lets 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
February 10, 
FARMERS’ CLUB 
[ Every query must be accompanied by the 
name and address of the writer to insure 
attention. Before asking c. question, please see 
whether it is not answered in our advertising 
columns. Ask only a few questions at one time. 
Put questions on a separate piece of paper.) 
High-Grade Fertilizers. 
J. D. S., New York .—1 notice that some 
writers advocate high-grade fertilizers only ; 
is not that largely a question of conditions? 
In this section—a dairy section—the phos¬ 
phoric acid and potash seems to supply what 
the grain-fed stable manure lacks and good 
results are obtained. For instance, I have 
known of two cases where a 4-8-7 formula 
was used to grow potatoes, with German 
kainit at one-half the price; the 4-8-7 gave 
a lot of tops and the kainit gave the most 
potatoes. But don't put the kainit right 
on the seed or it will never come up. 
Ans. —Yes. It is largely a matter of 
condition. Where all three elements are 
needed we should always buy high-grade 
goods. The higher the grade the less 
the cost of handling and freight, and 
also the cheaper the plant food. Where 
only two elements are needed, why not 
use the chemicals? Our advice is always 
to use high-grade goods unless you 
know that one or more elements are 
present in abundance. If, after experi¬ 
menting, you learn that nitrogen may be 
left out of a fertilizer when clover is 
plowed under, it is economy to use pot¬ 
ash and phosphoric acid. In the case 
mentioned where kainit gave such good 
results, the great need of the soil was 
potash, and muriate would have been 
cheaper than kainit. 
Renting and Sharing Land. 
E. W., Ashby, Muss. —1. What would be 
a fair price to pay for rent for one acre 
of land in fair condition? There is some 
stone to be picked up and carted away. I 
am to put on at least 1000 pounds of fer¬ 
tilizer and give good cultivation. 2. Give 
me some plan for planting one acre to corn 
and potatoes at halves. 3. What would be 
the most suitable thing to plant for a hedge 
in front of a residence and under maple 
trees, distance between house and hedge 30 
feet, distance from ljedge to trees six feet? 
—1. You do not say if the land is 
in sod or not. If so, and it will produce 
two tons of good Timothy hay, $20 would 
be cheap enough. In this town some 
land was rented at $5 per acre, but the 
grass was pretty well run out; that was 
last season. The rental value here de¬ 
pends upon its natural fertility, location, 
freedom from stone, etc., for some land 
is hardly worth cultivating at any price. 
2. This also is a matter for the parties 
to decide upon, or leave it out to some 
one both have confidence in and who 
knows all the circumstances. I tried a 
partnership once on potatoes, and fur¬ 
nished land and fertilizer; have no de¬ 
sire to try it again. 3. The American 
arbor vitae is the best as far as I know 
for this section, but it will be hard to 
grow a good even hedge if the trees are 
large. Why put a hedge in front of a 
dwelling house anyway? M. 
Alfalfa in Pennsylvania. 
D. A. M., Franlclin, Pa .—I have about 
three-fourths of an acre I would like to 
sow to Alfalfa. It was in corn last year, 
and was kept very clean of weeds. On 
July 4 last my corn (Livingston Golden 
Surprise) was nine inches higher than I 
could reach, which would be about eight 
feet three inches. Now, by plowing this 
ground early and top-dressing and harrow¬ 
ing in stable manure and lime, say 10 loads 
of manure and one ton of lime, will the 
ground be in condition for the Alfalfa seed 
to be sown with Spring barley, or can you 
give me a better plan how to work and how 
to seed? 
IF. R., Hooversvillc, Pa .—I would like to 
start a new field of Alfalfa ; started one two 
years ago with good success until last Sum¬ 
mer I put on wood ashes; it started Tim¬ 
othy and crowded the Alfalfa and killed it. 
1 have a good field, well manured. 50 
bushels of lime and about 600 pounds of 
tankage to the acre. We had Eureka corn 
in these fields and raised about 100 bushels 
of corn to the acre. I shall start about 
two acres of this field in Alfalfa: for more 
crop will take barley. I would like to 
know whether we have to relime it again 
and what kind of fertilizer and how much 
to the acre. 
Ans.— In both these cases the ground 
seems in good condition for Alfalfa, and 
the men seem to have the spirit to do 
the right thing. In the case of W. R., 
he would better take some ground tried 
before, for there surely were some bac¬ 
teria from first crop now in the ground. 
