3-40 
THE RURAt NEW-YORKER 
March, i), 
No Excuse for auy Cow Owner 
Being Without One 
There is no reason- why any cow owner who sells cream or 
makes butter should be without a cream separator and there is 
no excuse why he should not have the best separator. 
Any creameryman or experienced dairyman will tell you that 
a good cream separator will give you a 
great deal more and a great deal better 
butter than you can make with any gravity 
setting system, and equally, of course, more 
and better cream, if you are selling cream. 
The DE LAYAL is acknowledged by 
creamerymen and the best posted dairymen 
the world over to be the “World’s 
Standard” and the one and only separa¬ 
tor that always accomplishes the best results 
possible and always gives satifaction. 
You cannot make the excuse that you 
can’t afford to buy a De Laval, because it 
will not only save its cost over any gravity setting in six months 
and any other separator in a year but is sold either for cash or 
on such liberal terms that it will actually pay for itself. 
A little investigation will prove to you that the truth of the 
matter is that you really can’t afford to make cream or butter 
Without the use of a DE LAYAL cream separator. 
The nearest De Laval local agent will be glad to demonstrate 
this to your own satisfaction, or you may write to us direct. 
The De Laval Separator Co. 
NEW YORK CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO SEATTLE 
“f'AQT-T TAT This is out 
v/lOXi X xxX^XVO Salesman 
More About the Underground Silo. 
I intend to build a concrete silo this 
Summer and would like to have your 
opinion of my idea. I intend to go into 
the ground as far as convenient for 
digging, about 10 to 15 feet; intend to 
raise silage as with a carrier. Will it 
keep well under ground? If I can go 
so deep will go yet about 20 to 25 feet 
above ground, 10 feet diameter. Will 
use it mostly for young cattle. To get 
material, intend to hire stone crusher 
and crush stones—sandstone. I think 
I do not need much else besides cement 
and heavy wire for reinforcements. I 
have not decided on roof yet Ought it 
to be light ? Any suggestions will be 
greatly appreciated. c. R. b. 
Pennsylvania. 
R. N.-Y.—The article on page 250 
seems sensible and complete. We have 
have had no personal experience but 
would like to try a small silo for a few 
head of stock. What are the objec¬ 
tionable feature of the underground 
silo aside from the trouble in getting 
the silage out? There is a good subject 
to chop up. 
Ill Smelling Butter. 
In making my butter (the cow is a fine 
Jersey) it is streaked but the flavor is good; 
that simply hurts its appearance. My 
main trouble is this. After the first day 
the butter takes on a most disagreeable 
odor, and by the time it is four or five 
days old the butter will scent up a whole 
room. The cow came in on December 11, 
seems well, has an enormous appetite. We 
give her eight quarts of grain in morning, 
four at noon, with about 15 pounds of the 
best hay, and eight quarts grain at night. 
The grains consist of beet pulp, cornmeal, 
brewers’ grains and bran, equal proportions. 
I have no yard, so she stands in the barn 
all the time. You understand the flavor of 
the butter is not affected in the least. 
Two friends have made the same complaint. 
G. 
Streaks in butter may be caused by 
the presence of particles of casein when 
the buttermilk is not all washed out. An 
uneven distribution of salt, an insuffi¬ 
cient amount of working or having the 
cream too warm or over-ripe may cause 
white streaks. Stop churning while 
your butter is still in granular form. 
Wash two or three times with plenty of 
water (no colder than the cream), al¬ 
lowing the water to remain on the but¬ 
ter for about five minutes each rinsing. 
In working, press down with the ladle, 
with a sliding or scraping movement. 
You are feeding too much grain. 
About eight pounds a day, with 15 
pounds hay, is generally considered 
enough for a Jersey cow of average 
size and capacity. I assume that your 
hay is largely Timothy. In that case 
substitute cotton-seed meal for corn- 
meal in your mixture. Your ration as it 
stands is too rich. If possible, give 
some succulent food, such as potato 
peelings, cull apples or roots. Give ac¬ 
cess to salt at all times, with plenty of 
water at least twice a day, good ventila¬ 
tion and sunshine if possible. 
