314 
THE RURAb NEW-YORKER 
March 
THE COST OF A CROP AND THE CON¬ 
SUMER’S DOLLAR. 
There has been moTe or less talk. In these 
columns, which, it appears to the writer, 
has missed the main point, the entire hon¬ 
esty of the big cost of reaching the indi¬ 
vidual. A while ago I wanted some butter¬ 
nuts, and getting them at retail in town 
and bringing them out to the village seemed 
to make the cost a little high, so 1 tried 
an advertisement in The R. N.-Y. It 
“pulled” well, considering the subject, and 
evidently some very nice people think 
enough of butternuts to gather them. I had 
asked for only two bushels, but two of the 
tenders which came promptly seemed so 
reasonable that I decided to try each, and 
so, after a couple of weeks, I had a crop 
consisting of four bushels of butternuts, 
a grain bag and a box. Here is what it 
cost: 
Postage, including that on forwarded 
answers.. ..$.18 
Advertisement in R. N.-Y. 1.20 
Money orders. 06 
Nuts from Mr. Northwest Conn. 1.00 
Freight over two railroads.90 
Nuts and grain bag from Mr. Central 
New York. 1.15 
Freight over one railroad... .35 
$4.84 
Carting at this end cost nothing, so the 
nuts were $1.21 per bushel. Mr. Connecti¬ 
cut made no charge for the box, and the 
contents wore several small holes in Mr. 
York’s grain bag, and anyway, it would 
cost just 16 cents to send it to him by 
parcels post. But Mr. Connecticut’s nuts 
were fine and Mr. York’s also, except here 
and there one which seemed to suffer from 
premature old age, so I am well satisfied. 
But now tot us look at it from their 
point, remembering that from each I pur¬ 
chased exactly what I advertised to, so 
that the whole “get-together cost” is charge¬ 
able to each, as they look at it, and not to 
both. Mr. Connecticut got $1 and sent me 
two bushels of nuts and a box, and I paid 
out: 
Postage . $.16 
Advertisement . 1.20 
Money order. .03 
Nuts. 1.00 
Freight ......... .90 
$3.29 
That is, he got a little less than a third 
of my outlay as far as he was concerned. 
Mr. New York got $1.15 and sent me two 
bushels of nuts and a bag which likely 
cost him 15 cents, and I paid out:— 
Postage . $.10 
Advertisement .. 1.20 
Money order. 03 
Nuts and bag. 1.15 
Freight .. 35 
$2.89 
That is, he got a little more than a 
third of the outlay. IHven from my point 
of view, and remembering I did twice the 
intended volume of business, only 41 cents 
of each of my dollars really paid for nuts. 
This story teaches that it is not the 
carrying cost, rather high in one case and 
low in the other, that cuts into the pro 
ducer’s returns but the cost of doing indi¬ 
vidual business in small volume, and not 
until this cost is reduced will the maker 
get more of the user’s money. Some hon¬ 
est plan which will do this is the real need. 
c. 
R. N.-Y.—But look at the other side. 
What would the nuts have cost C. if he 
had bought them at retail? Not less than 
$3 per bushel. So anyway he’s, ahead. As 
for the farmers, they got more for the nuts 
than if they had shipped them to a com¬ 
mission man. Nor do we see the justice in 
charging the entire cost of the advertise¬ 
ment to each farmer. Suppose there were 
12 farmers willing to sell nuts. The cost 
of one inquiry would be 10 cents each. Sup¬ 
pose a farmer had 100 bushels to sell. He 
advertises at a cost of $4 and finds 50 cus¬ 
tomers. Each customer costs him eight 
cents. The profitable advertisement comes 
from the man who has things to sell, for 
be can divide up the cost among a number 
of orders. The man who has one want and 
advertises to have it filled must of course 
charge the cost to that single thing. This 
man wanted nuts. There are hundreds 
more who want nuts, apples, potatoes, 
cheese, butter, etc., by direct sale. The 
man who has these things can find these 
customers through an advertisement and 
he should make the advance. We do not 
say that all these things could be sold 
through The R. N.-Y. Very likely the local 
town paper would bring more sales, for 
until we get parcels post the high express 
rates will prohibit many small shipments. 
