1912. 
— o l 
Thoughts on Apple Trees. 
On page 90 Prof. Van Deman gives 
some very sound advice and timely 
warning in regard to the so-called pedi¬ 
gree fruit trees. While the practice of 
selection is desirable and full worth 
while, results have been over-stated and 
unproven by careful test by many who 
are fluent talkers but indifferent per¬ 
formers. Though many may have taken 
up systematic selection in propagating 
their trees this pedigree question that 
is being boomed at the present time 
opens up a grand field for the unscrupu¬ 
lous swindler who would make the 
planter give up a dollar for a 20-cent 
tree and a worthless slip of paper, to 
find in future years that the tree was 
worthless also. It has been proven, de¬ 
spite the vigilance of the live stock 
registry associations, that fraud will 
°fen creep in and the papers will not 
fit the animal. What can be expected, 
from a subject a hundred times more 
difficult to handle, even with the best 
intent, without any supervision what¬ 
ever? Fruit growers would better spend 
their time studying the pedigree of the 
nurseryman rather than the pedigree of 
the trees. Oh, yes, I know it is very 
interesting to sit by a comfortable fire 
after a good meal and read the carefully 
prepared literature about pedigrees, etc., 
and then think, or perhaps dream, of the 
wonderful results you will obtain from 
those trees in six, 10 or 15 years. Many 
years hence you may have occasion to 
think of the nurseryman’s pedigree, and 
if you find then that your pedigreed 
trees came from an unpedigreed grower 
it will take an extra good dinner and a 
mighty bright fire to bring the smallest 
ray of sunshine on the picture that vou 
conceived on the eve of planting. 
I note what T. G. Bunting says on 
page 94 in regard to the Ontario apple. 
The Ontario as it has come under my 
notice tallies very closely with this de¬ 
scription. At first glance it reminds one 
of an overgrown Wagener, but is duller 
in its red and deeper in its yellow. I 
would class the flesh as a trifle coarse, 
but juicy and quite sharp subacid; would 
consider it a good cooker, but as a des¬ 
sert fruit would rank it as fair. Mr. 
Van Alstyne must have a different apple 
in mind when he classes it in the 
Fameuse-Mclntosh type, as it has none 
of the characteristics. It is surprising 
how many names the same apple will 
have in different localities. It is about 
as easy to convince a man that black is 
white as to tell him that a variety that 
has been known in his locality under a 
certain name < is anything else. 1 know 
of several cases of varieties named after 
nurseryman's label wdiere substitutions 
had been made, but you cannot convince 
the owner that he has not the variety 
he bought and paid for. It is a thank¬ 
less task t:o try to set these people right. 
1 heir attitude is very similar to that of 
many of the Lewis victims. 
Saratoga Co., N. Y. geo. r. schauber. 
THE RUR.-A.I* NEW-YORKER 
considerable. This led to the business 
of handling “bottled bacteria” or cul¬ 
tivated germs. In old days any house¬ 
wife made her own yeast for bread rais¬ 
ing, but to accommodate the public a 
commercial yeast was prepared in cakes 
and powders for use by bread bakers. 
In much the same principle the bacteria 
which work in the plant roots are culti¬ 
vated and sold. These bacteria multiply 
with great rapidity in the soil or in the 
laboratory when kept in certain sub¬ 
stances. The chemists take them from 
the soil originally, make sure they are 
true, and pack them in bottles where 
they will remain alive for weeks. A 
farmer can buy them in this form, and 
by handling them as directed start them 
into action and produce great numbers. 
Water containing them is put on the 
seed and this when put into the ground 
carries the bacteria, which begin their 
work as the plants grow. The plan is 
sensible and practical and has some ad¬ 
vantages over the use of soil, but the 
bacteria must be strong and vital and 
well handled. In former years some of 
the concerns handling this product were 
not careful enough, but where the lab¬ 
oratory work is properly done and the 
bacteria sent out alive and strong, there 
is no question about its value. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
I t. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a 
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
The Use of Commercial Bacteria. 
Several Readers .—What is the truth 
about the so-called commercial bacteria for 
growing clover, Alfalfa and other crops? Is 
this a fake? 
