SJ 14 
THE KURAIi NEW-YORKER 
February 17, 
FEEDING PROBLEMS. 
Under this heading wo endeavor to give advice 
and suggestions about feeding mixture., of «rninn 
and foddoru. No definite rules are given, but the 
advice 1 h baaed upon experience and average 
analyses of foods. By ‘‘protein” Is meant the 
element* In the food which go to make muscle or 
lean meat. “Carbohydrates” comprise the starch, 
sugar, oto., which make fat and provide fuel for 
the body, while “fat” Is the pure oil found In 
foods. Dry matter" means the weight of actual 
food left in fodder or grain when all the water Is 
driven off. A "narrow ration" means one In which 
the proportion of protein to carbohydrates Is close 
—a "wide” ration means one which shows a larger 
proportion of carbohydrates. 
Another Balanced Ration. 
Will you balance a ration for mllcli cows 
ranging in weight from 800 to 1200? I 
have roughage, silage with no ears, bay, 
Timothy ami Ited-top; plenty of ground 
oats for grain. I can buy cotton-seed xnnal, 
$24 per ton; bran, $110; Buffalo gluten, 
$20 ; comment, $27 ; dried brewers’ grains, 
$28. E. J. t. 
If you have plenty of silage feed about 
17 or IN pounds morning and night, and 
about 12 pounds of hay at noon, of course 
you can vary the relative amounts of liny 
and silage according to the supply you have. 
For the grain ration three pounds of 
ground oats, three pounds of cotton-seed 
meal and one pound gluten will give godd 
results. Have the grain well mixed, and 
scatter over the silage, which should be fed 
after milking. C. L. M. 
Explaining a Ration. 
Is the ration for butter making as given 
In Tub It. N.-V. for January 20, on page 77. 
for one day or for one feed, to be given 
twice a day? It looks like a small amount 
of roughage for a day's feed, but the grain 
looks rather big for one feed. Should the 
cut. corn fodder be given at one feed and 
the eow-pea hay at another? I supposed 
that one pound of cotton-seed meal was 
generally used for one feed, and as this 
ration was given, if it wns for a day It 
would onlv make throe-fourths pound for a 
feed. F. E. T. 
Maryland. 
The ration published on page 77 Is in¬ 
tended for one day's feed for a cow, hut 
of course the quantity must he regulated 
aecordlng to the cow's appetite and the 
amount of milk she Is giving. I would 
divide the grain and cornstalks Into two 
feeds for morning and night, and feed the 
cow pea hay at noon. When you feed cow- 
pea hay you do not require as much cotton¬ 
seed meal as you do when you feed other 
kinds of roughage containing less protein. 
c. s. o. 
Ration With Alfalfa Hay. 
Give me formula for a balanced ration 
for a good-sized Jersey cow that gives 
from three to 3Vi gallons of milk a day, 
making It ns economical as possible, with 
the following feeds available: Alfalfa hay, 
about $12 a ton; corn chops, $1.40 per 100 
pounds; bran, $1.35 per 100; cotton-seed 
meal, $1.70 per 100; oil meal (flax), $2.25 
per 100; Alfalfa meal, $1 per 100; shorts, 
$1.50. Make the formula for Alfalfa liny 
without anything else for roughage, as I 
nm In town and It Is not always easy to 
get or care for fodder or anything of that 
kind. But I should like to ask if It would 
be better to have something else to 11)1 up 
With 3. H. I!. 
With the list of feeds available to you 
we would suggest the following ration for 
your cow, per day: 15 pounds Alfalfa hay, 
six pounds corn chop, Iwo pounds shorts. 
The nutritive ratio Is I :5.1, which Is some¬ 
what narrower than most standards. Tills 
ration could he greatly Improved with sil¬ 
age, which would furnish some succulent 
material, Increase the hulk and do away 
with the necessity of so much cornmeal. 
l’otato peelings, cabbage leaves and oilier 
refuse from the kitchen would he relished 
by your row, and would help to a certain 
extent to take the place of silage. 
C. 8, M. 
Balancing a Ration. 
