10« 
THE; RURAt) NKW-YORKEH 
February 17, 
TOMATOES AND CANNERY REFUSE. 
IV. E. II., Snow Hill, Md .—Tomato can¬ 
neries are contracting here at $10 to $11 
per ton, the highest price offered for years. 
Is there anything in the common belief 
that the tomato is an improving crop to the 
land, showing in any cropi that follows and 
if so to what is this improvement due? 
1 am offered the refuse from a cannery, 
consisting largely of skins and seeds. What 
fertilizing value has it, how would you use 
it, in what amounts and on what crops? 
Has it a feeding value for hogs, poultry 
or cows in milk? 
Ans.—A t the prices the canners are 
now offering for tomatoes the crop 
should be a profitable one to those who 
grow them well. But while, with good 
soil and good culture it should be easy 
to make 10 or 12 tons an acre of 
tomatoes, I doubt if the average crop 
here is over four tons. Even at present 
rates there is little profit in so small a 
crop. The usual way of growing the 
plants is simply to sow them in the open 
ground and pull and transplant directly 
to the field from the seed bed a lot of 
spindling, crowded plants that take 
weeks to get fairly started. If the grow¬ 
ers would start their plants early under 
glass in cold frames and transplant them 
once in frames to get strong for setting, 
the later frames could be merely cov¬ 
ered with cloth as a protection. Then 
they would have stout plants that will 
come up with a mass of earth and will 
grow right off, and the crop will come 
on earlier, and if the canners do not 
open as early as the fruit is ripe the 
first ones will bring a far better price 
sold on the market. As things are now 
managed there is no fruit ready for the 
canners till August, while it ought to 
be ready in early July. There is no 
doubt that the tomato crop well grown 
will leave the soil in better condition, 
because the crop should have extra good 
fertilization to make a good crop, and 
when well grown there is a large amount 
of vegetable matter on the soil from 
the growth of the vines. A still fur¬ 
ther improvement to the land can be 
made by sowing Crimson clover all over 
the plot of tomatoes in late August so 
that there will be a Winter cover on the 
land. Then in Spring that clover can 
be turned under with the dead tomato 
vines for corn, and will make a good 
crop. The important matter in our 
light soil here is always to have a green 
Winter cover on the land, and if all the 
tomato fields, cantaloupe and water¬ 
melon fields were sown to Crimson 
clover it would be found that all these 
truck crops aid in the improvement of 
the productivity of the soil for other 
crops. 
Now as to the waste from the canning 
factory. If this is spread thickly on the 
soil at once it will create acid condi¬ 
tions unfavorable to many crops and 
especially to the clover. But if the to¬ 
mato waste is piled in layers and each 
layer covered with lime in the Fall, the 
mass can be chopped down and turned 
late in Winter, and will be in excellent 
condition for corn or sweet potatoes. 
A ton of the tomato refuse will contain 
about three pounds of nitrogen, one 
pound of phosphoric acid and five 
pounds of potash. A ton of tomato 
vines and roots will contain 13.2 pounds 
of nitrogen, 2.6 pounds of phosphoric 
acid and 15.8 pounds of potash. All 
these the plants have got from the soil 
and will simply be returned there, while 
the fruit sold carries off less of the 
fertilizing elements than are left in the 
refuse and vines and roots. The benefit 
to the soil then comes from the manur¬ 
ing necessary to make a good crop, and 
the humus-making material in the vines 
and refuse, for there will always be left 
a very considerable amount of tomatoes 
that are unmarketable from various 
causes. It is my opinion that the crop 
should be grown with commercial fer¬ 
tilizers rather than stable manure, for 
if stable manure is used there will be 
such a heavy growth of crab grass and 
crow-foot grass that the crop will be 
shortened thereby. But it is an error to 
grow the crop with a little fertilizer in 
the hill only, for the tomato roots run 
far and wide and a large amount of the 
fertilizer should be used broadcast. The 
high grade fertilizer so commonly used 
by truckers here, the 7-6-5, is not prop¬ 
erly constituted for tomatoes. A mix¬ 
ture of 900 pounds of 16% acid phos¬ 
phate, 100 pounds of nitrate of soda, 600 
pounds of fish scrap and 400 pound's of 
sulphate of potash will make a better 
fertilizer for tomatoes, as the soil here 
and the crop both call for liberal 
amounts of potash and this will run 
about 4-8-10. Three hundred pounds of 
this in the furrows and 300 pounds 
broadcast at setting time will make a 
good crop of tomatoes. Then, another 
thing that is commonly neglected by our 
growers is spraying. I have seen field 
after field badly affected with the leaf 
blight (Cladiosporum fulvum), and this 
certainly shortens the crop and exposes 
the tomatoes to getting sunburnt. Spray 
in the seed bed and then every 10 days 
in the field till the tomatoes are half 
grown with Bordeaux mixture. 