Ans. —No. It is not a fake. The pod 
bearing plants—those which carry their 
seed in pods—are able to obtain* nitro¬ 
gen from the air. This is done through 
the work of. bacteria—tiny forms of life 
which live and work upon the roots of 
these plants. Pull up a root of healthy 
clover or Alfalfa plant and you will find 
little bunches or warts. These are 
called nodules. They are the houses in 
which thousands of these bacteria or 
germs live. Now the clover, Alfalfa or 
bean plant cannot obtain nitrogen from 
the air unless these bacteria are on the 
roots, and, of course, if there are none 
of them in the soil there will he none 
on the roots. In new soil, that is, where 
none of those crops have been grown 
for some years, none of the bacteria 
may be found, and, therefore, the plan 
has been worked out of “inoculating” 
such soils when the seed is put in. This 
inoculation” consists in adding the bac¬ 
teria in some way so they can form and 
spread through the soil. At first this 
was done in the most natural way by 
digging soil from a good Alfalfa field 
and scattering it over the field to be 
newly seeded. Where fresh soil can be 
found near by or where it can be sent a 
reasonable distance this does well. The 
objections are that weed seeds and plant 
disease germs are often carried in this 
soil to the new field, and the cost of 
carrying and handling large lots will be 
“Chemicals and Clover” With Modifications. 
A. A. Y., Jewett City, Conn .—I have 
read some articles on chemicals and clover. 
I am interested because I am looking for 
a proper rotation to improve my land. Be¬ 
cause of my business (carnation growing), 
I cannot have potatoes on the land, and 
my problem is to know where, that is, on 
w-hat crop, to use the chemicals. My rota¬ 
tion is corn, rye, oats and peas, rye and 
grass (grass two years). My cows con¬ 
vert all these crops into manure, and the 
manure is largely used to fit the soil for my 
greenhouses. On what crop and when in 
rotation is it best to use the chemicals to 
get the best returns? 
Ans. —“Chemicals and Clover” is the 
story of a five-year rotation—corn on 
sod, potatoes, wheat and grass two 
years. In this rotation practically all 
the fertilizer is put on the potatoes, that 
being called the money crop. All the 
manure is put on the sod and plowed 
under for corn. In the case mentioned 
the money crop is carnations, and all 
the manure goes on this crop, which is 
not a definite part of the rotation. The 
object of the other crops is to fill the 
land with humus and provide forage 
from which to make manure. In that 
case we should use high-grade fertilizer 
freely on all crops—particularly on the 
grass. The corn is evidently planted on 
the sod. We should use some good corn 
fertilizer and sow rye and vetch at the 
last cultivation. Plow this under and 
sow oats and peas with more fertilizer. 
When the rye and grass follow we 
should use a ton of lime to the acre and 
500 to 600 pounds per acre of a grass 
fertilizer each year of cutting the hay. 
Establishing Schools in Pennsylvania. 
L., Lycoming Co., Pa .—How should the 
residents proceed in making an application 
for a school in a Pennsylvania township? 
Who must we apply to, and what are the 
requirements to be entitled to a school? 
Our township has two schools,’ but both 
are over two miles from our “village,” con¬ 
sisting of 20 homes and families with about 
10 children of school age. We are much 
nearer the city schools, but most of us 
cannot afford the price, which is from $12 
to $36, according to grade. To a family 
with four children of school age this is 
quite an item. I am a firm believer that 
the unmarried and childless couples should 
help pay for the education of all the 
children. These are the ones that always 
are afraid of more schools on account of 
a little higher tax. 
Ans. —Schools in Pennsylvania are es¬ 
tablished in the districts by boards of 
school directors elected for that purpose. 
In every district of the fourth class five 
directors are elected at large. Under 
the provisions of our code, these men 
are charged with the duty of providing 
educational advantages for every child 
in the district between the ages of six 
and 21. Application for the establish¬ 
ment of a school must be made to the 
boards of directors. Where there are 
only a few pupils and it does not seem 
advisable to establish a separate school, 
the law provides that boards of directors 
may arrange to transport such pupils to 
the nearest school in the district or to a 
school in some other district. The mat¬ 
ter of establishing schools is clearly in 
the hands of the boards of directors. 