It is hard to say what is the cause of 
the bad odor in your butter. Possibly a 
feverish condition of the cow due to 
overfeeding and lack of exercise may 
have something to do with it. See that 
every utensil which comes in contact 
with milk, cream or butter is thorough¬ 
ly washed, scalded and aired each time 
it is used. Be sure that neither milk, 
cream, butter nor dairy salt are exposed 
to evil odors about the stable or else¬ 
where. Churn often, say twice a week, 
keeping the cream cold until 12 hours 
before churning. You might try the ef¬ 
fect of heating the cream to a tempera¬ 
ture of 150 degrees, holding it there for 
20 minutes, then cooling to 70 degrees, 
adding a starter consisting of a little 
good, clean buttermilk, or skim-milk 
from a dairy where first-class butter is 
being produced. The cream should be 
ready to churn 12 hours after the start¬ 
er is added. If your trouble still con¬ 
tinues I would advise consulting a vet¬ 
erinarian. c. s. M. 
Guinea Fowl. 
Few farmers know the value of the 
Guinea fowl. It is the purpose of this 
article to make known some of the uses 
and habits of these birds. When left to 
themselves Guineas are semi-wild, roost¬ 
ing in trees, laying their eggs and rear¬ 
ing their young in secluded places; how¬ 
ever, if gently handled and never fright¬ 
ened they become more domesticated, 
eating with other fowls, roosting with 
them and sometimes laying in their 
nests. One objection that has been 
brought against Guineas is their Imrsh, 
unpleasant cry; however, this cry is 
said to frighten away hawks, and they 
are therefore a protection to young 
chickens. 
Guineas are natural wanderers. The 
ordinary chicken yard will not confine 
them, as they are good flyers, readily 
alighting on the roofs of barns or other 
outbuildings. Guineas do not scratch 
and destroy crops as other fowls do. 
They are of good economic importance 
because of their fondness for the as¬ 
paragus beetle and other troublesome 
insects, and during the open season se¬ 
cure the greater part of their living in 
this way, seldom coming for food if in¬ 
sects are plentiful. The male and the 
female look so much alike that they are 
not easily distinguished by the ordinary 
observer. On the top of the head is a 
bony growth called a helmet. In the 
male bird this is taller than in the fe¬ 
male; another distinguishing mark of 
the male is the lobes or wattles which 
are much longer and larger than in the 
female. If there are more males than 
females in the flock there will be fight¬ 
ing, and the number of males should be 
reduced. 
The laying season begins in April and 
continues until early Fall, each female 
laying 50 or 60 eggs, but by careful 
breeding this number may be increased. 
The eggs are somewhat smaller than 
hens’ eggs, and are dotted with brown 
spots. The shell is not easily broken, 
for it is exceptionally hard and thick. 
In quality the Guinea’s egg equals or 
surpasses the hen’s egg. A Guinea will 
easily cover 17 of her eggs, but it is pre¬ 
ferable to set them under a hen, as the 
female Guinea is apt to wander too far 
and too fast before the young are strong 
enough to follow. The mother and her 
young should not be confined after the 
first few days, as the young Guineas 
thrive on insect food. The flesh of the 
Guinea is exceptionally fine and there is 
an increasing demand for it. As wild 
game is becoming more scarce the meat 
of this bird is taking its place as it has 
a gamey flavor. G. T. 
A “Blend" in Stock Food. 
A firm of feed brokers in St. Louis, 
Mo., is sending samples of dried black 
muck or peat to feed dealers, suggest¬ 
ing its use as a “blend” in stock food. 
It is claimed that this peat contains 18 
per cent of protein and 31 of carbo¬ 
hydrates. In the circular which goes 
with the sample we find the following: 
We understand the United States Govern¬ 
ment has advocated the use of same as a 
feed for the horses in the United States 
Army, and that the German government has 
done likewise. We also understand that the 
Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines 
at Washington, is now publishing a bulle¬ 
tin covering this article as a feed. It is a 
very healthful feed and its chief use would 
be that of blending or mixing with other 
feed stuffs to prevent same from caking, and 
as an absorber of moisture. In addition to 
this it will positively prevent scouring, and 
for this reason is well adapted for use in 
molasses feeds. Now, as regards its color: 
this will blend with most any feed and 
lose its color if blended only up to say 
20 per cent. A 10 per cent mixture will 
positively lose its identity. 
