J 
iyi2. 
IMPROVING THE BARNYARD. 
The average dairy farms, although well 
regulated, having good buildings, and 
using sanitary methods and up-to-date 
labor-saving appliances in too many 
cases have wet, muddy barnyards where 
there is barnyard liquid and water stand¬ 
ing several months in the year, making 
the barnyards ill-smelling and unsanitary 
in Summer and slippery and unsafe in 
Winter. Such barnyards are not only an 
eyesore to the premises, but are very 
disagreeable to all who have to work 
around them, and to put them in good 
shape takes plenty of time and labor. 
The ground is usually so rich and solid 
that water will not soak through, the 
centre of the yards are dished out by 
manure hauling and the tramping of the 
cattle (see Fig. 41), and the ground is 
higher on the outside than in the middle, 
consequently the liquid manure and 
water cannot drain off. 
Barnyards located where there is very 
little or no natural drainage may be 
greatly improved by digging a deep ditch 
THIS RURAL NEW-YORKER 
DITCH 
■/////// 
W////A 
'/// 
////, 
Cu/l 
DRAINAGE OF BARNYARD. Fig. 41. 
outside of the barnyard fence; dig to 
such a depth that the water will run out 
of the yard into the ditch through drain¬ 
age ditches under the fence between 
each fence post. They should go as far 
into the barnyard as necessary, as shown 
in big. 41. After rains or in Spring or 
Fall the drainage ditches may be opened 
with a hoe, if they should fill up; this 
will let the water out of the yard, where 
it might as well stand as inside. If the 
barnyard has any reasonable slope tile 
drainage is the most advisable; in a 
very filthy yard place tile about eight 
feet apart. Where conditions are not 
so bad they may be placed farther apart. 
Many yards would be greatly im¬ 
proved by grading with rock gravel and 
coarse sand. The mud and slush should 
be first removed out of the low places 
to a depth of eight inches or one foot, 
at least, so as to get a good, solid bot¬ 
tom; then cover the bottom with broken 
rock or large stone, fill up with smaller 
stone or coarse gravel to the desired 
height. Get the grade so it slopes away 
from the buildings. Coarse sand to the 
depth of two inches will make a good 
top coat for this, making a solid sur¬ 
face which can be easily leveled^ off. 
There may oe no two barnyards that can 
be drained alike. Each must be reme¬ 
died according to its own conditions. 
Where grading has failed ditches have 
done wonders, and vice-versa. G. P. 
Clarence, N. Y. 
Waterproof Oil Cement. 
It has been stated that a process has 
been invented for making cement work 
waterproof by mixing oil with the cement. 
Is there anything to this? 
Ans. —We were informed that Major 
Logan A. Page, of the Office of Public 
Roads, had invented such a process. The 1 
office sends us the following statement 
of facts: 
“It was found a year ago last October 
at this office that almost any oil could 
be mixed with Portland cement after it 
was thoroughly wet, the oil combining 
with the cement and quickly disappear¬ 
ing throughout the mixture. This was 
also found to be true of mortars and 
concretes. In adding the oil to mortar, j 
the cement, sand and water are mixed 
together as in ordinary mortar, the oil 
being the last ingredient added. Oil- 
mixed concrete is best made by mixing 
the cement, sand and water to a mor¬ 
tar, adding the oil to the mixture, and 
mixing until the oil is thoroughly in¬ 
corporated. This oil-mixed mortar is 
then combined with the previously 
moistened coarse aggregate. 
“Tests have been made on the com¬ 
prehensive strength of oil-mixed mor¬ 
tars and concretes in comparison with 
plain mortars and concretes. It has 
been found that although the addition 
of the oil causes a decrease in the 
strength, this decrease is not serious, 
with the addition of oils in amounts up 
to 10 per cent., based on the weight 
of the cement in the mixture. One-year 
tests in compression show that oil-mixed 
concrete gains in strength with time, 
this being true of both air and water- 
cured specimens. One-to-three mortar 
specimens cured in air and containing 
10 per cent, of oil have shown a strength 
of 1,500 pounds per square inch as 
against 1,600 pounds per square inch for 
the plain mortar specimens. Ten per 
cent, mortar specimens cured in water 
have shown a strength of 2,200 pounds 
per square inch as against 2,350 pounds 
per square inch for plain mortar speci¬ 
mens. The time of “set” of mortars 
and concretes mixed with oil is some¬ 
what delayed. The final “set” of neat 
cement mixed with 10 per cent, oil is 60 
per cent, longer than that of plain neat 
cement. It has been found that the ad¬ 
dition of 10 per cent oil renders 1:13 
mortar ^ impermeable under high pres¬ 
sure. The absorption is likewise de¬ 
creased. 