J. GEORGE BECHT. 
Secretary, State Board of Fducation. 
Kill the 
with the one most re¬ 
liable remedy against 
the San Jose Scale. 
Spray NOW with 
BOWKER’S 
LIME-SULPHUR 
Write for Book and Price List to 
BOWKER INSECTICIDE CO. 
BOSTON, MASS. 
We ship also from / ' j 
Baltimore, Md. and Cincinnati, O 
PLANT BOXES 
FOR HOT-BED USE 
$2.50 per 1000 in the flat. Sizes: 4-incli 
cubes, 4N-inch cubes, or 5-inch cubes. 
Tacks (for making up boxes) per 
pound, 25 cents. Required, one pound 
per 1000 boxes. Magnetic Tack Ham¬ 
mer, 25 cents. 
CIO LBY-HINKLEY ClOliVLPANY 
Benton Harbor - - Michigan 
Big Potato Crops 
Banish blight and bugs by spraying the new, 
thorough way, saturating thoroughly. Over 
300,000 farmers and gardeners use 
Brown’s Auto Sprays 
Auto Spray No. 1 is most powerful 
and efficient of all hand sprayers. 
Capacity four gal. Guaranteed to do 
best vvorlc in shortest time at lowest cost. 
Auto pop nozzle throws round, line, 
and coarse sprays and streams. Easiest 
to handle, io styles and sizes—hand and 
power outfits. Brown's Non-clog Atomic 
Nozzle for largo sprayers—great time 
and money saver, positively will notc’og 
—adjustable from fine spray to powerful 
stream. ' Write for complete Spraying 
Guide and full particulars. 
The E. C. Brown Co., 28 Jay St., Rochester, N. Y 
Spray Trees Now 
while you’ve time to do a thorough job 
Don’t put off till busy spring. Use 
Target Brand 
Scale Destroyer 
A miscible oil that destroys San Jos 6 Scale 
and all other scales. It spreads on contact 
with the tree, thus covering every part, even 
those missed by the direct spray. 
Endorsed by every experiment station where 
tested. Sold by good dealers everywhere. Write 
for interesting literature. Mailed free. 
HORTICULTURAL CHEMICAL COMPANY 
131 S. Fourth St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
BUCKET SPRAYER 
F»r Home and Garden 
For spraying small trees, bushes and vegetables; 
for white washing, washing porches, windows, 
wagons, etc. Iron Age No. 192 has 100 pounds 
steady pressure. Bronze ball valves; 
easiest to pack of any similar out¬ 
fit on the market. No leather 
SURE CURE FOR SAN JOSE SCALE 
CHEAPEST AND BEST 
Jarvis Spraying Compound has no superior. Buy 
from the manufacturers direct and save money. A 
gallon of Jarvis Spraying Compound makes lti gal- 
lons of spray. Compound ready to mix with water. 
Sold in bbl. lots (50 gallons), 30 cents per gallon. 
References—J. H. Hale, the “ Peach King,” or Prof 
Jarvis of the Connecticut Agricultural College. 
They will toll you there is nothing better. 
The J. T. Robertson Co. Box U, Manchester, Conn. 
Spray 30 Acres a Day 
Poiaioes, Small Fruits, Vines 
Spraying that counts. 6 rows at a time with force to do 
work right. Foliage sprayed all over, under as well 
as on top. The Perfection sprayer is also great at or¬ 
chard work. Spray trees by hand. Easy to maintain 
14)0 pounds pressure with two nozzles going. Strong 
60-gaUo n tank, perfect agitation, absolutely best spray 
pump made. Spray pipes fold up—you can 
drive close to trees and in narrow places. 
Nearly 25 years sprayer builders. VVe know 
requirements, and know the Perfection is 
^right. Nearly SSOOO now In 
use. All giving sat- 
isfaction. Write for 
iil^^^^^'ree Catalog. Don’t 
1’/ u y any sprayer 
" till it comes. 
THOMAS PEPPIER & SON 
Box 45 , Hightstown, N. J. 
used. Only brass parts 
in contact with 
solution 
Same 
quality 
material 
as in big 
expensive 
sprayers. Its 
quality makes it 
cheap. 
