 
what darker. These two kinds are often 
hard to distinguish, but it is easy to 
tell either of them from a Bartlett. On 
the other hand, Bartlett and Sheldon 
are so near alike that they could not be 
separated without some risk in many 
cases. The Japanese kinds of plums, 
such as Burbank and Abundance, are 
not easily mistaken, and there is no 
trouble at all in getting them separated 
from the European sorts. Shropshire 
Damson is easy to tell. German Prune 
has its characteristics, so has Lombard. 
Varieties of peaches are the hardest kind 
of all to pick out. There is no easy 
way of separating them once a mixture 
has been made. It may be possible with 
a very few kinds, but it could be rarely 
done with certainty. 
Here, then, is still another strong ar¬ 
gument in favor of patronizing the most 
honest and reliable nurserymen, and you 
should be willing to pay for such hon¬ 
esty. 
AN AIR PRESSURE HAND SPRAYER. 
In the issue of The It. N.-Y. of Decemlier 
30, on page 1231, J. B. B., Kent County. 
Mich., asks about an air sprayer of small 
size, suitable for use in small orchards. 
He wishes one so constructed that one per¬ 
son can do both the pumping and spraying, 
making it unnecessary to employ an extra 
hand while doing this work. As I have had 
considerable experience in both the con¬ 
struction and use of a sprayer operated by j 
compressed air perhaps I can offer some j 
suggestions that may be helpful to him. I 
hope, also, to be able to aid him to the j 
extent of so expediting his work that he 
may not feel he must trespass on the Lord's 
Day in doing liis spraying, as he seems to 
find it necessary- to do part of it on • Sun¬ 
day. 
It is doubtful if such a machine as J. B. 
-B. suggests is on the market. There was 
one made near here in a small way a few 
years ago which worked along similar lines 
to the one he suggests and which gave very 
good satisfaction, but the construction was 
faulty and it was short-lived. The prin¬ 
ciple seemed to be correct, however. It 
was only manufactured a short time. But 
if .T. B. B. will procure an ordinary range 
boiler such as is used with kitchen ranges, 
of 20 to 40 gallons capacity as he may 
desire, a double air compressor such as is 
used in garages for pumping up automobile 
tires and an ordinary two-wheeled hand 
cart suitable for the purpose he will be 
supplied with the main part of the ma¬ 
terial. Any ordinary plumber can assemble 
it for him, and the expense will be much 
less than he could buy such an outfit for 
if one were on the market. The range 
boiler will serve an excellent purpose for 
the tank, as they are strong, supposed to 
stand 200 pounds pressure. If there is oc¬ 
casion to use Bordeaux or copper sulphate 
in any form it should not be allowed to 
remain in the tank for any length of time 
and should be thoroughly rinsed out at 
once. In this way the tank will be dur¬ 
able, as the lime-sulphur has practically no 
effect on the metal. 
The tank should be laid horizontally on 
the cart with the compressor at one side 
and near the end so as to be convenient 
for working. By rocking the tank the 
liquid can be made to flow from end to end 
and so be kept properly agitated. Range 
boilers are usually made with one side 
opening, one opening in the bottom and two 
in the top end. These are threaded to re¬ 
ceive oixlinary iron gas pipe. The tank 
should be placed so that the side onening 
is up and a piece of pipe of the proper size 
reaching to the bottom of the tank be fas¬ 
tened in this opening with a bushing. This 
is for the discharge pipe, and it should ex¬ 
tend above the bushing sufficiently to re¬ 
ceive the hose coupling. The plumber will 
be able to make this connection. Tt should 
be so put together that the bushing can be 
unscrewed and allow vent while the tank is 
being filled. The tube from the compressor 
will attach to the opening in the bottom— 
or front end—of the tank, and nipples and 
an elbow inserted in one of the openings at 
the other end for pouring in the spray 
liquid. The other opening in this end 
should be plugged. Also a plug or cap 
should close the pipe used for filling while 
spraying is in progress. A check valve 
should be placed between the compressor 
and tank to prevent the liquid flowing back 
into the compressor. Not much ingenuity 
will be needed in making a suitable frame 
for attaching the tank and compressor to 
the cart. I should equip this outfit with 
1, r > to 20 feet of good, strong, %-inch hose 
ond an extension rod four to eight feet 
long, governed by the size of the trees to 
be sprayed, and for trees of any consid¬ 
erable size I should use two or three nozzles 
that are not too coarse. For small bush 
fruit a rod not more than two or 2% feet 
long with a single nozzle attached with an 
angle will be found convenient. 
