23 C 
1912. 
THE RURAIi NEW-YORKER 
fall plowing of orchards. 
It is recommended not to plow orchards 
in the Fall. Will loose soil freeze as deeply 
or as hard as unplowed? Will not the 
loose soil have a greater tendency to aid 
the trees to maintain a sufficient supply of 
moisture in the buds and branches, thus 
preventing the drying out of the buds and 
killing of the tips of branches? What 
happens when you break the root of a tree 
_does it not callus and send out little 
rootlets or feeders? How long does it take 
for it to get into growing condition when 
broken by the plow in the Spring? If roots 
are severed in the Fall won't they be 
ready for growth earlier? What reasons 
are there against the Fall plowing pro¬ 
vided the trunks and root system near 
trunks are not left exposed? I have prac¬ 
ticed Fall plowing in my orchard and have 
seen no ill effects, rather several great 
benefits, getting the work so that the rest 
of the year’s cultivation can be done with 
the different harrows as seems best, etc., 
and last but not least, in having the ground 
In better condition to withstand the frosts 
in early Spring. In the Spring of 1910 
one morning at one o’clock the thermometer 
reached the freezing point. I started a 
horse and spring-tooth harrow and kept the 
ground loose and giving off heat until the 
sun commenced to warm the air. On this 
part of my orchard I harvested 650 baskets 
of peaches (14-quart size) ; on a portion 
that was not harrowed and the frost made 
a crust of one-half Inch or more, the 
blossoms did not set any fruit at all. 
Salem Depot, N. H. a. L. L. 
You do not say in your question what 
kind of an orchard this is. I supposed 
you meant an apple orchard. But A. 
L. L. harvested 650 baskets of peaches. 
Whether apple or peach I should never 
plow in the Fall. Peaches must receive 
good cultivation, in early season or till 
July 15. But I have proved on my soil 
that the mulch system is best, and or¬ 
chards of apples ought not to be cultivat¬ 
ed at all. Our best fruit is grown in that 
way. In some other locations orchards 
should be cultivated, but not in the Fall. 
Massachusetts. J. eames. 
I have never practiced plowing my 
orchard in the Fall, and with my pres¬ 
ent knowledge I certainly would not do 
so, although there may be good reasons 
for it. I would much prefer some cover 
crop to cover and protect the roots dur¬ 
ing the Winter. The ground will cer¬ 
tainly freeze deeper and much harder 
on newly plowed land than on land 
where there is a cover crop of some 
kind. There would be some advantages 
in Fall plowing such as the destruction 
of insects and the saving of time in the 
Spring, but I believe the advantages are 
more than offset by the disadvantages. 
Vermont. a. a. halladay. 
venting it from callusing over and 
throwing out roots at that point. I 
think the same rule would apply to 
breaking the roots as in trimming a 
tree; that a root broken off in the 
Spring would heal over the quickest, just 
as a limb cut off in early June will heal 
over quicker than a Fall or Winter cut 
one. Of course where there was little 
or no freezing of the soil conditions 
would be different. I imagine that a 
root with a clean break would begin to 
callus over immediately if it was done 
in the growing season. The strongest 
objection to Fall plowing is the wash¬ 
ing of the soil on hillside orchards, the 
blowing away of the finest particles of 
the soil, if the soil is bare through the 
Winter months, and 1 believe such soil 
after a good rain will freeze and dry 
out quicker than if covered with a good 
cover crop. 
I have had no experience in keeping 
off frosts by harrowing the soil, and 
before expressing an opinion it would 
be interesting to know if the whole or¬ 
chard had received the same treatment 
the previous season, if the trees which 
did not bear were the same age and 
varieties. The only thing I ever did to 
keep blossoms from freezing was to 
spray them a number of times with 
water just as it was pumped from a 
well, and in that case saved the fruit. 
This was a few Japan plum trees. A 
neighbor claimed to have saved a peach 
crop by the same method a few years 
later. h. o. mead. 
Worcester Co., Mass. 
Use of Dry Sulphur. 
I have 100 pounds commercial sulphur on 
hand, and would be pleased to know if there 
is any way I can use this in the dry state 
about trees or anything else to advantage? 
I propose buying lime-sulphur solution 
ready mixed this year. e. h. k. 
Pennsylvania. 
There are various uses to which dry sul¬ 
phur can be put. It is often dusted on 
plants such as rose bushes and greenhouse 
plants to control moist, soft-bodied insects 
and snails by contact. It is probably of no 
value as an application to the soil. 
J. p. s. 
Ailing Pear Tree. 
Can you tell me what is the matter with 
our pear tree? The limbs are dead next 
to the trunk, while the ends are green and 
seem alive. The dead portion is covered 
with objects like the sample. What are 
they? What can I do to rid the tree of 
this pest? s. B. c. 
Maryland. 
The objects referred to on the pear trees 
are old egg masses of an insect, probably 
a species of archips. The killing of the 
limbs is in no way connected with that in¬ 
sect but is probably due to their being 
girdled by fire blight, if they are really 
dead. It would seem strange that the lower 
portions of the limbs should be dead if the 
tips are really alive as stated. 
I have never believed in plowing or¬ 
chards in the Fall, but have made it a 
rule to grow some kind of a cover crop 
the last part of the season, and for this 
section if there is something in it that 
will hold the snow from blowing away 
so much the better. A loose soil will 
not freeze as deeply or hard as a hard 
soil, and in holding the moisture in the 
soil the same rule would apply as in the 
Summer, if the soil was dry and loose. 