At the same time you can get about any¬ 
thing you want that is honest from readers 
of The R. N.-Y. 
Bonding Minnesota Con:.nission Men. 
The law, generally speaking, is giving 
good satisfaction, but still there is consid¬ 
erable complaint along certain lines, such 
as the number of broken or rotten eggs, 
the number of dead chickens In a coop, the 
test on cream, and the grading and prices 
of hay. I believe there is more complaint 
in regard to hay deals than anything. I 
know several persons who have shipped hay, 
and not one is satisfied with the treatment. 
In regard to all kinds of grain and live 
stock, there is very little complaint. 
Minnesota. e. j. fletcheb. 
Consumers at Arm’s Length. 
Why not persuade some of those farmers 
in the East to took over the fence and sell 
their produce in place's where it is scarce? 
They were complaining about apple prices 
last Fall when we were paying 15 cents per 
pound for inferior Idaho and Colorado 
apples. I paid $2.85 for a box of Idaho 
Ga.no about that time, 48 pounds of apples, 
almost as worthless as Ben Davis, and they 
were not even ripe. I received a few Snow 
apples from Nebraska that were a heap dif- 1 
ferent. Why cannot one buy black currant 
jam, gooseberry jam and quinces and apples 
homemade? Wake up, you folks; you are 
dead. G. B. 
Arizona. 
R. N.-Y.—Our people have often thought 
of that, but how can producer and consumer 
get together? Freight rates for that distance 
are prohibitive on bulky crops like apples. 
There would be some help with parcels post, 
particularly with manufactured articles like 
evaporated or preserved food. The goods 
will be ready if the buyers can stand the 
fearful cost of transportation. 
VERY CONCENTRATED LIME-SULPHUR. 
Agents for a well-known brand of lime- 
sulphur solution are around claiming their 
product contains 150 pounds of sulphur to 
every 50 gallons of solution. This is nearly 
twice the amount of sulphur which the 
New York Experiment Station recommends , 
for making the homemade product for a 50- | 
gallon concentrate. Will the scientists ex¬ 
plain whether 150 pounds of sulphur can 
be united with about half that amount of 
lime in a 50-gallon solution? Will the 
Beaum£ hydrometer tell approximately the 
amount of sulphur in a given solution? 
New York. w. a. b. 
It is possible to make a lime-sulphur so¬ 
lution which will contain 150 pounds of 
sulphur in 50 gallons of solution. This is 
largely a matter of concentration, and Is 
accomplished either by using a small 
amount of water in boiling or by evaporat¬ 
ing the solution in the case of more dilute 
mixtures. If you will consult our Bulletin 
329 you will see under what conditions 
such a concentrated solution can be made. 
You will also find in this same bulletin 
details in regard to the accuracy of the : 
Bcaumd hydrometer in telling the amount 
of sulphur iu a given mixture. 
U L. VAN SLYKE, j 
Geneva Experiment Station. Chemist. 
Dime-sulphur solutions will contain al¬ 
most 150 pounds of sulphur to 52 gallons 
of solution, provided its density is as great 
as 36 degrees Beaume and that the solu¬ 
tion is practically of one or two com¬ 
pounds, namely, the poly and penta sul¬ 
phides. Of course, the solution can be 
readily, made to test 33 degrees Beau m6 by 
adding adulterations which greatly increase 
the density of the solution. Normally, 
however, lime-sulphur solution testing 33 
degrees Beaumd contains 2.67 pounds of 
sulphur in each gallon of solution. Lime- 
sulphur solution testing 36 degrees Beaunto 
contains 2.99 pounds of sulphur in each 
gallon of solution. This means that a nor¬ 
mal solution of lime-sulphur which tests 
only 33 degrees Beaunto will contain only 
133.5 pounds of sulphur in solution, in 
each 50 gallons of liquid. Normally a 
Beaume hydrometer test is approximately 
correct, ana is considered as one of the 
best methods for determining the amount 
of sulphur in solution in lime-sulphur mix¬ 
tures. However, if there is any adultera¬ 
tion, it would be impossible to determine 
it by hydrometer test. w. H. Goodwin. 
