H7ti 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
March 2, 
LIME-SULPHUR SPRAYING UP-TO-DATE. 
It has been but a few years since the 
use of the lime-sulphur mixture as a 
remedy for fungus troubles was dis¬ 
covered. It was first used in California 
with salt added, about 20 years ago, as a 
remedy for scale insects. It was made 
very strong and used only when the 
trees were bare of leaves. In the course 
of comparatively recent experiments 
made by the experts of the United 
States Department of Agriculture with 
various preparations for combating in¬ 
sects and fungus diseases, the lime- 
sulphur was found to be used safely on 
many trees during both the dormant 
and growing stages and to be effective 
for scale insects, plant lice and fungi 
as well. By the addition of arsenate 
of lead it is also destructive to leaf¬ 
eating insects of many kinds, and to the 
notorious plum curculio^ in some de¬ 
gree. 
With the purpose of getting the very 
latest information on the use of the 
lime-sulphur and Bordeaux mixtures, 
and from authorities of unquestionable 
authority, I interviewed several of the 
officials of the Bureau of Plant Indus¬ 
try at Washington. Mr. M. M. Scott, 
who was one of the first to use the 
lime-sulphur wash as a fungicide, and 
is at present the leading expert in 
charge of orchard spraying experi¬ 
ments, was consulted and also. Dr. M. 
B. Waite, Mr. W. A. Arton and Mr. 
C. L. Shear. There are no better 
authorities on the subject under discus¬ 
sion, and their replies to my questions 
were in no case conflicting, although 
each was consulted separately. More¬ 
over, their work covers almost the 
entire range of fruits, vegetables and 
farm crops. 
To the question, “Have you got the 
lime-sulphur mixture complete, that is 
to say, as good as you hope to make 
it?” they said: 
“No, not all we could wish it to be, 
for there are certain things that it will 
not do that we are still striving to ac¬ 
complish with it. It is not suitable for 
application to all of the orchard fruits 
nor to all of the small fruits. On the 
cucurbits (the melons, cucumbers, etc.) 
it is positively injurious.” 
“How has it proved when applied to 
growing potato crops for blight?” 
“In some few cases it seemed to be 
giving good results, but after careful 
tests it was found to injure the foliage 
and we have had to give it up. Bor¬ 
deaux is the thing for potato blight and 
all vegetable diseases and for some of 
them it must be very weak, 3— 4 —50 is 
sufficiently strong.” 
“Just what are the limitations for 
this material, that is to say, how far will 
it really take the place of the Bordeaux 
mixture?” 1 asked. 
“For all the fungus diseases of the 
apple, pear, quince and peach it seems 
to be a sure remedy and has come to 
stay, except for bitter rot and apple 
blotch. For these diseases it is not 
suitable. It is not strong enough, or 
does not suit their peculiarities. Bor¬ 
deaux mixture seems to be the proper 
remedy for them. The apple blotch is 
very prevalent throughout the Central 
States, especially in Illinois, Kentucky, 
Tennessee and westward to Kansas and 
Arkansas. It is much like the apple 
scab, and is also found in the Eastern 
States, but it is not prevalent enough 
there to be a serious pest. And it does 
not yield to any but the full strength 
Bordeaux mixture, which is 4—4—50. 
1 f the lime is not of the very best char¬ 
acter the formula should be four 
pounds of copper sulphate and six or 
more pounds of lime to 50 gallons of 
water. To this should be added two 
pounds of arsenate of lead to kill Cod¬ 
ling moth larvae and other insects. We 
have a special bulletin, No. 144, on the 
apple blotch which should be studied 
by apple growers. It affects the foliage 
as well and causes cankers on the 
branches. The treatment for bitter rot 
on apples is practically the same. With 
both those diseases the spraying should 
not begin until July so as to avoid in¬ 
jury to the tender young fruit by the 
strong Bordeaux mixture. The prin¬ 
cipal point in favor of the lime-sulphur 
as a spray on fruit trees is that it can 
be used without injury to the tender 
fruit and foliage where Bordeaux mix¬ 
ture would do considerable damage, and 
yet the lime-sulphur is effective. But on 
the contrary it is the reverse with po¬ 
tatoes and all vegetables.” 
“How is it for use on raspberry 
bushes for anthracnose and other sim¬ 
ilar diseases on bush fruits?” 
“It has had some beneficial effect but 
is not what we hoped it might be for 
this purpose.” 
“How about the lime-sulphur spray 
for grapes?” 
“It will not do at all. We have giver* 
that up, for it injures them and Bor¬ 
deaux is still the grape remedy.” 
