1912. 
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER 
323 
WHAT VARIETIES OF APPLES? 
No. HI. 
What the Growers Say. 
If replanting to-day I would set much 
the same varieties as were selected at the 
outset, which wei’e Baldwin, Rhode Island, 
Northern Spy, Sutton, Gravenstein, Mc¬ 
Intosh, Wealthy, Wagoner, Yellow Trans¬ 
parent and Red Astrachan. I should do it, 
however, with considerable hesitation, for 
it seems not improbable that some of the 
newer varieties, such as Delicious, King 
David, Stayman, Wismer, Ontario and quite 
a number of others, which I am testing in 
a small way, may prove to be superior, in 
some or many respects, to the older varie¬ 
ties, and in the coming days of trial for 
the apple-growing industry there will be 
profit only for the men who have the best 
varieties and who can produce them for 
the least money. I would reject Sutton 
from a present-day planting, because of 
its susceptibility to European canker and 
collar and root rots. In quality and hardi¬ 
ness it is superior to its progenitor, the 
Baldwin, but it is very trying to see well- 
grown trees in full bearing die with an un¬ 
reachable complaint. H. w. heaton. 
Rhode Island. 
There are many fancy kinds introduced 
that are tempting to the prospective or- 
chardist; they are fine, they yield well and 
have all the good points. But it is gen¬ 
erally better to let them alone and confine 
the attention to the standard varieties that 
are known and are wanted in the market. 
It is hard to pave the way with the new 
kinds. The man planting new orchards 
should have some well-defined marketing 
plans, should know whether he will grow 
apples for general or special market; on 
this wili largely depend his choice of va¬ 
rieties. lie should grow as few kinds as 
possible and would do well to make him¬ 
self a specialist with one or two kinds, and 
have them in sufficient quantity to at¬ 
tract buyers. Then the important question 
of “adaptability” comes in, and it must be 
given great weight. He should seek to 
know whether the apple he wants will do 
well in his soil and locality; to know as 
well as he may just where any particular 
variety will do the best. For iustance, it 
will not do to plant Greenings in light soil, 
and the heavy soil is not the best place 
for the Baldwin. I have Jonathans planted 
in two soils, and there is a decided dif¬ 
ference in favor of the fine loam rather 
than the coarser gravelly loam. Even the 
experienced planter may go astray in these 
matters. Here is a list of highly desirable 
kinds suited to conditions here, and were 
I now planting I would cut it down as 
much as possible: McIntosh, Alexander, 
Twenty Ounce, Baldwin, Greening, Northern 
Spy, York Imperial, Jonathan and King. 
Dutchess Co., N. Y. w. s. teator. 
Here in the West I should plant for com¬ 
mercial purposes Jonathan, York, Ingram, 
Grimes, Gano, Ben Davis, Huntsman. 
Blacktwig and Stayman’s Winesap for Win¬ 
ter varieties; Maiden Blush, Wealthy 
and Lowell for Fall varieties; Early Har¬ 
vest, Red June, Early Pennock, Benoni, 
Sops of Wine, for Summer. A Winter 
sweet apple is Ladies’ Sweet: a Fall sweet 
apple, Paradise Sweet; Summer, Broadwell 
Sweet. L. A. GOODMAN. 
Missouri. 
My orchards and those in this immediate 
vicinity are composed of three varieties, 
viz., Albemarle Pippin in the rich moun¬ 
tain hollows, Winesap and York Imperial on 
the ridges. We have always raised these 
varieties, and they have borne well and 
brought good prices in this and the Eng¬ 
lish markets, so I do not think we can im¬ 
prove on these varieties for this section, 
although other sorts do well. A prominent 
New York buyer advises me to plant the 
Virginia Winesap instead of the York Im¬ 
perial. He said the Virginia Winesap was 
a fancy apple and could not be grown to 
perfection elsewhere, but that the York Im¬ 
perial was a commercial apple and could 
be grown anywhere. j. j. boaz. 