Maryland. w. f. massey. 
Problem of Forcing Water. 
R. II. M., Cumberland, Md .—I wish to 
take water out of my cistern, 10 feet deep, 
and force it 450 feet with a rise of 50 feet 
in above distance to another cistern, then 
draw the water to supply my house from 
same pipe that I force it up in. Let me 
know your opinion as to the best and 
cheapest outfit to install. I have a gaso¬ 
line engine (five horse power), also a 
steam boiler (25 horse power), situated so I 
can easily pipe steam. How much, approx¬ 
imately, should pump and pipe cost? 
Ans. —In order to pump water from 
the bottom of your lower cistern to the 
upper one, the water must be raised 60 
feet. This cannot be done by suction, 
as atmospheric pressure is equivalent to 
a column of water only 34 feet high, ap¬ 
proximately. A force pump must there¬ 
fore be used, the size of the pump and 
of the pipe depending upon how many 
gallons of water per minute you wish 
delivered to the upper cistern. The or¬ 
dinary sink faucet in a city house when 
wide open delivers about four gallons 
per minute. In order for your pipe to 
deliver that amount, use a lj^-inch suc¬ 
tion from the bottom of the first cistern, 
placing the pump near the edge of the 
cistern, and use a one-inch discharge 
pipe to the upper cistern. This is the 
cheapest piping arrangement. 
A pump having a piston of 2^-inch 
diameter and four-inch stroke running 
at 50 strokes per minute will deliver 
nearly four gallons of water per minute 
to the upper cistern, and will require a 
little over one-tenth of a horse power 
to run it at that speed. Such a pump 
could be operated by hand, if sufficient 
leverage is used. Any pump of the 
above dimensions which is strong 
enough to withstand a pressure of 31 
pounds per square inch will do. By in¬ 
creasing the speed, more water will be 
pumped, of course, and more power will 
be taken, but it is not advisable to use a 
speed much over 75 strokes per minute 
with as small as one-inch discharge 
pipe as long as 450 feet. The speed of 
75 strokes will give very nearly six 
gallons of water per minute. Such a 
pump can be procured for about $10, 
new, while iron pipe one-inch diameter 
costs new five cents per foot, and V/ 2 - 
inch iron pipe costs new about eight 
cents per foot, depending on market 
conditions. Similar galvanized pipe costs 
about seven cents and 11 cents respec¬ 
tively. Shipping weight of one-inch pipe 
is 1 Yi pound per foot, while lj^-inch 
pipe weighs 2-)4 pounds per foot. Good 
second-hand pipe may be purchased at 
half of the above rates, and such a 
quantity of new pipe may carry some 
discount from the prices given. If you 
connect your house pipe with the pipe 
between the cisterns, it might be well 
to have a check valve in the main pipe 
below the point of connection of the 
house pipe to prevent the water running 
from that pipe back to the lower cistern 
if the pump is disconnected for any rea¬ 
son. The whole installation between the 
cisterns, including the pump, will be 
about $35 if you do the work yourself. 
One of the small gasoline pumps will 
cost $60 or more in addition. 
The Flood-Like Advance of 
No-Rim-Cut Tires—10 Per Cent Oversize 
This is what happened when men proved that tire 
bills could be cut in two: 
In 1907 we sold 28,685 tires. 