Ohio Station. 
A close perusal of the New York State 
Experiment Station bulletins upon lime- 
sulphur washes would indicate that it might 
be possible for a manufacturer to make a 
lime-sulphur concentrated wash containing 
150 pounds of sulphur in each 50 gallons 
of clear liquid. Such a concentrate would 
probably test 35 to 36 degrees Beaunto and 
have a specific gravity of approximately 
1.329, provided it was made only of lime 
and sulphur, and that the original amount 
of sulphur was in solution when tested 
with the hydrometer. I should, however, 
expect that a solution of such strength 
might crystallize out to some extent, which 
would of course lower the specific gravity. 
It has been found that in the home making 
of lime-sulphur concentrate there is a more 
economical production of lime sulphides and 
much less sediment produced if the mix¬ 
ture is not made in a highly concentrated 
form; hence the recommendation of the ! 
New York Experiment Station of SO pounds 
sulphur, 40 pounds lime to 50 gallons of 
water. Relative to the Beaunto hydrometer 
being an accurate indicator of the amount 
of sulphur in a given solution, will quote 
as follows from popular Bulletin 329 and 
330 of New York State Experiment Station: 
"But chemical study of solutions of differ* 
ent densities, as shown by Beaumg hydro¬ 
meter readings, proves that a difference of 
one degree Beaumd docs not quite corre¬ 
spond to equal quantities of sulphur iu so¬ 
lutions of low density and in those of high 
density. For example, of 62 samples of known 
composition that were tested, practically all 
of those reading below 25 degrees BeaumS 
contained from 0.60 to 0.70 per cent of 
sulphur in solution for each degree BeaumA 
Those testing from 25 to 30 degrees Beaumg 
from 0.70 to 0.75 per cent for each degree, 
and those testing 30 to 36 degrees from 0.75 
to 0.78 for a degree. In other words, so¬ 
lutions of high density contain somewhat 
more sulphur for each degree Beaume than 1 
those o” low density.” V. B. 
R. N.-Y.—In all these discussions of 
lime-sulphur mixtures you notice a test of i 
“30 degrees Beaunto” or mention of the 
Ben nme hydrometer. This refers to the 
method of finding the density or specific 
gravity of the mixture. The more sulphur 
and lime in a gallon of water the more it 
will weigh and the more lighter substances j 
will rise in it. The Beaumd hydrometer is ! 
a glass instrument so regulated that it [ 
will float at a certain depth in pure water. 
In the lime-sulphur this hydrometer will 
rise out of the water as the mixture bo 
comes heavier, or as more lime and sulphur 
are put in. The glass is marked on a scale, 
and when it rises so that HO floats at the 
surface we have what is called “30 
Beaume,” which indicates the comparative j 
strength or density. 
Plant Fruits 
You Can Grow 
Don’t waste time on kinds not 
adapted to your section. An 
apple which is fine for Maine 
maybe a complete failure in the 
Carolinas. We grow all the lead- 
varieties in our mammoth 
nurseries and have tried most of 
them in our widely scattered 
orchards. Hence we know which 
best for most localities, and 
■ou fallow our advice you’ll 
plant only trees known to do 
well in your section. 
Get Our New Catalog 
It teHs where each important variety 
does best, ’exrrtarns the influence of ele¬ 
vation and latitude, gives plans for plant¬ 
ing. etc.. Free if you tell us how much 
fruit planting you intend to do. 
Send 50 cents for “ How to Grow and 
Market Fruit a complete guide book. 
amount will be rebated on your first 
$5 order. 
Come to Berlin— see and select your 
own trees. We’ll pay your hotel bill 
during your stay here. 
HARRISON’S NURSERIES 
Trappe Ave., Berlin, Maryland 
Valuable Farms for Sale 
SURE GROW 
500,000 Apple, Pear, Peach, Plum and 
Cherry trees for sale. Berry plants, 
vines, roses and shrubs. 