But such a dust mulch cannot often be 
kept in an orchard after cold weather, 
and after a good rain I imagine there 
would be little difference in the freezing 
of plowed or unplowed land, and either 
if bare would freeze deeper than a grass 
sod or one covered with a good cover 
crop. I should suppose the ground 
would be covered by snow a large part 
of the Winter season in the part of New 
Hampshire where the inquirer lives, and 
that there would be little danger of land 
drying out by freezing unless left en¬ 
tirely bare. When a root is broken off 
the same rule applies as in cutting off 
a limb; the smaller roots left make a 
more vigorous growth, just as the 
smaller limbs left on the limb cut back 
start more vigorously, except in the 
case of the root; if broken off evenly it 
will soon callus over and throw out 
new roots, while if badly bruised and 
split up the end of the root dies back 
to a sound growth, the dead end pre- 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and a 
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
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And How She Overcame It. 
When well selected food has helped 
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“When our youngest boy arrived, 5 
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Read the little book, “The Road to 
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Ever read the above letter? A new one 
appears from time to time. They are genu¬ 
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Wholesale Factory Prices 
On Vehicles to Everybody 
yAnd 30 Days* Free Trial Allowed 
I HAVEN’T any agents, or jobbers, or dealers, or middlemen of any 
kind to take care of on the prices of my buggies, because I deal 
direct with you and give you the dealer’s price. I have sold 150,000 
of my vehicles this way and thousands of sets of harness. 
I make everything I sell in my own factory. My business is a per¬ 
sonal business. I give my time and attention to everything. I make all 
my vehicles to order—I know they are right before they leave the factory. 
I give them a 2 year’s guarantee that protects you absolutely. In 12 years 
selling this way, I have never heard of a worn out Split Hickory Vehicle. 
Split Hickory 
Means Split With the Grain ' 
—Not Sawed Across It 
It has more 
This means strength in all parts of the running gear. 
My business is bigger than ever. Other makers, selling 
through the dealers, are going out of business on account 
of automobiles. I figure that everybody needs a buggy 
whether they have an automobile or not, and that every 
automobile owner wants a buggy anyway—for times when 
he can’t run his machine. 
Local dealers carry only a few styles to select from. 
I make 125 styles of automobile seat buggies, surreys, 
phaetons, road carts, etc., and full line of harness. 
My Big Show-Room Buggy 
Book for 1912 Is Now Ready 
It’s the best one I have ever gotten out. 
styles to select from, both in ve¬ 
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save you a lot of money. 
Will you write for the book' 
You are invited to do so, I| 
will pay the postage. 
H. C. PHELPS, Pres. 
The Ohio Carriage 
Manufacturing Co. 
Station 29 O 
Columbus, Ohio 
m 
12 
'ears 
’ Guarantee . 
m 
30 
fDays 
FREE 
Road 
Test 
RIBB 
■ill 
PHELPS 
Oversees to the Manufacture of Every 
Buggy Turned Out Of His Factory 
“NEVERBREAKM 
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DOUBLETREES, TRIPLETREES 
AND NECK YOKES 
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| f Ho. 200—TWO HOBSE 
PLOW DOUBLETREI 
They weigh no more and cost no more than 
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Thonsands of farmers have given up the old- 
fashioned, breakable wood whiffletrees for tha 
“ NEYERBREAK." Ask your dealer, or write for in¬ 
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DIAMOND FORGING 4, MANUFACTURING COMPANY 
PITTSBURGH, PA. 
STAR 
WHEELBARROW 
SEEDER 
SAVES 
TIME 
LABOR 
and 
SEED 
T HIS is a high grade tool for the high grade farmer. 
Sow your grass seed when you’re ready. Nevermind 
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If your dealer does not handle the STAR, write to 
STAR SEEDER CO„ Box R, Shortsville, N.Y. 
Saw 
/•As Low as $10« 
And any boy can operate it and earn the price of 
this saw In two days easily by contracting to 
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Herlzler&Zook 
Portable Wood 
is positively cheapest and best Guaranteed X 
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Itrictly factory prices—you save job¬ 
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draws it on immediately machine 
1 starts—ensuring ease of opera¬ 
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ripping table can be 
added. Money refunded 
and freight paid both ways 
if unsatisfactory. Write for 
catalogue. 
HERTZLER & ZOOK CO. 
Box loo Belleville, Pa. 
Earn 
$10 
Free Box of Samples 
sent to your station, charges prepaid. 
All sizes, 2 inches to 20 inches, delivered. 
Prices quoted on request. 
THE E. BIGL0W CO., new 
Clean and Grade Grain Free! 
I’ll Trust You 
I’ll LOAN, 
„„„„ „ freight prepaid, 
my 1912 Chatham Mill. Use 30 days free; 
then send back, at my expense or buy 
on time, paying lowest price on reliable 
Grader and Cleaner. Positively not one 
penny asked till mill has proven satisfactory. 
Free loan includes both Mill and Dag¬ 
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Grading Attachment, also, where 
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Grader, Cleaner 
of ^natnam and Separator 
v mnn w jr han(, l es perfectly all seed grains— oats, 
wheat,corn, barley, flax,clover, tint- 
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WRITE POSTAL for astounding book, “Chatham 
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Takes 
smut. 
cockle, wild oats, tame oats, 
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•e. Write 
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THE HANSON CAMPBELL C0„ Detroit—Kansas City—Minneapolis 