Aak your dealer to 
■how you this pump. 
^Yrite us today for 
special booklets on this 
and other Iron Age farm, 
garden and orchard tools. 
BATEMAN M’F’G CO 
Box 102-B, GRKNLOCH, N. J. 
SPRAT, 
r Rigs of 
All Sizes 
For All Uses 
The Leader Sprayer 
for up-to-date orchard- 
ists keeps 10 nozzles go¬ 
ing with 200 lbs. pres¬ 
sure. Most satisfactory 
of all orchard spray rigs. 
Engine suited to gener¬ 
ating power for all farm 
work. Bucket, Barrel, 
Mounted 4-Row Potato 
Sprayers, ole. Free 
catalogue describes en¬ 
tire line. Write for it. 
Also spraying formula, 
calendar and complete 
spraying directions. 
Address 
Write for Froo 
Catalog 
FIELD FORCE PUMP CO., 2 11th St., Elmira. N.Y. 
Duplex Power Sprayer 
Iligh-pres^ure, large capacity, light weight, low center 
Of gravi* \ The greatest value ever offered in a power 
sprayer . Full specifications in our new catalog. 
Write for it. 
THE BEAN SPRAY PUMP CO. 
109 Front Street Berea, Ohio 
Western Factory: San Jose, Cal. 
The greatest improvements 
ever made in spray-pump 
construction are described 
in our new 1912 catalog of 
BEAN SPRAYERS 
Non-corrosive, porcelain-lined cylinder.?, inde¬ 
structible ball-valveswith removable and revers¬ 
ible seats. High-pressure, high-power engines 
and pumps, automatic pressure-regulator, etc. 
A complete line of economical high-pressure 
Hand, Platform and Barrel Pumps, Power 
Sprayers, Nozzles, Accessories, etc. 
Write for your copy today 
Combines efficiency with economy of labor and materials. Strong, high-grade, brass and 
copper, portable, with pressure guage. Same pump for both air and liquid 
^T harii ?- en,lrR co " le nf- Produces a finer spray and uses 
less materials, and is equipped with our 
N MIST * 
Agents 
Wanted 
WINKLE MIST NOZZLE 
• h nrl eb : ated P° W€ 9 Sprayc , r nozz K wh!ch distributes the spray more evenly than 
any other nozzle on the market—and cannot clog. Try Winkle Mist Nozzles 
on your power sprayer. Write for FREE Catalog and Booklet on spraying! 
TYLER MANUFACTURING CO. 
70 Cortland Street, ■ . . ROCHESTER, N. Y. Sample 75P 
HAVE YOU 
CONQUERED 
ISAM JOSE SCALE ? 
or a^ytMng e ^lse Ca ^‘SmdecMe’’m-iv^iio'mK-fiii Ie , ss monoy • wit, J ,ess effort, and moro effectively than with Lime-Snlfnr 
not corrode*thepumps orclog the nozzle conseaumtl^h^ 3 ^^ kiad °? a ta,lk or u barrel »■ «!•«. "Scalecide” does 
‘Scalecide” will not injure the most delicate skin anil w . ork ye . ry { nuel1 easier, with less labor, wear and tear, 
or injury. “Scalecide” is used successfully hv i-Ynit be Placed in the eyes without the slightest inconvenience 
Australia, because experience has tnulht them ‘Jj® United States, South Africa, Porto Rico, Cuba, ami 
use of Scalecide,” and with less labor and loss evnonso' Perfection m fruit and foliage is produced by the continued 
will bring you by return mail, free, our book® “Modlrn 'JShSJOT ^ese statements. A postal request to Dept ‘N” 
hnnk-lftt: N/)oia/»i/ia—m— »• x«» - ©rn JVletnods or H:irvosfcinp, Gr&dins&Qd Packing Apples,” And. new 
we will deliver it to any railroad station 
, Y," i”vcipt, of price : 50-gal. bids., $•-'">.00; 30-gal. 
Address : B. G. Pratt Co., 50 Church Street, New York City. 
bbls.. $10.00 ; 10-gal. cans, $0.75 ; ^ial eaSs, K 