A large majority of reports of this crop 
in Pennsylvania are for Fall seeding; 
also that it is in no need of a nurse 
crop or rather a robber crop to take 
moisture and fertility. The conclusions 
are: Plow ground for early potatoes 
or oats and peas for hay; give all the 
cultivation possible if oats and peas. 
Sow one bushel peas, two bushels oats, 
and harvest early and plow as soon as 
possible. Work every four to six days, 
if early potatoes do not plow, for 
ground will be firm underneath, yet fine 
and loose on top. With the manure and 
lime these inquirers expect to put on 
land this Spring, then with this tillage 
and a light application of fine ground 
bone and potash, 200 pounds bone, 75 to 
100 pounds potash, with good seed, 
everything on hand and ready to take 
advantage of the first shower in August, 
this ought to get results. Write Penn¬ 
sylvania State College for Circular No. 
4, “Alfalfa;” Circular No. 3, “Use of 
Lime.” x. 
Handling An Old Sod. 
L. M. F., Canton, Mass .—I have a grass 
field of five acres that has been cut for 
about seven years; had been previously 
used for garden, and heavily manured. I 
have owned it for about four years. Last 
year crop was light, partly due to drought 
and partly to being acid. I failed to get 
a team last Fall to plow it. Soil sandy 
mixed with fine silicate. I have manure 
of two cows and one horse that I can use 
except some I shall need for garden, say 
about half. What treatment can 1 give 
it in the Spring to increase my hay crop, 
which I must have? Would it he advisable 
to turn it over in the Spring, and sow 
Japanese millet, and apply some manure 
and fertilizer and seed? Could 1 apply 
dressing without plowing, and harrow it in 
with advantage? 
Ans. —It is always hard to answer 
such a question directly. If we under¬ 
stand the situation in all its lines this 
is what we should do: Select half of 
the best grass and let it stand. Early 
in Spring put on 500 pounds per acre 
of a good top-dressing. This will give 
some hay if the grass has a fair start. 
Plow the other half early after spread¬ 
ing what manure you have on the sod. 
Work the soil up well with a disk or 
spring-tooth, and seed to oats and Can¬ 
ada peas, as often described in The R. 
N.-Y. Cut and cure this crop about 
July 1 and plow or disk and sow Jap¬ 
anese millet with any manure you may 
have. Cut the millet in September, 
fit the land and sow rye with grass seed, 
using fertilizer and lime. On the other 
half of the field cut the grass and then 
plow the sod and sow corn fodder thick 
in drills. Give good culture, cut before 
frost and seed to rye, either in the 
standing corn or just after cutting. This 
will require considerable work and ferti¬ 
lizer, but with a reasonable season it 
will give a good lot of fodder and fit the 
land for re-seeding. The chances are 
that soil is badly in need of lime. 
Concrete Work in Cold Weather. 
G., Butler, N. J .—Will frost injure new 
foundations put up in cold weather? Would 
it be advisable to go ahead with the frame¬ 
work. or is there a possibility that the 
foundation frozen hard now, will thaw and 
probably collapse in warm weather? Ce¬ 
ment used five to one gravel, filled in with 
stone. What would you advise? me to do? 
The foundation is 26x20 feet for residence. 
Ans. —As a general thing, it is not ad¬ 
visable for the average man to attempt 
to build with concrete duri. g the cold 
weather, or even when the thermometer 
indicates freezing at any time. If such 
work must be done, the sand, gravel and 
stone should be heated and the mixing 
done with hot water. Moreover, the 
concrete must be covered so as to keep 
in this heat until the cement is set up. 
Successful concrete construction has 
been done without such precautions but 
more generally such work is a failure. 
The freezing, and later thawing, causes 
the concrete to go to pieces and to spall 
off, especially on the outside of founda¬ 
tion work to the depth to which the 
freezing penetrated. For a foundation 
which, when built, froze immediately, 
and has remained frozen, it is best to 
cover the same up with materials which 
will prevent the thawing of the concrete 
and will keep it frozen for two or three 
weeks or as long as possible. In this 
way the concrete will set up frozen and 
will often gain such strength that when 
the frost does leave it, there will be no 
ill effects. The proportion of one part 
“Portland cement to five parts gravel is 
correct for ordinary foundations. 
p. H. W. 
GROW TIMBER 
IT WILL PAY BIG 
Where’s the lumber for the 
world’s use to come from pretty 
soon if farmers don’t start growing 
timber ? The great forests are 
going, and merchantable timber 
will soon be exhausted. The farmer 
who has land which produces less 
than $30 per acre can make a lot 
more than that by planting to 
timber now against the coming day 
of big demand and small supply. 