“Last May streets were constructed of 
oil-mixed concrete, one in New York 
City, one in Washington, and two bridge 
surfaces in Ridgewood, New Jersey. A 
few months ago a vault 105 feet long 
by 18 feet wide was constructed in the 
Treasury Department of this material. 
The top was a flat reinforced concrete 
arch and as sufficient tests in bond had 
not been made, ordinary concrete was 
used to surround the reinforcement. 
After it had set, three inches of a 10 
per cent, oil mixture was placed above. 
The vault has been perfectly waterproof 
under very trying conditions. A large 
water tank constructed in our labora¬ 
tory with a 10 per cent, oil mixture is 
absolutely waterproof. Extensive ex- 
peiiments made with oil concrete in 
basement floors have given excellent re¬ 
sults up to the present time. The oils 
that have been used to date have been 
non-volatile petroleums with flash points 
at least 350 degrees.” 
140 
“I spent a lot of money on that girl 
of mine to have ’er learn her pyrogra- 
phy, as she called it.” “Did she get on 
well with it?” “Can’t make a pie worth 
puttin’ in your mouth.”—Baltimore 
American. 
Farmer Soboss —“Well, there’s an¬ 
other lite’ry guy bought a farm back 
here, and gone to raising chickens. He’s 
got over a thousand of ’em!” Farmer 
Hardscrabble—“Gosh!! He must be a 
good writer to support so many hens 
as that!”—Puck. 
‘Dead or alive?” 'V ; 
Which has greater Igff 
Bj strength and resisting HT 
= power—a dead tree or §j 
a live one? f| 
Every man who an- jg 
swers that question right jj 
knows why Genasco p 
w 3 stays waterproof. The fg 
g' natiircil oils of Trinidad ||1 
^Lake asphalt pfiveB 
p n a 11 g 
Genasco its lasting life. 
_, Mineral or smooth surface. Sev- === 
egg eral weights. Genasco comes in rolls 
==g ready to lay—no experience needed. =~r~i 
m Ask your dealer for Genasco. Write 
= us for the illustrated Good Roof Guide 
= Book and samples—free. " ; =s 
| Ask for the Kant-leak Kleet pack- 
g= ed in the roll of smooth surface roof- . 
? ing. It makes the seams water-tight ! 
without cement, and prevents nail = 
fe leaks. 
^ The Barber Asphalt Paving Company 
= Largest producers of asphalt, and largest § 
= manufacturers of ready roofing in the world s 
Philadelphia 
New York San Francisco Chicagt}- 
It Pays 
to Clear 
Land 
WITH 
Red Cross 
Dynamite 
Thi^, upper view shows how 
groups of big stumps are blasted out 
clean at one time, with all dirt off 
the roots and stumps shattered into 
kindling wood. At the same time 
the subsoil is thoroughly broken up, 
creating a fine home "for the new 
crop. Lower view shows a celery 
crop worth $800 per acre ten months 
after stumps were blasted out. 
Booklet Free 
To learn how progressive farmers 
are using dynamite for removing 
stumps and boulders, planting and 
cultivating fruit trees, regenerating 
barren soil, ditching, draining, exca¬ 
vating, and road-making, write now 
for Free Booklet—“Farming with 
Dynamite, No. 30 ” 
DU PONT POWDER CO. 
PIONEER POWDER MAKERS OF AMERICA 
WILMINGTON, DEL. 
STAR 
WHEELBARROW 
SEEDER 
saves 
TIME 
LABOR 
and 
SEED 
T HIS is a high grade tool for the high grade farmer. 
Sow your grass seed when you’re ready. Never mind 
the wind. Satisfaction guaranteed or your moneyjbnck. 
If your dealer does not handle the STAR, write to 
STAR3SEEDER CO., Box R, Shortsville, N. Y. 
BUCKEYE 
Cultivators 
“The Buckeye— 
A Wise Buy.” 