In 1908 we sold 51,542 tires. 
In 1909 we sold 105,127 tires. 
In 1910 we sold 210,762 tires. 
In 1911 we sold 409,521 tires. 
That’s pneumatic automobile tires alone. 
So far this year the demand has run three times 
that of 1911. 
This is what happened when motor car makers 
made their final comparisons: 
44 makers in 1910 contracted for Goodyear tires. 
64 makers for 1911 — 
127 makers for 1912. 
And these makers are experts on tires. 
No-Rim-Cut tires now far outsell any other make. 
And the demand is six times larger than two years 
ago. It’s the coming tire. 
Are All These Men Mistaken? 
Note how that demand doubles 
every year—grows and grows with 
increasing experience. 
Today—after 900,000 have been 
tested out—the demand is growing 
faster than ever. 
Yet for years these tires cost one- 
fifth more than other standard 
tires. Now they cost but an equal 
price. 
Can you think these men mistaken 
—these motor car makers, these tens 
of thousands of users who have come 
to this patented tire ? 
They Sought 
What You Are Seeking 
They sought for a way to cut tire 
bills in two. We proved that these 
tires could do it. 
They sought tires which can’t rim- 
cut. One glance at these tires proves 
rim-cutting impossible. 
They sought oversize tires, to take 
care of their extras—to save the blow¬ 
outs due to overloading. And they 
found this oversize without extra 
cost in No-Rim-Cut tires. 
That’s why they bought, in the 
year 1911,409,521 Goodyear tires. 
Loss—$20 Per Tire 
We figure the average loss of men 
who don’t use them at $20 per tire. 
It varies, of course, with the sizes. 
And care or abuse affects it. One 
can’t be exact on these savings. 
We figure it this way. 
Statistics show that 23 per cent of 
all ruined clincher tires are rim-cut. 
No-Rim-Cut tires wipe out that loss 
entirely. 
Ten per cent oversize, under aver¬ 
age conditions, adds 25 per cent to 
the tire mileage. And No-Rim-Cut 
tires, measured by air capacity, aver¬ 
age 16.7 per cent larger than five 
leading makes of clinchers. 
The clincher tire is the old-type 
tire —the hooked-base tire — which 
No-Rim-Cut tires are displacing. 
This No-Rim-Cut feature, plu the 
oversize feature, will save motor car 
owners this year, we figure, a million 
dollars a month. 
The Only No-Rim-Cut Tires 
In No-Rim-Cut tires there are three 
flat bands of 126 braided wires vulcan¬ 
ized into the tire base. These wires 
make the tire base unstretchable. 
These tires stay on without hook¬ 
No-Rim-Cut Tires 
With or Without 
Double-Thick Non-Skid Treads 
With a Bulldog Grip 
ing to the rims, because nothing can 
force them off the rim until you re¬ 
move the removable flange. Then 
they slip off in an instant. 
Your removable rim flanges, when 
you use this tire, are curved outward 
instead of inward. That’s why they 
can’t cut the tire. 
We control by patents the only 
way to make a practical tire of this 
type. Other devices, used to meet 
our competition, have serious short¬ 
comings which we explain in our 
Tire Book. 
That is why the demand for hookless 
tires centers on Goodyear No-Rim-Cut 
tires. Nothing else known can take the 
place of these bands of braided wires. 
These patented tires now cost no more 
than other standard tires. They fit any 
standard rim. quick-detachable or de¬ 
mountable. So.when you give up clinch¬ 
ers, don’t adopt experimental tires. 
More and more, the men who know 
best are insisting on Goodyear No-Rim- 
Cut tires. Soon or late, you are bound 
to come to them. _ 
Our 1912 Tire Book—based on 13 
years spent in tire making—is filled 
with facts you should know. Ask ua 
to mail it to you. 
THE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY, AKRON, OHIO 
Branches and Agencies in 103 Principal Cities We Make All Kinds of Rubber Tires, Tire Accessories and Repair Outfits 
Main Canadian Office, Toronto, Ont. Canadian Factory, Bowmanville, Ont. (505) 
