288 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
March 2, 
Live Stock and Dairy 
How to Tell a Jersey. 
Will some one tell us how to pick out a 
purebred Jersey by her looks and shape? 
s. B. 
There is no way to tell a purebred 
Jersey from a grade except by her ped¬ 
igree, and even this depends a good deal 
upon the honesty of the breeder. In 
color, the Brown Swiss is very like a 
solid-colored gray Jersey, but no one 
at all acquainted with the two breeds 
would take one for the other. The 
Brown Swiss is more of a general-pur¬ 
pose cow; that is, she is of a near¬ 
beef type, of a rather heavy compact 
build, and not at all like the Jersey. 
The one most important distinguish¬ 
ing color mark in Jersey cattle is the 
white band around the nose just above 
the muzzle. This band does not show 
at birth, but appears when the animal 
is only a few months old, and becomes 
very prominent by the time it is a year 
old. This white band is generally the 
most pronounced on the dark-colored 
animals, the browns and “blacks.” As 
the animal grows older, this white band 
becomes more indistinct, gradually turn¬ 
ing dark, until in old age it becomes like 
the rest of the animal’s coloring. 
A person who is acquainted with the 
breed will at once distinguish the pres¬ 
ence of any amount of Jersey blood 
in an animal by the general build, and 
especially the carriage. The Jersey is 
the most refined in build of all cattle. 
The bone of the legs is fine and com¬ 
pact, like that of a highly-bred carriage 
horse. The head is fine, with a dished 
face and large, prominent eyes. The 
jowls are free from flesh, and the whole 
head has a “thoroughbred” appearance 
which appeals to the lover of the beau¬ 
tiful in animals. The neck is long and 
thin, and the withers are thin at the 
setting-on of the neck. The back is 
generally straight, and the hips are very 
broad in proportion to the rest of the 
body. The tail is set on well up, and 
very generally ends with a heavy switch. 
These general characteristics, combined 
with the ability to give the richest of 
milk, makes the Jersey the ideal family 
cow, and she is almost invariably chosen 
by the well-to-do who can afford the 
best, and who have an eye for the beau¬ 
tiful as well as the useful. This has 
caused the Jersey to be dubbed “the rich 
man’s plaything” by those who would 
sneer at her good qualities; but the fact 
remains that in every public test, where 
economy of production was paramount, 
the Jersey has come out ahead. 
New York. j. grant morse. 
A Talk About Sheep. 
I would like to ask Edward Van Alstyne 
the following questions: 
Do you consider the Tunis sheep good for 
20 to 30 head on a general farm? 2. Are 
they good to cross on mixed ewes? 3. Are 
they good as or better than Dorsets for 
early lambs? 4. About what price will 
I have to pay for a yearling ram or one 
old enough to use next Summer? 5. Which 
do you consider the best breed of sheep for 
the general farmer who keeps 25 head on 
a grain farm of 140 acres? G. M. n. 
Millington, N. J. 
1. The Tunis will do as well as any 
other in small or large flocks. It is 
a fact that a smaller number—no mat¬ 
ter what the breed—will give a larger 
proportionate return than a larger one. 
2. On general principles I am opposed 
to cross-breeding of animals. All the 
excellencies in any breed have been 
brought about through line breeding for 
generations. While one cross, where 
animals are not too disimilar, may give 
a superior animal for some purposes, 
yet in the next generation, no one 
knows where he will go. With this 
fact plainly set forth, I would say that 
when one has ewes of mixed, or no 
particular breed, the cross with them 
of a purebred Tunis ram is to be com- 
. mended; if the end in view is early 
lambs, will give as marked effect in the 
progeny as any I know of. They are 
an exceedingly old breed, having been 
kept pure for at least two centuries— 
they are the broad-tailed sheep of 
Africa—hence they mark their charac¬ 
teristics with certainty on their des¬ 
cendants. I know df several cases 
where a Tunis ram with ewes will, 
graded to one of the other breeds, give 
four-fifth of his lambs Tunis form 
and color. 