If .T. B. B. will visit a garage and notice 
just how much muscle is required to pump 
up an automobile tire to 80 pounds he can 
judge of the sized compressor lie wants. If 
he fills the tank half full and then pumps 
the air up to 100 pounds, he would have 
about 50 pounds by the time the tank is 
sprayed out. This is hardly pressure 
enough to do good work, but it is not neces¬ 
sary to empty the tank with the one pump¬ 
ing. nor to pump the air to quite 100 
pounds, for it is easy to stop spraying and 
pump up more air as the work proceeds. 
Bart of the equipment should be a funnel 
of considerable capacity fitted with a fine 
gauze strainer for straining the spray 
liquid into the tank. A piece of gauze 
might also be put over the bottom end of 
the discharge pipe. If .T. B. II. cares to 
go to the trouble of assembling such a rig 
as this he will have one of the most con¬ 
venient and simple outfits in use. It will 
be durable and always in order, and if the 
pump cylinders are kept well oiled it should 
give him no trouble whatever. Tt will be 
found unnecessary to overhaul the pump 
and repack the plunger every Spring when 
it is taken out. and at intervals more or 
less frequent during the spraying season, 
as is the case with liquid pumps. We have 
four power spray rigs of different makes, 
and the one that gives least trouble is an 
air compressor made along precisely these 
lines, but driven witli a gas engine. ’ e. h. 
Allegan County, Mich. 
The Seeds ThatYield 
Are Sold by Field 
; you,face to face, 
thr ’ .. 
HENRY 
FIELDS 
1912 
CATALOG 
Let me meet 
this year, through Field's 
Garden Manual—telling facts 
about gardon-making that I’ve 
learned from years of contact 
withthesoil. For I’m a grower 
myself—I grew truck before I 
began to sell seeds, and I’ve had 
real experience in doing both for over twenty 
years, and this Garden Manual of mine tells what 
I’ve learned. 
Let’s Get Acquainted Through 
My Book and Uncle Sam’s Mail 
Out hero most live-wire farmers buy seeds of mo 
because they’ve learned that I sell good seeds. If 
you haven’t tried my seeds, I want you to do so 
this year, because I'm certain 
■KST _ . 4, you’ll keep on buying of mo if 
you'll keep on buying of mo _ 
you do. Don’t let distance stand 
in the way—Uncle Sam’s mails 
put us next door to each other, 
as it were. Just drop a card in 
the mail-box next time you pass 
it, and let’s get acquainted. 
HENRY FIELD, President 
Private Desk 26 
HENRY FIELD SEED CO. 
Shenandoah, Iowa 
T^JOW is the time to rid your trees of fungous enemies 
and give them a good start towafd bringing you a 
profitable yield. Spray this spring with 
^Spray Now for 
v Perfect Fruit 
,in the Fall 
ILECTRO 
Lime-Sulph ir 
Solution 
Obtain 
at least 
98% 
Perfect Fruit 
this year 
(CONCENTRATED) 
This is the best insecticide for San Jose Scale 
and all scale and sucking insects, and is also the best 
summer fungicide known. It is a clear, cherry- 
colored liquid, free from sediment, and we guarantee 
it to contain the highest percentage of soluble sul¬ 
phur — the killing agent. It meets the requirements 
of all State and Federal laws. 
Send at once for 
our FREE booklet 
“Spraying Simplified” 
and learn just when and how to protect your 
trees against all insects and fungous enemies. 
Its 68 pages are lull of valuable information 
for the farmer and small fruit grower A 
postal will do 
This is our 
Salesman 
with the one most re¬ 
liable remedy against 
the San Jose Scale. 
Spray NOW with 
BOWKER’S 
LIME-SULPHUR 
Write for Book and Price List to 
BOWKER INSECTICIDE CO. 
BOSTON, MASS. 
We ship also from 
Baltimore, Md. and Cincinnati, O. 
“CASH TALKS” 
The Fertilizer Materials Supply Co. 
FERTILIZER MATERIALS fo mW e 
AIL KINDS 
OF PURE 
aud 
V 1 ‘ 
for Hot-beds 
and Cold-frames 
Double-Glass 
Double Profits 
The old single layer hot-bed sash are better than 
none, but they must be covered; and boards, mats or 
shutters are pure waste. 
The new Sunlight Double Glass Sash with two 
layers of glass enclosing an air space, are 
Complete in Themselves 
They eliminate covers and half the labor; they admit 
all the light to store warmth in the bed and then save 
the warmth at night. They make plants strong and 
early. They double net profits. Every practical gar¬ 
dener or florist will sec the 
value of this. 