“In combination with some form of 
arsenic is it not about as near being 
a cure-all as you can get?” 
“We do not consider it or anything 
else a cure-all, but with two pounds of 
arsenate of lead or six pounds of Paris 
green to 50 gallons of the diluted prep¬ 
aration it is the best tiling we know for 
general use as a combined fungicide 
and insecticide for fruit trees, with the 
exceptions mentioned. It can be used 
in Winter or Summer. It will kill scab 
insects and plant lice if properly made 
and applied.” 
“What about the different ways of 
making the lime-sulphur washes, their 
comparative cost, in money, trouble 
and effectiveness? Are the factory- 
made, home-made and’self-boiled forms 
equally good ?” 
“Where properly fixed on the farm 
with tanks, plenty of water and arrange¬ 
ments for boiling, it is as cheap but 
rarely much cheaper to make it there 
as to buy the factory-made article. 
Every batch is more or less an experi¬ 
ment and there should be as great a 
uniformity as possible in the mixtures. 
All uncertainties should be avoided as 
much as can be done. Unless there 
are convenient arrangements it is better 
to buy the commercial brands. As they 
are made and sold by the reliable manu¬ 
facturers, they have given good results 
in nearly all cases where properly used. 
Their cost is not excessive and often 
very reasonable. So have the home¬ 
made preparations been satisfactory 
where well made. The self-boiled mix¬ 
tures are very desirable and for some 
tilings are the only ones that should be 
used. For the peach, plum and cherry 
this is the best form of all. They do 
the work and do not injure the fruit or 
foliage. But the greatest care must be 
used by everyone who makes these self- 
boiled mixtures to get only the best 
materials and faithfully to follow the 
directions given in the bulletins for 
doing the work. We have these in our 
publications and so have most of the 
State experiment stations. The rural 
papers often have the proper directions, 
too.” 
“Has anything new been learned 
within the past year about the way to 
make the lime.-sulphur wash or any 
new combinations with other mate¬ 
rials?” 
“No, there is nothing new of this 
kind, so far as we know. Each season 
is different in some respects from every 
other one and new conditions arise. 
Last year, for instance, it was unusually 
hot and dry and this made great differ¬ 
ences in the germination and spread of 
the fungus diseases and in some meas¬ 
ure with the action of the remedies. 
But lime-sulphur is a fixture, and a 
good one, but it will not do everything. 
The old Bordeaux mixture is not out 
oi date for many uses, and is not likely 
to be very soon. One of the main 
things to be sure about is that the 
troubles are taken in time—really antici¬ 
pated—and the spraying done as preven¬ 
tive measures, rather than as cures, 
after they have got well started. To 
follow accurately well authenticated di¬ 
rections is another most important part 
of the business. The main thing is to 
do the things that ought to be done and 
do them in time.” h. e. van reman. 
HAYES’ 
SPRAYING 
TOWER 
Makes hard work 
easy. Sprays high 
or low branches with 
ease. No climbing, 
no hose to drag, no 
extension rod to hold. 
Mount it on any’farm 
wagon or power outfit. 
Dismount and set it 
up again in i minute. 
Send your address 
on a postal card, right 
now. I want to tell 
you more about it. 
F. G. HAYES 
231 Ohio St., Sharon, Pa. 
Write For Special Low 
Price On This Complete 
Sprayinggy 
Outfit 
Barrel, pump, extrusion pipe, 
doz*/1c agitator, hose, everything 
complete and of the best, dual till 
barrel and go to work. Fillings 
of brass, hemp packing. Sprays 
hot, cold or any caustic solut iou 
perfectly. Equal to largest opera- 
tionsin orchard or field. Develops 
greatest power with least labor. 
Pump sits inside barrel, keeping 
it steady. Others are top-heavy 
and tip over. Write for catalog de¬ 
scribing this and oureomplete line 
of spraying tools and insecticides. 
ROSS BROS. CO., 13 Front St., Worcester, Mass. 
TEE HARDIE 
SPRAYERS 
The Sprayer That is Free From Experimental Risk 
5,000 
HARDIE POWER 
SPRAYERS are 
in use Today and over 25,000 
Hand Outfits 
hs HARDIE f n f0 ,Te 
best orchards of this country. 
There is a reason and we want 
to tell you what it is « « * 
'IT7E want to tell yon about our Free Trial Offer. We know 
what our sprayers will do and want an opportunity to show you. 