The sample was black as coal and re¬ 
sembled the muck which is used as a 
“filler” in fertilizers. The War Depart¬ 
ment informs us that no tests of feed¬ 
ing this peat are contemplated. The 
best authorities we can find do not ad¬ 
vise such feeding. Geo. M. Rommel, 
Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry, 
writes that he has gone all over the 
matter and “can find no references 
where peat has been fed with any 
amount of success to farm animals.” It 
has been mixed with molasses and fed, 
but there is nothing to show that it could 
be profitably mixed with ground feed. 
The scheme looks like a plan for work¬ 
ing off some more “stuff” under the 
guise of “feed.” Of course such peat 
will contain nitrogen and analysis might 
show part of it. This would all be 
credited to “protein,” though even an 
ostrich might have the stomach-ache 
after eating it. There was an old farmer 
years ago who salted the sheep in the 
swamp, arguing that they would lick up 
some of the black soil and “fill up” on 
it. It should be one of his descendants 
now offering this peat as a “blend” in 
stock food. This same farmer mixed 
sawdust with the grain! His argument 
was that the stock might get something 
out of it as “it passed along.” 
“Mrs. Jones, my egg is bad again this 
morning; I can’t possibly eat it.” 
“Have you tried the other end, sir?” 
—Punch. 
Excited Father : “Heavens, Marne, 
the baby got at my gold watch!” Calm 
Mamma: “And what did the darling 
do, dear?” Excited Father: “Bit off 
from half-past 1 to 11:4S with his little 
tooth.”—Philadelphia Bulletin. 
“Miss Fanny, is that a langwidge 
that man’s talking?” “Yes, Rose; he 
is a German, and he is studying Eng¬ 
lish.” “Why, Miss Fanny, ye don’t 
have to study English; ye jes’ opens 
your mouth and talks.”—Woman’s 
Journal. 
The Fertilizer Materials Supply Co. 
a of p!ire s FERTILIZER MATERIALS F m R ixing E 
Also complete Fertilizers for general purposes, and 
Special Mixtures of any grade made up to 
order, under buyer’s supervision 
Hayat$25.00PerTon 
With hay selling at $25.00 per ton, corn and other 
grains selling at a very high price, you want to 
secure the 
BEST FERTILIZER to INCREASE Your Crops 
Joynt’s Pure Canada Unleached Hardwood Ashes 
are the Best Manure for worn-out Lands. THEY 
ENRICH THE EARTH. Write for information 
80 Wall Street, New York ’Phone 3958 John 
and prices delivered at yonr station. Address 
JOHN JOYNT, LUCKNOW, Ont., Canada 
STEEL POSTS 
„ „ & GATES 
ORv toughWspringy STEEL 
% 
A FARM—well-fenced — 
finds a ready buyer. Why? 
Because it is most productive. 
Here’s proof. Recently a Kansas 
Farm sold for $150 an acre. That farm 
was fenced with wire fence from end to 
end. Stock was rotated from field to field. Re¬ 
sult was—stock supported economically and soil 
kept rich with ensuing large yield—cows made 
the manure, manure made the corn—but it was 
the fencing that made it possible to successfully 
alternate pasture and corn fields. Moral: It pays 
to fence. 
E LLWOOD FENCE is elas¬ 
tic, tough and springy. Hori¬ 
zontal wires twisted into steel 
cables with the diamond mesh or 
stay wires interwoven in triangle 
form like a bridge truss—the strong¬ 
est form of constniction known. 
Thoroughly galvanized, inspected 
and guaranteed. 
Look for Ellwood Dealer In Your Place 
He buys in large quantities and gets lowest carload freight rates and gives 
you the benefit. You will get from him the most for your money. 
American Steel I 
| Fence Post Cheap -1 
| er than Wood and I 
> r e Durable, f 
• Catalog. 
Send for copy of “Ellwood Fence News," 
aleo book u How to Make the Farm Pay,** 
profusely illustrated, devoted to the interests 
of farmers and showing how fence may be 
employed to enhance the earning power of a 
farm. Furnished free upon application. 
F.Baaekes, Vice Pres. & Gen.Salon Act., 
AMERICAN STEEL & WIRE-COMPANY, 
Chicago, 73 W. Adams St., New York, 
80 Church St.! Denver, U. S. Steel 
Produets Co., San Francisco, Los An- 
geles, Portland, Seattle. 
