212 
THE RURAB NEW-YORKER 
February 17, 
A HIRED MAN AND THE COWS. 
He Makes Them Shell Out. 
On page 952 last year Air. Clement 
says: “It is clear that his great bulwark 
of success is hired help.” There is a 
good deal- of truth in that. It is true 
that with a 70-acre farm, a dairy of 
about a dozen cows usually, four horses 
and 1200 to 1500 hens, I only keep one 
hired man, yet that man is a prize. We 
call him “William” and Fig. 57, page 
187, shows how he looks. He has the 
happy faculty of spending his spare time 
reading a daily paper, farm papers, 
bulletins, etc., instead of in the saloon, 
as so much of the farm help hereabouts 
does, with sufficient intelligence to 
grasp the meaning at once of his em¬ 
ployer’s directions. He always has ideas 
of his own as to how a thing should be 
done, yet is ever ready to do as he is 
told. I tell my friends that farming 
with such a hired man is - like having 
one head and two pairs of hands. About 
a year ago our Subordinate Grange, No. 
983, devoted an evening to the discussion 
of the following question: 
“How would you manage, if you 
should set out to secure an average of 
$150 worth of milk each from a dairy of 
cows, at prevailing Borden prices?” 
Various ideas were suggested, buc 
nearly every farmer present agreed that 
the job could not be done fairly and 
profitably. William and I were discuss¬ 
ing the subject next day, and he sug¬ 
gested that we “make a try” for it. It 
happens that he takes full care of the 
cows, doing all the milking and feeding, 
while I confine my work mostly to the 
hens. I have nine young cows milking, 
From two to five years old, and seven 
younger heifers and calves not yet in 
milk. Here are the monthly sales for 
the year 1911 just passed: 
January .$177.29 July . $34.51 
February .... 145.46 August . 49.31 
March . 123.69 September .. 124.53 
April. 76.70 October . 183.43 
May. 51.18 November ... 194.38 
June . 30.74 December . . . 181.24 
You will notice that he has hit the 
bull’s-eye with $22.46 to spare, not count¬ 
ing milk used at home (two families), 
fully four quarts a day, and for raising 
two heifer calves. To William belongs 
most of the credit. He has done all the 
feeding, and I have not milked a cow ex¬ 
cept for a short time last Winter, when 
he had the misfortune to cut a slice from 
the end of a finger, including about a 
third of the nail, while slicing beets in 
the root cutter. 
“How did we manage?” Let us go 
bach a few years. Older readers will 
remember the dairy of Geo. E. Martin 
which I gave an account of in The R. 
N.-Y. several years ago. At that time 1 
saw him -getting 15 cans of milk a day 
(600 quarts) from a row of 30 grade 
Holstein cows. It is true that his op¬ 
posite row of cows did not give quite as 
much milk, but it opened my eyes to the 
possibilities of milk production without 
investing big money in high-priced pure¬ 
bred cows, and I said, “What he can do 
others can do.” In September, 1906, I 
bought four of his surplus heifer calves, 
paying $5 each for them. They were 
sired by his registered bull, photographed 
about that time for The R. N.-Y. A 
few years later I bought four more. 
These I have bred to a neighbor’s 
registered bull as they were old enough, 
and raised about two heifer calves each 
year, giving me 16 head at the present 
time, nine in milk and seven younger 
ones. The calves are all given eight 
quarts of pure warm milk a day at the 
start, gradually reducing the amount and 
substituting skim-milk or oatmeal gruel, 
always warm. The aim is to keep the 
young things growing and thrifty every¬ 
day of their lives until fully grown. 
They are bred to freshen at two to 2^2 
years if possible, and every' Autumn 
thereafter. This gives me the best flow 
of milk when prices are highest and 
when returns from the hens are lowest. 
Notice that the month of November this 
year was high-water mark, just when 
the market is usually most bare. This 
also makes the dairy more in demand. 
Last year I got Borden prices up to 
April 1, and for the remainder of the 
year a premium of 10 cents per 100 
pounds, given partly in consideration of 
some extra precautions in cleanliness, 
such as always washing udder and teats 
with clean warm water before milking, 
and snapping the tail, when in stable, to 
a cord suspended from floor above, in 
order to keep the switch out of the drop 
when lying down. 