Virginia. 
I would select the varieties that were do¬ 
ing the best (the money-makers) in the 
section in which I was located, and let the 
other fellow do the experimenting. Out of 
several new varieties for this section that I 
planted only two look promising; they are 
the Jonathan and York Imperial; add our 
friend Ben Davis. j. a. h. 
Ulster Co.. N. Y. 
Different localities seem to require dif¬ 
ferent varieties, and it depends largely 
upon what market one intends to cater to. 
Some markets demand a large apple, while 
others prefer smaller ones. I planted 12 
acres two years ago and set the following 
varieties: Duchess of Oldenburg, Twenty 
Ounce, McIntosh, Stayman’s Winesap, Rome 
Beauty, Jonathan, Grimes Golden and 
Greening. My choice of them all would be 
Twenty Ounce and McIntosh, and possibly 
Rome and Stayman. This variety has not 
done so well for me until last year when 
some six-year-old trees had over two barrels 
apiece on, and they came out very nicely; 
rather surprised me from what I had seen 
of them before. ' I am growing an apple 
called White Pippin which is a beautiful 
fruit of very fine quality, but it requires 
very careful spraying to grow it success¬ 
fully. If I were planting an orchard this 
Spring I probably would include the De¬ 
licious. I think fully as much depends on 
the care given the trees as the varieties. 
Many of the old varieties can be grown at 
a handsome profit if properly grown ; even 
the much abused Ben Davis is a very profit¬ 
able apple. I am soiling mine even" at this 
year of such an enormous crop from $3 to 
$4-50 a barrel. j. h. Barclay. 
New Jersey. ■ 
As local markets are usually good I give 
a list for the season. First to ripen is 
Yellow June or Early May, small but good ; 
Yellow Transparent, Early Harvest, Re<r- 
June, Williams Favorite, Summer Rose, 
Oldenburg, Benoni, few Golden Sweet, 
Chenango, or Stump is said to be better, 
Wealthy, Western Beauty, Sweet Bough, 
.Tefferis, Maiden Blush, Fall Pippin, Graven¬ 
stein, Bailey Sweet, (Alexander and Wolf 
River for show.) I have not tried Mc¬ 
Intosh, Wagener, Jonathan, Grimes; try a 
few Delicious, Rome Beauty, Ensee, York 
Imperial, Rail’s Janet, but Ingram is better 
in color and not subject to crack like 
Rail’s. Of about 75 other varieties I have 
I do not consider them as good as these 
mentioned. There are probably some other 
good ones I have not fruited. Of standard 
Winter varieties Jonathan, Grimes and 
Rome Beauty have proven out, and Ensee 
is promising, as the quality is in it, also 
Rail’s or Ingram for late, and York is pro¬ 
ductive if desired. o. t. cox. 
Southern Ohio. 
Our present light on what varieties of 
apples to plant is as follows: Half of the 
orchard to Spy, Greening and Baldwin, 
using three times as many Spys as either 
of the others. The remainder of the or¬ 
chard would be divided amongst the fol¬ 
lowing six varieties: McIntosh, Rome 
Beauty, King, Wealthy, Twenty Ounce and 
Oldenburg. The rate of division would be 
determined by the size of the local mar¬ 
ket; if good would plant more McIntosh 
and Wealthy; if not, plant more Rome 
Beauty and King. This selection applies 
more particularly to Onondaga Co., N. Y., 
than to western New York. 
GRANT G. HITCHINGS. 
Onondaga Co., N. Y. 
I have about 50 acres of apple orchard 
bearing, that my father set out, some 
about GO years ago, and so on down until 
about 40 years ago he set out the last. 
It is mostly Baldwins and It. I. Greenings; 
about 125 trees Maiden Blush and 75 trees 
Talman Sweet; 50 Roxbury Russet. I 
have set out one orchard of about 100 
trees of King and 12 acres more of It. 1. 