We take all the risk, you take none. Our 64-page catalog is the most 
complete spray pump catalog ever issued. Our booklet entitled, 
“SPRAYING”—How, What With and What For¬ 
is full of things you ought to know. These publications are ready 
for mailing and are free for the asking. Write today. 
THE HARDIE MFG. CO., Main Office and Factory, HUDSON, MICH. 
Branch Office and Warehouse 410 W. Race St., Martinsburg, W. Va. 
MODOC YOUR FRUIT TREES WITH 
MODOC 
LIME SULFUR SOLUTION 
Don’t experiment—you haven’t time. 
MODOC is made scientifically from 
pure ingredients. It tests 83° and 
massacres Snn Jose Scale, Blister Mite, 
the Coddling Moth, etc. 
Demand MODOC’ of your Dealer and 
tell us if he cannot supply you. Write 
for valuable sprnying circular. 
THE MODOC CO., 
108 Fourth St., Fernwood. Pa. 
MODOC 
THE SCALE KILLER 
SPRAY TREES NOW 
(While they are dormant) 
With SCALIME 
A perfect concentrated lime and sulphur 
spray that has stood the severest tests of the 
experiment stations. Strength guaranteed. 
Being scientifically prepared and always uni¬ 
form, it is far more effective than home-made 
solutions. Stronger than other brands, it 
will stand more dilution—therefore cheapor. 
SCALIME used now will positively control San 
Jose and otlior scalos; destroy eggs of Aphides 
and other posts that winter over on twigs and 
bark, as well as snores of fungus diseases. 
Sold by good dealers everywhere. Write 
for interesting literature. Mailed free. ' 
HORTICULTURAL CHEMICAL COMPANY 
131 S. Fourth St.. Philadelphia, Pa. 
Ito rNefrtm ? 
GEAR 
DRIVE 
SURE CURE FOR SAN JOSE SCALE 
CHEAPEST AND BEST 
Jarvis Spraying Compound has no superior. Buy 
from the manufacturers direct and save money. A 
gallon of Jarvis Spraying Compound makes 1C gal¬ 
lons of spray. Compound ready to mix with water. 
Sold in bbl. lots (60 gallons), 30 cents per gallon, 
lleferences—J. 11. llale, the “ Peach King,” or Prof. 
Jarvis of the Connecticut Agricultural College. 
They will tell you there is nothing better. 
The J . T . Robertson Co. Box U, Manchester, Conn 
GIVES ALL DAY SERVICE, 
under constant high pressure. 
SIMPLE, 
COMP A CT, 
PO WERFUL. 
Good for many years of hard work. 
Equipped with the “NEW WAY" Air¬ 
cooled Farm Engine, Riving two out¬ 
fits in one, for every-day use. 
Writ* today lor SPRAYER CATALOG S-5. 
_ -Wl. _ 
140 SHERIDAN STREET 
DEFEND YOUR TREES 
from Scale and Fungus dis¬ 
ease witii a 1 .El'lliN DKlt 
SP It AY Eli. Powerful 
two-line apparatus. Mado 
of Brass. Perfect construc¬ 
tion, easy working; 16 out¬ 
fits to select from. Satisfac¬ 
tion guaranteed. Descrip¬ 
tive circulars and prices 
free. C. S. HARD IS It, 
Uox 75, Cutskill, N. Y. 
Don’t Overlook the Importance of the Insecticide You Use 
If vour selection is right, your spraying will get results—it will pay. Start right. Select a brand you can depend 
upon—one that quickly kills chewing insects, such as the curculio, moths, borers, beetles, root-worms, 
canker-worms, potato bugs, etc. — 
ARSENATE OF LEAD 
HIGH QUALITY. LOW COST. 
Officially adopted by the New York State Fruit Growers’ Association 
last year, and again this year, because there was 
“not a single complaint.” 
Is so convenient, so effective, that once you use it you will continue. Always uniform; mixes easily; remains 
in suspension; acts quickly; sticks like paint to plants; docs not injure foliage or fruit. Paste form 
inany amount from one pound can to 600 pound barrel; Powder Form from one pound can to 100 pound keg. Always 
shipped in Hard Wood or Steel Containers. Absolutely superior to any other Arsenate of Lead and costs 
less. Accept no substitute. For a fungicide, use Key Brand Bordeaux Mixture;_ for combined insecticide and 
fungicide. Key Brand Bordo-Lead; and for scale killer, use Key Brand Scale Killer. Write us for circulars 
and special prices. Agents and wholesale distributors wanted. 
INTERSTATE CHEMICAL CO., 20 Bayview Ave., Jersey City, N. J. 
SPRAYS THAT PAYS 
KEYBRAND 