Do the figures given include only milk 
from the nine cows? That is a fair 
average. About March 1st I sold the last 
three of the old dairy for beef. They 
had given some milk which is included 
in sales for January and February. From 
then until August we only had eight 
cows. The two-year-old heifer fresh¬ 
ened in August, giving us nine young 
cows. Not one of them was five years 
old at the beginning of the year. 
To what do I attribute good results? 
Good care and liberal and judicious 
feeding. William “fairly stuffs them” 
at times. For instance: During Sep¬ 
tember, October and November they 
were in full milk, and we had an abund¬ 
ance of drop apples, turnips with tops, 
beet tops, etc., in addition to fairly good 
pasture. At each milking time they 
would get first their grain allowance, 
consisting of two parts by weight of 
gluten, two parts dry brewers’ grains, 
and one part cornmeal, followed by a 
big scoopful of apples (after being run 
through the root cutter), and then as 
much small turnips and tops as they 
could be induced to eat. The eight cows 
that were milking in September and Oc¬ 
tober frequently gave more than four 
10-gallon cans of milk a day. I believe 
the secret of a long continued full flow 
of milk is in full rations every day. 
There is a popular belief that cows that 
freshen in July and August will shrink 
unduly in flow when put into Winter 
quarters. My experience does not con¬ 
firm this. My first cow to freshen last 
Summer was not four years old when 
her second calf was born, July 1. She 
gave 50 pounds a day at her maximum 
and was still giving 40 pounds a day 
January 1, after six months milking. 
Is there any profit in milk production 
at high pressure? Not much to be sure, 
but more than in the old way with low 
yield cows. I have not kept a record of 
amount of grain feed used, but feel sure 
that $50 per cow will cover it, leaving 
$100 per cow for labor and other costs. 
An able-bodied man can milk and care 
for at least 12 cows. William has often 
done it, and had lots of time to spare 
to help me with the heavier part of the 
work in connection with the hens. I 
have no silage. I need beets for the 
hens, can raise them at at cost of $2 per 
ton, so when apples, turnips, etc., fail, 
about December 1, we increase the grain 
ration to 16 pounds a day and give 
about a peck of sliced beets at least once 
a day. Last Winter we had a good 
supply and gave each cow a good big 
scoopful morning and night. In Winter 
the cows spend most of the time in the 
stanchions, except a short run in the 
yard morning and night for a drink, this 
time being improved to clean stables and 
give fresh bedding of planer shavings. 
1 hey get a liberal foddering of hay 
morning and night after feeding, but 
nothing during the rest of the day. 
O. w. MAPES. 
Cow With Catarrh. 
I have a part Jersey and Guernsey cow 
that seems to have nose trouble. At times 
she will blow from her nose a heavy yellow¬ 
ish mucus. It seems to be finite difficult at 
times for her to breathe. Now and then 
it is hardly noticeable. Her appetite is 
good and she looks fairly good. 1 am milk¬ 
ing her. What is the trouble? a. t. k. 
As tuberculosis may be the cause have 
her tested with tuberculin. If she proves 
to be free from that disease syringe nostrils 
once daily with a solution of one dram of 
tannic acid to the pint of lukewarm water 
and give her a dram each of dried sulphate 
of iron and powdered hydrastis in her feed 
twice daily, for 3 0 days, if she is not in 
ca R- A. S. A. 
Stocked Legs. 
My horse was driven on a delivery wagon 
last Summer before I bought her until she 
would drop her head almost to the ground, 
and her neck was swollen to nearly twice 
the natural size. Her forward legs were 
lame and would tremble clean into her 
shoulders. I bought her thinking with fair 
treatment she would improve. She has, but 
her neck still seems to be stiff and her hind 
legs keep swollen. I have given her a medi¬ 
cine recommended by a friend made of one- 
quarter pound saltpeter, one-quarter pound 
rosin, one-quarter pound copperas, one-quar¬ 
ter pound sulphur, which has helped her 
She keeps easy, travels well and if her neck 
would limber up and the hind feet or legs 
stop swelling I would say she was well. 
c. j. 
Give her a box stall in stable and each 
time she comes in rub hind legs dry and 
bandage them from feet to hocks. Work 
or exercise her every day. Pus deep down 
in the tissues is the likely cause of the 
swelling of the neck, and the abscess will 
have to be located and opened for evacua¬ 
tion of pus. Afterward pack the cavity 
once daily with oakum saturated in a mix¬ 
ture of equal parts of turpentine and raw- 
linseed oil. ASA 
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