Greenings with fillers of Twenty Ounce, 
trees set 20x40 feet, and in a year or two I 
intend to set out about 200 Maiden Blush. 
I am going to furnish the buds this Winter 
to have them grown for me. Knowing 
what I do at present, if I was to start all 
over again, I would set about the same 
varieties. Baldwins need lighter ground 
than Greenings. My Greenings are bring¬ 
ing more than my Baldwins this Winter 
when apples are so cheap; they have been 
bringing $3.50, $3.75 and mostly $4 in New 
York. Baldwins are bringing $3.50 to 
$3.75. I think New York State ought to 
grow what they can grow best, and we can 
grow Baldwins and R. I. Greenings better 
than any other State. They are what 
every market wants and they bring the 
money. It makes me tired to hear them 
discuss the varieties we ought to set. I 
was talking to a young man last week at 
Rochester. He said he had about 30 acres 
of apples and about 40 kinds, only a few 
barrels of each kind, not enough for a 
carload. w. p. Rogers. 
Wayne Co., N. Y. 
As a rule each locality has varieties of 
apples that seem adapted to that locality, 
and but few of the standard Eastern kinds 
are grown much here in northern Illinois. 
I will give the list of varieties planted in 
one of our main orchards 15 or 16 years 
ago, and also of an orchard planted last 
Spring, with some comments on the selec¬ 
tions. The older orchard was planted with 
Duchess for early, some Snow and Itams- 
dell Sweet for Fall, Jonathan, Salome, Ben 
Davis and Willow. It will be noted that 
this gives a succession of apples from Sum¬ 
mer to late Winter, the Willow being our 
long keeper in this locality. This gives a 
good long picking season and a fair suc¬ 
cession of varieties. We do not care for 
late Summer or early Fall apples, as at 
that season there is apt to be a light de¬ 
mand in full crop years. 
The Duchess were used as fillers between 
the Willow. The Snow have been slow in 
coming into full bearing, and should have 
had Duchess planted as fillers instead of 
all being Snow. The planting was in 
blocks or sections, of one variety, mostly of 
10 rows each, but some of a less number. 
Up to this time it would have been more 
profitable to have planted Salome in place 
of the Fall apples. 
The last orchard was planted in sections 
of four rows of a kind, using as fillers 
Duchess and Wealthy. The main varieties 
are Jonathan, Salome and Willow, with a 
few McIntosh, experimentally. To these I 
would add, if more varieties are wanted, 
some Ben Davis, Red Canada, Dominie and 
Wagoner, but the latter as a filler only un¬ 
less it could be top-worked on some other 
kind, as ordinarily it is short-lived, the 
trunks of the trees becoming affected. All 
of these varieties are of good quality (ex¬ 
cept Ben Davis and it does have its place 
in a commercial orchard in this section), 
but I would plant these latter kinds in 
much smaller proportion than the Jona¬ 
than, Salome and Willow. All these varie¬ 
ties are adapted for a trade like ours, 
largely with the retailer and the consumer, 
in a section where there is a demand for 
quality as well as looks. For the general 
market plant good handlers and keepers 
and “good lookers” like Salome, Jonathan, 
Ben Davis and Willow. The Salome orig¬ 
inated in northern Illinois, near here, and 
is practically the only addition to the list 
of commercial varieties that ha3 been 
proved in the last 25 or 30 years, and it 
took this variety 20 or 25 years to estab¬ 
lish its place. For a farmer’s family or¬ 
chard I always recommend the commercial 
varieties with the addition of one or two 
trees each, of some other Summer and Fall 
varieties to maintain a succession. Those 
kinds which succeed commercially are the 
ones for the ordinary farmer to plant, 
leaving the newer and untested ones for 
the amateur. One word as to fillers. It 
is a doctrine which I practise but do not 
preach. It takes nerve to thin out when 
necessary, more than most planters have, 
and I must confess that I cannot nearly 
always resist the temptation to leave a 
tree “just one year more" than it ought 
to stand for the good of its neighbors. 
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