FACTS ABOUT TIMBER 
TREES—FREE 
We make a specialty of forest 
tree seedlings with our Evergreens. 
Our 1912 Planter’s Guide tells 
all about growing them. They will 
thrive on hillsides and in ravines— 
putting to use waste land. Send 
today for free copy of book and 50 
Bargain offers. Don’t put it off— 
plant some trees this spring sure. 
^ D. Hill Nursery Co., Inc. 
Evergreen Specialists 
Walnut St. DUNDEE. ILL. 
RELIABLE 
FRUIT TREES 
We do not ask for your orders 
simply because we are one oi the 
oldest nursery firms in the business 
or because we are the largest in this 
section of the country. But we do ask 
your business cm the merits of our trees 
and plants—the best and most reliable that 
money can buy. Our long experience and 
success is your guarantee that our pro¬ 
duct and prices are right. 
Send a postal today for our practical 
Booklet. It boils down for your benefit 
what we have learned daring thirty years’ 
experience in growing fruit. 
BARNES BROS. NURSERY CO. 
Box 8, Yalesville, Conn. 
TheseTwo Free Books Give 
Valuable Hiii ts on Planting 
When buying any article of commerce, 
one must depend almost entirely upon the 
seller. He must be able to inspire confi¬ 
dence, must show that he knows his busi¬ 
ness and, above all, prove that he is honest. 
This is even more applicable to our line 
of business than any other. Why take 
any risk? Why not deal direct and at real 
cost? We 
have been 
in business 
58 years, 
have 1,200 
acres and 
47 green- 
h o u s e s . 
Everything 
in Fruit and 
Ornamental 
Trees, Evergreens. Roses, Shrubs, Vines, 
Bulbs, Flower and Garden Seeds. Satis¬ 
faction guaranteed. 
Wrifp TftHav for onr 16 %P a ge Catalog 
Time luuay No> 2> or ^ Fruit and 
Ornamental Tree Catalog No. 1; both free. 
THE ST0RRS & HARRISON GO. 
Box692 Painesville, Ohio (46) 
■Jfrl 
Leading rosea shown in natural colors. 
Catalog is up to date—offers the cream of 
the world’s roses—also new free delivery 
offer. Also contains “How to Crow 
Roses,” "Hose Lover’s Calendar” 
and list of best roses for yoor Climate. 
The ConardS Jonas Co.. Box 4, West Grove, Pa. 
Rose Specialists — so pears' experience 
Rosts. 
rron 7g 
wswj 
Call’s Nurseries, 
Perry, 
Ohio 
Have a Large Stock of the finest Fruit, 
Shade and Ornamental Trees, Spray 
Pumps, Spraying Solutions, and Gasoline 
Fngines. Deal Direct. Prices Low. 
Send for Price List. 
BRAND' 
gPRMWG 
ATERIALs 
Millions of Dollars Arc Lost Annually by 
Fruit Growers, Because They Do Not Spray 
Persistently With Properly Made Sprays 
BLANCHARD’S 
LION BRAND 
INSECTICIDES & FUNGICIDES 
ARE THE STANDARD OF THE WORLD 
Stronuest— Purest—Most Effective—Safest to Use 
Destroy Every Known Insect Pest and Fungus 
Disease of Fruit Trees; Save the Trees and 
Insure Larger Crops of First Quality Fruit 
‘ ‘LION BRAND” LIME-SULPHUR SOLUTION 
For Sail Jose Scale particularly, and the only Spray 
that destroys Scale and does not injure Trees. Ready 
for uso, and more economical than home-made. 
“LION BRAND” BORDEAUX MIXTURE 
prevents Blight, Mildew, Rot, etc., from destroying 
Potatoes, Beans, Peas and Melons; keeps spots and 
specks off Apples, Peaches and other fruit, ami makes 
crops surer and far larger. One gallon to 49 of Water. 
“LION BRAND” PURE PARIS GREEN 
contains absolutely not a particle of filler or adulter¬ 
ant of any sort. Accepted the world over as the 
standard. 
“LION BRAND” ARSENATE OF LEAD 
The stickiest arsenate made. Preferable for Codling 
Moth, Ourculio, Elm Leaf Beetle and Chewing Insects 
of all sorts, on trees, shrubs, vines, bushes and vege¬ 
tables, where it is desirable that the poison remain 
longer on the foliage than is possible with other in¬ 
secticides. Does not burn the most delicate foliage. 
We Also Make Many Other Specialties 
Something to destroy every injurious insect, and 
protect trees and plants from all fungus disease. 