I wish to feed equal parts mixed bay, 
bean pods, cut cornstalks. Which of the 
following grains will give me the best and 
cheapest balanced ration: Bran, $2!l per 
ton; middlings, $22; linseed meal, $2.05 per 
hundred; cornmeal, $20 per ton; brewers’ 
grains, $22 per ton ; cotton-seed meal, $22, 
with test; of 41 per cent protein. 
Now York. w. K. c. 
Assuming that your cows are giving milk, 
1 have compounded the following ration ; 
I try 
Cnrb. 
Matter. I’roteln. ft l'’«t. 
8 
Him. mixed bay. 
(1,0(1 
.408 
3.(180 
8 
Him. corn stalks.... 
4.80 
.188 
2.720 
8 
Jbs. bean podw. 
7.(10 
.288 
2.17(1 
4 
lbs. dried brewers' 
grain:) . 
3.(18 
.(128 
1.912 
2 
lbs. cottonseed meal 
1.84 
.744 
.888 
1 
lb. llnneed meal.... 
.01 
.208 
.485 
25.70 2.585 12.801 
Nutritive rntlo .1 :4.07 
If your stables are not fairly warm the 
above ration mny he too narrow. In which 
case 1 would substitute one pound of corn- 
meal for one pound of the brewers’ grain*. 
Feed the grain twice or three times a day, 
as convenient. C. s. M. 
A Dairy Ration. 
1 would like formula for a balanced 
ration. I have nice hay and corn silage 
that was nipped with frost last. Fall, 
leaves nearly spoiled, hut stalk good. It 
is cut In one quarter Inch.pieces and comes 
out nicely. 1 have to buy my grain, and 
can got any or nil kinds to make up best 
ration. I have 42 cows and am feeding for 
milk that I retail In the village. 1 would 
prefer to feed silage hut once a day. Please 
advise me Just how and what time to feed. 
Connecticut. a. j. c. 
You do not state whether your hay Is 
Timothy or clover; If Timothy, I would 
suggest the following: 20 pounds sllngc, 12 
pounds Timothy hay; four pounds bran, two 
pounds cotton-seed meal, two pounds lin¬ 
seed meal; nutritive ratio. 1 :5 4. If your 
bay Is clover, or largely clover, substitute 
two pounds cornmeal In place of tin* linseed 
meal. This will give you a nutritive ratio 
of 1 :5.2, which Is somewhat narrow, hut 
near enough for practical results. This Is 
calculated for 1,000-pound cows in full How 
of milk. As the period of lactation ad¬ 
vances and the milk (low decreases, the 
grain ration should he cut down accord¬ 
ingly. The Individuality and appetite of 
each cow will always be taken into ac¬ 
count by the careful feeder. You could feed 
half the grain on the silage after milking 
in the morning. The remainder of the grain 
mny lie fed before or after milking ill the 
afternoon, as convenient, and the hay given 
the last thing at night. Or, If you prefer, 
part of the hay could be given at. noon. So 
long as a cow receives the required amount 
of the right kind of feed. It. docs not mat¬ 
ter very much Just how It Is delivered to 
her; provided there Is system and regular¬ 
ity in feeding. It Is well, however, not to 
feed silage before milking as this will gen¬ 
erally Impart a disagreeable flavor to the 
milk. c. s. M. 
Economical Cow Ration. 
I have a dairy of 20 cows and have to 
buy all food except silage and Hat turnips, 
together with a poor quality of bay. I am 
now feeding bran, cotton-seed meal and 
dried beet pulp, two, two and live. Would 
you toll me of a ration to feed, that Is the 
proportion and amount to feed each cow, of 
anything that will produce 1 milk and at the 
same time he as economical as possible? 
Winslow, N. ,T. w. a. n. 
If your hay were a good quality of 
clover the ration you are now feeding pro¬ 
vided that you are giving enough roughage 
• would not be far out of the way. But 
you say that your hay Is of poor quality, 
and I assume that It Is largely Timothy or 
mixed grasses. I would suggest that you 
add two pounds of bran and one pound lin¬ 
seed meal, making tin; dally ration as fol¬ 
lows for a 1000-pound cow giving full 
quantity of milk ; 25 pounds silage, 20 
pounds turnips, 10 pounds bay, four pounds 
bran, two pounds cotton-seed meal, one 
pound linseed meal, live pounds beet pulp. 