The new Buckeye Culti¬ 
vator Catalogue should be 
in the hands of every 
farmer. It is the most 
comprehensive catalogue of 
the kind you have ever 
seen. Send for it. Read it, 
and then go to your local 
dealer and insist on seeing 
Buckeye Cultivators. 
The Buckeye Cultivator 
Line is complete, and you 
will find your own favorite 
style in it. 
Buckeye Cultivators have 
years of hard wear built 
into them. 
Buckeye Cultivators do 
the work for which they 
were intended, and they 
do it right. 
Buckeye Cultivators are 
sold under a warranty that 
means much to any pur¬ 
chaser. 
“The Buckeye mode of 
cultivation makes the 
best farms in creation.” 
TfeAmeiicanSeedimMachinela. \ 
In coR/>ofMrcp 
3j)VingfieCdOhio,USA. 
GROW BIGGER CROPS! 
Hold the moisture in your soil; make more plant 
food available; save both from weeds. Better 
cultivation will do it, and make your field out- 
yield one naturally more fertile. Best cultivation 
is done with Iron Age Cultiva- “ “ 
tors. They are adjustable 
to all conditions—hill 
land, wide or narrow 
rows, different crops in 
same row, one or two 
rows; pivot or fixed 
wheel, break pin or 
spring hoe, or spring 
tooth styles; sand and 
dust-proof hub ; re-en¬ 
forced double point - ---- 
shovels; perfectly balanced. Built to work and 
last. Don't buy any cultivator until you have 
seen the Iron Age. Ask your dealer to show it. 
Backed by 76 years’ experience. Write for 
special booklets. Complete line of farm, garden 
and orchard tools. 
BATEMAN M’F’G CO., Box 102 'Grenloch, N. J. 
14 More Water S/by t 
“American" Centrifugal Pump 
than by others because the impeller 
is accurately machined to the casing, 
preventing any sudden 
change in direction 
of the water. Not 
an ounce of power 
is wasted. Every 
‘American” Cen¬ 
trifugal absolutely 
guaranteed. 
Write for new 
catalog. 
THE AMERICAN WELL WORKS 
Office and Works, Aurora, IH. 
First Nations! Bank Building, CHICAGO 
Sea Green 
SEA GREEN AND PURPLE SLATE 
13 nature’s own product—not man made. Quarried from solid rock—snlit into 
convenient form for laying, and then in its natural state ready for the roof 
SOUO ROCK CANNOT WEAR OUT It can’t burn rust, 
warp, crack, tear, or decay. That’s why Sea Green or Purple Slate Roofs 
never wear out and never require painting and repairing like all other roofing. 
Sea Green or Purple Slate Roofs are suitable for any building, new or old 
Give perfect protection. Reduce insurance rates because spark and fire-proof" 
Afford clean cistern water. Not affected by heat or cold. First cost—only a 
trifle more than short lived roofing. Settle your roof question for all time 
mone y for Poor roofing. Write to us for our free book 
ROOFS —it will save you money. Give name of your local roofer. Write today. 
AMERICAN SEA GREEN SLATE CO. 
Box, iiO Granville, N. Y. 
Purple Slate 
Roofs 
Never 
Wear 
Out 
heEasvLoud 
The harder you work the Louden Hay Carrier and the 
heavier you load it, the better it shows up. You can’t 
break it down—years of hard service won’t send the 
LOUDEN HAY CARRIER 
to the repair shop. It lasts a lifetime. Itslockhas a 
square catch and cannot possibly wedge or fail to work. 
The powerful wheel arms will never spread. All twist 
and kink are let oat of the rope by owr simnle patented 
ropeswivel, the only successful swivel on the market. Won’t bind 
on the track, has adjustable stops. 
The Louden Balance Grapple Fork is the best fork ever built. Will 
handle dry clover, alfalfa or thrashed straw where all others fail. 
The Louden Hay Carrier and Louden Grapple Fork will work 
in any barn and handle all kinds of hay with more satisfaction 
than any others. See them at your dealer’s—if he does not have 
them, write us. 
Send for catalog of complete barn and cow stable fixtures— 
Hay Carriers, Door Hangers, Litter and Feed Carriers, Cow 
Stalls, Cow Stanchions etc.—also our FREE BOOK on the 
value of manure and how to care for it. /n, 
LOUDEN MACHINERY CO., ^ 
801 Broadway, Fairfield, Iowa. 