We are the largest and oldest manufacturers of In¬ 
secticides and Fungicides in the World—in this 
business exclusively 23 years. We publish a 
FREE SPRAYING BOOKLET 
a copy of which we shall be glad to send you. 
Write For It To Nearest Office 
Blanchard'8 Products are sold by dealers and agents 
evcrywhere.or direct if your dealer cannot sujyplu you 
THE JANIES A. BLANCHARD CO. 
554 Hudson Terminal 555 Broad Street 
NEW YORK ST. JOSEPH, MICH. 
Factories—New York and St. Joseph 
NURSERY STOCK 
HIGH GRADE—VARIETIES TRUE 
NO DISEASE 
Freight paid to your station. Full value for 
your money and satisfaction, guaranteed. 
Write at once for New Descriptive Price List. 
NEW HAVEN NURSERIES 
Dept. B, New Haven, Missouri 
f p A p c L H E TREES 
-TV L 1 J-/ J-/ Two Cents and Up 
Also Plum, Cherry, Pear, Grape Vines, etc. Ornamentals. 
STRAW BERRY I* LAN TS 
SILVER MAPLE TREES 
Wo travel no agents hut sell direct to planters. 
Write for FREE Catalogue and save 75 per cent. 
TENNESSEE NURSERY COMPANY, Box 21, Cleveland, Tenn, 
Trees at Wholesale Prices 
We have no agents. Weselldirectonly. Youpay 
s about half what agents charge and get trees 
guaranteed to be healthy and true to name. 
We Prepay Freight 
Onordersamountingto$7.50netorover.We 
grow Apple, Peach, Pear, Plum, Cherry, 
Quince, Shade and Ornamental trees. 
Also shrubs, berry bushes, and plants. See 
exceptionally low prices in.1912Catalog P 
Wm. P. RUPERT & SON, Box 20 Seneca, N.Y.^f 
fper cent. All stock of high quality, and grown in Dans 
I villo, “Home of the Best Trees," where scale is unknown. 
12 APPLE TREES, SI.00. 
2 Duchess, 2 Baldwin, 2 Bon Davis, 
2 Northern Spy, 2 Greening, 2 Winter Banana. 
[All fine 2-year, well-matured trees; given most careful 
| scrutiny in propagation. True to name or money back. 
| Write for free catalog of other bargains and complete line. 
Ubeilljrtlros^bujserleSj^lOO^lelll^irtj^lansTlllt^yfj 
FRUIT 
TREES 
Fresh Dug Western N. Y. Trees. 
Apples, Pears, Cherries, Plums, Peaches, 
Small Fruits, Shrubs, Roses, etc. Best 
Trees. Best Prices. Write for FIIKE C»t. 
THE FRUITLAND NURSERIES 
'j. pnoft 303 Wlnton Road. Rochester, N. Y. 
FRUIT TREES 
B. JS. WIDEY «fc SOIST, 
For a Quarter of a Century we have been repre¬ 
sented on this page, we again call your attention 
to OUR DEPENDABLE BRUIT TRICES, 
Our values are good because our trees are 
reliable and will cause you no disappoint¬ 
ment. Free catalog mailed on request. 
Box 33, Cayuga, KT. Y. 
FRUIT TREES 
800,000 APPLES 
675,000 PEACH 
We grow what trees we sell direct to the planter from bearing or¬ 
chards at wholesale prices which are 75% less than you pay agents and dealers. 
Every Tree as Represented and Guaranteed True to Name. 
Free from San Jose Scale, fresh dug, the best for orchard planting and personal 
attention given each order. Everybody write for free illustrated catalogue. 
Established 20 years; 250 acres; capital §00,000. 
! MALONEY BROS. & WELLS CO. 
Box lO 
Dansville, N- Y. 
Peach Buns at New Brunswick, N. 
J.—An examination of the peach buds 
at the College Farm January 26, showed 
considerable injury to the more tender 
varieties. Carman and Greensboro still 
have at least 90 per cent, alive. At least 
80 per cent, of the buds of Elberta at 
the College Farm are already dead. 
Horticulturist. M. a. blake. 
Apple, Peach and other Fruit Trees, Grape Vines and Small 
^Fruit Plants, Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, and Hardy Rosesv. 
All Clean, Hardy Northern Grown Stock 
Wo have for years been supplying the best and most successful fruit growers in the country. 
Our trees and plants are conceded by all to be the best of the best. Send for a catalwjue. 
T. B. WEST, Maple Bend Nursery Box 138 PERRY, OHIO 