3. I believe the Dorsets will, as a 
breed, breed somewhat more readily 
in mid-Summer than the Tunis. I am 
certain that no lambs will lay in fat for 
the first three months, as the latter, 
a vital thing in growing early lambs. 
After that the Dorset lambs will grow 
better. 
4. A yearling ram will be satisfac¬ 
tory with from 25 to 30 ewes if he is 
well fed. It will depend somewhat on 
where you buy him, how much he will 
cost, the reputation of the breeder who 
has him, the quality and trueness to 
type, as well as the cost of transporta¬ 
tion, all have an effect on prices. A 
well matured, and good type Tunis 
yearling ram, will cost from $15 to $25. 
5. What a farmer intends to do with 
the lambs, and the character of his 
land, should be the determining factor 
in deciding which will be the best breed 
for him. The man who thinks that all 
the excellencies are done up in the par¬ 
ticular breed he owns or fancies, is 
either very ignorant or bigoted. If a 
man has rough land and plenty of 
pasture is is probable that the Delaine 
Merino type will serve him best. They 
are well adapted to hustling for food, 
can stand exposure, are good mothers, 
and while the lambs will not bring quite 
so much as will those from the strictly 
mutton breeds, they will shear from 
one-third to one-half more wool. If a 
man has rich pasture lands, abundance 
of good food, and will give adequate 
shelter and care, and Summer or Fall 
mutton lambs are the chief things, 
then one of the Downs. If he does not 
care to pasture many sheep, has com¬ 
fortable barns, and will feed liberally 
for about three months, and therefore 
would like to grow market Winter 
lambs, then by all means the Tunis or 
Dorset, or grades of them with a pure¬ 
bred ram. Or one may use the large¬ 
bodied fine-wool ewes, with a Down 
ram. All of these ewes will breed 
much earlier than will the Downs. 
EDWARD VAN ALSTYNE. 
Stock Feed in Texas. 
I was indeed very much Interested in the 
article on page 113 about lime on the farm. 
This is information we very much need in 
Texas. I wish I could get half of our 
farmers to subscribe to Tiie It. N.-Y. It 
would be the means of getting them to wake 
up from their despondency of the present; 
cotton, cotton and cotton, and no feed for 
live stock, with limestone in abundance, in 
many places in the way. We have two 
banks at our town and one of our bankers 
told me a few days ago that they have al¬ 
ready sent out $175,000 for feed, mostly for 
our farmers. It is safe to say that the 
other bank is doing likewise. This means 
for one town to swamp 7,000 bales of cot¬ 
ton or better for. feed that could just as 
well be producix! at home, if the proper 
efforts were made to grow Alfalfa and sim¬ 
ilar forage crops. I have recently sold 
some baled straw, barley and wheat, at $20 
per ton. Now, you might know how scarce 
feed is, considering that cotton at present 
prices does not pay cost of production, will 
give us an idea how the average farmers 
prosper at present. Really it is past my 
understanding how people can go it in such 
a way and not see their own interests. I 
have myself been growing and preaching Al¬ 
falfa for the last 15 years, and it is by 
far the best paying crop I have, not count¬ 
ing garden or orchard. When telling others 
of it, they generally shake their heads and 
say: “Well, I don’t know”—that is the 
last of it. w. j. s. 
Texas. 
30 
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IF SUCCESS AFTER FORTY 
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HOW IS SUCCESS 
AFTER SIXTY WON? 
For three generations the Pope family have lived on Bonnymeade Farm at 
Manchester, Maine, while pursuing their trade of blacksmiths. The grandfather, 
John Pope’, marketed the first tempered steel hay forks in America; but com¬ 
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Then it was that Chas. S. Pope, of the third generation, and already nearly six¬ 
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That was twelve years ago. Since then Mr. Pope has done more for his 
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and erected new buildings. Last year he sold 
$9,000 worth of Cream 
Read Mr. Pope’s letter: 
Manchester, Me., Feb. 5, 1912. 
We have used the U. S. Separator for 
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Chas. S. Pope & Sons. 
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Contains full information and complete feeding directions for using 
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181 Franklin Street, New York, N.Y. 