It is good business for you 
to get our free catalog. 
Write your address plainly 
and send it today. The hot¬ 
bed season is not far off. 
Prof. Massey’s booklet on 
Hot-beds sent for 4c. 
Sunlight Double Glass Sash Co, 
924 East Broadway, Louisville, Ky. 
The double layer of glass does it. 
Also complete Fertilizers for general .purposes, 
Special Mixtures of any grade made up to 
order, under buyer’s supervision 
80 Wall Street, New York ’Phone 3958 John 
SAVE HALF Your 
Paint Bills 
By using INGERSOLL PAINT— proved 
best by 66 years’ use. It will please you. 
Only Paint endorsed by the “Grange.” 
Made in all colors,—for all purposes. 
DELIVERED FREE. 
From the Mill Direct to You at Factory Prices. 
INGERSOLL PAINT BOOK —FREE 
Telia all about Paint and Painting f’r Durability. 
How to avoid trouble and expenae caused by paint* 
fading, chalking and peeling. Valuable information 
free to you. with Sample Oolor Cards, Write me. DO 
IT NOW. I can lave you money. 
0. W. Ingersoll, 246 Plymouth St., Brooklyn, N.Y. 
SPRAY TREES NOW 
(While they are dormant) 
With SCALIME 
A perfect concentrated lime and sulphur 
spray that lias stood the severest tests of the 
experiment stations. Strength guaranteed. 
Being scientifically prepared and always uni¬ 
form, it is far niore effective than home-made 
solutions. Stronger than other brands, it 
will stand more dilution—therefore cheaper. 
SCALIME used nowwill positively control San 
Jose and other scales; dostroy eggs of Aphidos 
and other posts that winter over on twigs and 
bark, as woll as spores of fungus diseases. 
Sold by good dealers everywhere. Write 
for loaf let on Fall and Winter Spraying. 
HORTICULTURAL CHEMICAL COMPANY 
131 S. Fourth St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
Ask about our 
Special January 
Discount 
/ 
Finely Ground—Easy to 
Handle—Needs no Slak¬ 
ing—Ready to Drill. . . 
L 
WHY pay $25 per 
ton for fertilizers 
when by using 
lime you can lib¬ 
erate the natural 
phosphates, ni¬ 
trates and potash 
locked up in the 
soil. 
WHY not raise 
Alfalfa by using 
lime and cut down 
your grain ration 
one-tliird. 
WHY not sweeten 
your sour soils and increase the yield of 
grain, cabbages, beets, clover and Timothy. 
Send for circulars, samples and prices 
THE SOLVflY PROCESS CO., Syracuse, New York 
LIME 
Patent 
Oct. 6 
PRUNING SAW 
Operates from ground. No breaking of limbs 
by climbing. No moving of ladders. No sawing 
of wrong limbs. Can reach topmost brunches and 
shape tree belter than by old methods. Will save its 
costin one day. Nothing to get out of order. Will last 
for years. Thousands in use. Recommended by all users. 
If your dealer can’t furnish it, write for full descriptive 
circular and prices. Satisfaction guaranteed. Address 
FRUITGROWERS’ SAW CO.. Scottsville, N. 
RHODES DOUBLE CUT 
Dept. 
Y 
’"THE only 
1 pruner 
made that cuts 
from both sides of 
the limb and does not 
bruise the bark. Made in 
all styles and sizes. We 
pay Express charges 
on all orders. 
Write for 
circular and 
prices. 
MODERN 
FRUIT, 
METHODS 
Modern Methods of Harvesting, Grading and Packing Apples” is a hook that should he in the hands of every orchardist 
who is desirous of getting the highest possible price for his apples. It illustrates and describes the Western methods of 
fruit packing. The fruit grower of the East is greatly indebted to his Western brother for showing him the great possibili¬ 
ties that lie in the fruit business, and if, with the great natural advantages of soil, rainfall and close proximity of market, 
he does not profit by this example, he has no one to blame but himself. 1 A postal request to Dept “N” will bring you by 
return mail, free, the above book and new booklet, “Scaleoide—the Tree-Saver.” If your dealer cannot supply you with 
“Scalecide” we will deliver it to any railroad station in the United States east of the Mississippi and north of the Ohio 
rivers on receipt of the price. 50-gallon barrels. $25.00; 30-gallon barrels, $10.00; 10-gallon cans, $0.75; 5-gallon cans. $3,75 
Address, B. G, Pratt Company, 50 Church Street, New York City. 