The exact nutritive ratio of tills ration will 
depend upon the quality of the hay. If all 
Timothy, it Is somewhat wider than Wolff’s 
standard but narrower than the Wisconsin 
standard. 0 . 8 . m. 
Adding to Farm Ration. 
Will you give me a balanced ration for 
the production of milk with cut corn fod¬ 
der, silage and ground meal furnished by 
the farm? I want It to be as cheap ns I 
can afford, without affecting the quantity 
of the milk. n. B, i>. 
Pennsylvania. 
The feeds furnished by your farm, name¬ 
ly, silage, corn fodder and cornmeal, are 
all highly carbonaceous. Bran and llrfseed 
meal, especially the latter, are cheap sources 
of protein so we recommend the following 
ration, figured for a 1,000-pound cow: 20 
pounds silage 1 ; 10 pounds corn fodder; two 
pounds cornmeal; live pounds wheat bran ; 
three pounds linseed meal. Some cows will 
probably require more coarse fodder than 
others. The IndlvldunIlty of the cow, as all 
practical feeders know, must always be 
taken Into consideration in feeding. 
C. N. M. 
Practical Feeding of Cotton-Seed Meal. 
How should cotton-seed meal be fed? 
State amount per feed. p. w. 11 . 
New York. 
Cotton seed meal is used chiefly as a feed 
for dairy cows. It is the richest concen¬ 
trate In common use, containing 27 per 
cent of digestible protein, besides consider 
able carbohydrates. Unfortunately, how¬ 
ever, It hns sometimes proved detrlmlmtal to 
the health of (In 1 animals, and certain pre¬ 
cautions should he observed In feeding It. 
Scientists arc not entirely agreed as to 
whether It contains a poisonous' principle 
or not, but ns far as my own observations 
go the trouble Is chiefly tills: Cotton-seed 
meal Is a very heavy substance, and when 
wet forms a sticky, pasty mass. When 
an nnlmnl eats 11 considerable quantity of 
the clear meal at a time, a doughy mass 
Is formed In the stomach which cannot be 
acted upon by the digestive Juices. Wlien 
mixed with light bulky feed, like bran, dis¬ 
tillers’ grains, brewers' grains, ... oats. 
or the like, no such conditions follow and 
no bad results are noticed. I think that 
the danger from feeding cotton-seed meal 
is reduced to a minimum when It is fed 
scattered over silage, so the cows will mix 
the two when eating. Home dairymen feed 
considerable quantities of clear cotton seed 
meal In this way, but It Is generally con¬ 
ceded that It Is more profitable to mix 
with at least an equal bulk of some more 
bulky feed. As to the quality that can 
safely be fed. authorities variously place 
It at from live to six pounds per day. 
Prof. W. A. Henry, In “Feeds and Feeding,” 
says: 
“In general, feeding cotton seed meal to 
dairy cows has proved satisfactory when 
the allowance has not exceeded five or six 
pounds dally for short periods, and three 
or four pounds for long periods." 
It: should not he fed to cows for a few 
weeks before coming In, and only sparingly 
for a week or two afterward, gradually 
increasing the amount. It is generally 
agreed that butter from cows eating cotton¬ 
seed meal is harder and poorer In color, 
flavor and texture than If produced from 
other feeds. Cotton-seed meal Is eonsld 
ered a dangerous feed for calves and bogs 
of any age. flood authorities report draft 
horses as doing well oil a ration containing 
t.wo pounds of cot ton-seed meal, but. ex¬ 
periments have not: fully demonstrated Its 
worth as a horse feed. Sunn- experiments 
have been made In feeding It to hens, but 
I am not familiar with their results, and 
i should recommend Its use but sparingly, 
If at all. CIIBHTKK b. MIIXH. 
Sore in Frog. 
t have a horse about nine years 
three years ago lie had a sore In the 
of his foot, and his ears "flopped." 
you tell me what the trouble Is, and a 
edy for it? a. 
Virginia, 
We scarcely think the sore on the 
caused the ears to flop. When the 
flop (lie horse commonly lias had an a 
of beat exhaustion, or sunstroke, or Is 
illy a sluggish, coarse, “lunkhead” 
iiorse. Where ear flopping Is seen 
muscles of the body seldom are under 
feet control of the brain and spinal 
Nothing can be done to mend matters 
A. H. 
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