Thirty-three years of fruit-tree growing 
enables us to furnish absolutely the 
best tree* money can buy. Green’s trees 
are true to name, hardy and bear such 
delicious fruit as thirty-three years of 
the most scientific grafting can produce. 
ttsevrs prices arrm two. 
Greens. 
DIRECT TO TOO. 
AH we ask is one small profit. This 
means you get your trees at half what 
agents charge. 
SEND FOR GREEN’S FREE 1912 CATALOG. 
R tells you how to plant and care for your 
trees, and gives other valuable in formation. 
If you send now, at once, you will also get 
Green’s Book, “How I Made the Old Farm 
Fay.” 
Established 33 years. Capital $100,000 
GREEN'S NURSERY COMPANY 
Box 22« Roohester, N.Y. 
Evergreens Make You Money 
They add to your profits from farm, gar¬ 
den and orchard ; they satzte feed and fuel. 
Our 1912 Planter’s Guide tells how and 
why. We grow more Evergreens than any 
other firm—and we grow them right. 
Every dollar put in Evergreens will add 
five dollars to the value of your place. 
Send today for book and 50 Bargain Offers. 
D. HILL NURSERY COMPANY, Inc. 
Evergreen Specialists 
Walnut St., Dundee, Ill. 
The Griesa Nurseries 
OF LAWRENCE, KANSAS 
arc offering this spring an unusually fine and 
large stock of Fruit and Ornamental Trees. Write 
us at once. Get our Catalog and Price List Free. 
A. gents wanted . 
BOO v arietles. Also Grapes, Small Fruits, etc. Besi 
rooted .stock. Genuine, cheap. 2 sample currants mailed for 10c. 
Catalog free. LEWIS KOKSCII k SON, Box Ji , Fredonla, N. IT, 
FRUIT Choicest Western New York Grown- 
TREES Fresh from the ground. 
Lowest 1 -ricen. 
Catalogue Free. 
BLOSSOM NURSERIES, 583 Blossom Road. Rochester, N.Y. 
True-to-Name Catalpa Trees £oney in b e ack 01 “? 
no* true “.pecioBa. Also Catalpa Beed.^ Cypress 
trees, most beautiful in the world. Free booklet. 
H. C. ROGERS, Box 111 Mechanlcsburg, Ohio 
I ET ME SAVE YOU MOXEY—Send for wholesale price list of 
Fruit Trees and Berry Plants. Ward BlackberryPJants,$ 7.00 
per M. Ask jyout Ranere Everbearing Raspberry—my intro¬ 
duction. ELMER A. PRIESTLEY, R.F.D. No. 1 , Winslow, N. J. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and a 
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
RELIABLE 
FRUIT TREES 
We do not ask for your orders 
simply because we are one of the 
oldest nursery firms in the business 
or because we are the largest in this 
section of the country. But we do ask 
your business on the merits of our trees 
and plants—the best and most reliable that 
money can buy. Our long experience and 
success is your guarantee that our pro¬ 
duct and prices are right. 
Send a postal today for our practical 
Booklet. It boils down for your benefit 
what we have learned during thirty years’ 
experience in growing fruit. 
BARNES BROS. NURSERY CO. 
Box 8, Yalesville. Conn. 
“BLACK’S QUALITY” 
FRUIT TREES 
NONE BETTER 
None Give Better Returns when They Fruit 
Buy Direct From the Nursery 
and save agent’s discounts and tuiddleman’s 
profits. When you buy our trees you get a 
Dollar's Worth of Trees 
for every one hundred cents you remit to us. 
PEACH and APPLE TREES 
a specialty. CATALOGUE FREE 
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO. 
HIGHTSTOWN. N. J. 
NURSERY STOCK 
HIGH GRADE-VARIETIES TRUE 
NO DISEASE 
Freight paid to your station. Full value for 
your money and satisfaction guaranteed. 
Write at once for New Descriptive Price List. 
NEW HAVEN NURSERIES 
Dept. B, 
New Haven, Missour 
FRUIT At Wholesale FROM 
TDUrC Fresh dug stock,free ppnWCD 
1 KLEO from scale, and trueto URU W JCJtV 
name. All kinds—lowest prices—guaranteed stock. 
Send us your planting list for quotation. We invito 
comparison. Catalog FREE. Established 1879. 
L. W. HALL 8 CO.. 865 Culler Buildino, ROCHESTER, N. ¥. 
Trees at Wholesale Prices 
We have no agents. WeseUdirectonly. You pay 
us about half what agents charge and get trees 
guaranteed to be healthy and true to name. 
We Prepay Freight 
Onordersamountingto$7.50netorover.We 
grow Apple, Peach, Pear, Plum, Cherry, 
Quince, Shade and Ornamental trees. 
, Also shrubs, berry bushes, and plants. See 
exceptionally low pricesin.!912Catalog F 
ffm. P. RUPSRT & SON, Box 20 Seneca, H.Y. 
TREES 
Catalog Free 
150 ACRES. Genesee 
Valley grown. “Not the 
cheapest, but the best.” 
Never have had San Jose 
Scale. Established 1869. 
GEO. A. SWEET NURSERY CO. 
20 Maple St., Dansville, N.Y. 
Peach and Apple Trees 
For fall or spring planting. Prices right; stock 
right. MYEIi & SON, Bridgeville, Delaware 
FRUIT TREES 
Don’t place your order for Trees and Plants 
until you get our illustrated-deseriptive CATA¬ 
LOGUE. All stock first-class and prices very low. 
We guarantee safe delivery and SATISFACTION 
L’AMOREAU X NURSERY CO., Schohaeik, N. Y 
FDFCU niir Trees and Plants 
I If L JII U U U at Wholesale Prices 
10 Grape Vines Worth $ 1.OO for 7 Sc. 
2 Worden, 2 Concord, 1 Campbell Ea. Black, 
2 Niagara, 1 Chas.A.Green White, 1 Bright¬ 
on, I Delaware Red.'_ All 2 yr. vines for 75c. 
Send a list of your wants for wholesale 
prices. Also FREE illustrated catalogue. 
WELLS’ WHOLESALE NURSERIES 
F. W. Well*, Prop., Box 48, Dansville, N. Y. 
Pomeroy Hardy English Walnut Trees 
Profitable Orchards—Beautiful Lawn Shade Trees. 
Booklet Feee. 
Daniel N. Pomeroy, English Walnut Farm, Lockport, N. Y 
FRUIT TREES 
25 
Trees and Plants. 
Norway Spruce 
at low prices. 
Prices are 
I Send for Catalog 
| and close prices. 
YEARS’ experience in growing and selling them direct 
to largest planters of business orchards in the country. 
Can give references in very large numbers. We located onr 
nurseries here because it is conceded to be the very best 
location in the State of New York for producing first-class 
right and we will guarantee satisfaction. Barberry Thunbergii and 
F. A. GUERNSEY & CO., Schoharie, N. Y. 
FRUIT TREES 
For a Quarter of aCentury we have been repre¬ 
sented on this page, we again call your attention 
to OUR DEPENDABLE FRUIT TREES, 
Our values are good because our trees arc 
reliable and will cause you no disappoint¬ 
ment. Free catalog mailed on request. 
X2T. Si. WXIjEY dte SON, Box 33, Cayuga, 3XT.Y. 
800,000 Apples FRUIT TREES 675,000 Peaeli 
We grow What trees we seH from bearing orchards and furnish them direct to the 
planter at 75 per cent less than you pay agents and dealers. Every Tree as Represented 
and Guaranteed free f rom scale, f*esli dug, and personal attention given each order. 
Fruit Tree Collection-10 Trees worth $2.60 for $1.75. 
1 McIntosh 1 Banana Apple 1 Niagara 1 Elberta Paach 1 Bartlett 
1 Clapp’s Fav. Pear 1 Montmorency 1 Bing Cherry 1 York State Prune 1 Orange Quince 
AH Extra Size, First-Class, 2-Year Trees, 6 to 7 Feet High—10 Trees for $1*75» 
Everybody write for free illustrated catalog, Established 26 yrs; 250 acres; capital $60,000, 
MALONEY BROS . & WELLS CO. Box 54 Dansville, /V. Y. 
