1912. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
346 
The Henyard. 
Specks in Eggs. 
I find in breaking open an eg g a little 
dark object; sometimes there are two or 
three In one egg. It looks like dried specks 
of blood. My hens are in fine laying con¬ 
dition now, and not too fat. I feed a good 
laying ration. "What is the cause of this? 
Seneca Falls, N. Y. F. G. 
What the Droppings Indicate. 
Can you give me any indication of the 
meaning of the various colors in the drop¬ 
pings of hens? At times I have found light 
yellow or dark brown droppings, pasty in 
composition, upon the dropping boards, and 
I should like to correct the error in my 
feeding. f. p. k. 
Spencer, Mass. 
As is well known, intestinal disorder In 
fowls as indicated by the droppings is one 
Blood specks or clots are often found in 
eggs laid by pallets or hens that are lay¬ 
ing heavily; may be caused by injury or 
forced egg production. Should specks con¬ 
tinue to appear reduce the amount of meat 
scraps and oil meal fed. F. t. f. 
Hen Note. 
Last May I sent for 20 day-old chicks. 
White Leghorns. I also sent for 25 for my 
next door neighbor, all coming together. I 
raised every one of mine in a homemade 
brooder without heat. My neighbor lost all 
but eight of hers, consequently thinks in¬ 
cubator chicks are no good, while mine are 
as nice a lot of pullets as one would wish 
to see. I kept 15 pullets and one cockerel; 
they commenced to lay in December. In 
January they laid 164 eggs and In 15 days 
of this month 131. My house is small, 
6x8 up and down stairs, floor two feet 
from ground, roof eight feet highest point, 
a 16x20 muslin opening below, and 10x16 
above. I feed mixed grains in the litter In 
morning and at night, in middle of the day 
sprouted oats and raw vegetables chopped, 
also sweet apples which they are fond of, 
oyster shell, charcoal and grit, also dry 
mash always where they can help them¬ 
selves, and plenty of fresh warm water. 
Auburn, N. Y. R. s. B. 
Figuring a Hen Ration. 
Will you show me how to figure out this 
ratio of 1:3.5 for feeding chickens? The 
feed is as follows and ratio should be 
1:3.5. Wheat bran, 40 pounds; wheat 
middlings, 41 pounds; Buffalo gluten feed, 
97 pounds; old process linseed meal, 18 
pounds; oat feed, 40 pounds; cornmeal, 
28 pounds; beef scraps, 39 pounds; total, 
303 pounds. What should I divide 303 by? 
New York. G. c. k. 
By ‘‘nutritive ratio” is meant the rela¬ 
tion between digestible protein and digesti¬ 
ble carbohydrates and fat. Inasmuch as 
fat is about 2% times as effective as a 
food as are the carbohydrates, it is custom¬ 
ary to multiply the amount of fat by 214 
and add it to the amount of carbohydrates. 
Working out your ration on this basis I 
get the following: 
Carbo- 
Pro- 
hydrates 
tein 
and fat 
Wheat bran, 40 lbs.. 
. . . 4.880 
18.120 
Wheat middlings, 41 
lbs. 5.248 
24.887 
Buffalo gluten, 97 lbs 
. . .22.504 
66.803 
O. 1’. Linseed meal,18 lbs. 5.274 
8.730 
Oat feed, 40 lbs. 
... 3.680 
22.720 
Cornmeal, 28 lbs.... 
... 2.212 
21.393 
Beef scrap, 39 lbs... 
. . .18.034 
15.918 
of the first signs of illness, and is an ac¬ 
companying symptom of many diseases, 
whether due to improper feeding, lack of 
exercise, poor ventilation, or unsanitary con¬ 
ditions. The coloring and condition of the 
droppings whether fluid, pasty, or only 
partly so indicate rather the stage of dis¬ 
ease a fowl is iu than what the disease 
itself may he. Taking into consideration 
the time of year and the difficulty of keep¬ 
ing fowls healthy in confinement with even 
average attention, I should judge that your 
chickens were suffering from liver trouble 
brought on by improper feeding and lack of 
exercise, probably both. It does not seem 
well understood that the same ration every 
day through the Winter will not answer, 
or that a rich ration can be fed to active 
vigorous fowls that you could not feed to 
the same lot with an equal amount of ex¬ 
ercise and green food. If your house is 
properly ventilated and the roosts kept 
clean, I would cut out any wet feeds 
whatever, reduce the amount of meat, using 
beef scraps rather than animal meal or 
other rich concentrate, increase the amount 
of green feed, roots, cabbage, sprouted oats 
or clover chaff, and feed plenty of bran, 
dry in a hopper. If your hens are not 
used to eating it this way, teach them. Es¬ 
pecially, if you cannot get green feed you 
will find bran very valuable as a digester; 
I cannot speak too highly of its value in 
tills respect. What grain you give them, 
especially corn, should be fed sparingly at 
a time and raked well into the litter, 
liens will make way with most any kind 
of feed to advantage if they are made to 
exercise to get it and have green feed to 
help its digestion. a. b. 
Cabbage for Hens. 
Are cabbages fed as green food in Winter 
injurious to hens? I have been feeding 
them this and they much enjoy them. I 
have been told that cabbages are not good 
for hens as they cause scours. a. t. n. 
We consider cabbage as first-rate hen 
food and we sell many soft heads each year 
to hen men. The best way to feed is to 
bang by a string so the hens will be obliged 
to jump up and pick at the cabbage. This 
gives them exercise and green food at once. 
Frozen Combs.— I would like to give J. 
K. the benefit of my experience for using 
carbolated vaseline as a preventive for 
keeping cockerels’ wattles or combs from 
freezing. During the first week of January 
we had very severe Winter weather, the 
temperature going down to 16 degrees below 
zero. In a poultry paper some one advised 
greasing the combs and wattles and they 
would not be frosted. I did so to a few 
of my best birds with the result that within 
two hours after applying vaseline their 
wattles were frozen solid, while those that 
I did not put vaseline on were not as much 
as cold. That is what vaseline did for me. 
As for vaseline as a remedy for frozen 
combs or wattles there are other remedies 
much better and safer to use during zero 
weather. g. a. d. 
Ithaca, N. Y. 
Total.61.832 178.571 
178.571 divided by 61.832 gives a quo¬ 
tient of 2.9; that is, the “nutritive ratio” 
of this mixture is 1 :2.9. You will find 
this matter quite fully explained, with 
tables of feeding standards and digestible 
nutrients in Bulletin No. 154, College of 
Agriculture (Cornell University, Ithaca, 
N. Y.). Farmers’ Bulletin No. 22 (U. S. 
Dept, of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.), 
treats the subject just a little differently, 
and contains much useful information in 
regard to feeding. Both bulletins are free. 
If you care to make a comprehensive study 
of the subject there Is probably no better 
book than “Feeds and Feeding,” by Prof. 
W. A. Henry, of the University of Wis¬ 
consin. C. L. M. 
A Boy’s Hens. 
I am a boy of 14 and I am raising chick¬ 
ens. I am interested In the reports of the 
egg laying contest at Storrs College. I 
thought you would be interested in the re¬ 
port I have, because some of it is as good 
as those in the egg laying contest. The re¬ 
port is as follows: I have four pens of 
eight pullets each, all of which are R. C. 
Rhode Island Reds. One pen laid 181 eggs 
in nine weeks; another laid 282 eggs In 
nine weeks.; another laid 260 eggs in nine 
weeks; and the last laid 197 eggs in nine 
weeks. All of my chickens were raised 
from eggs we bought and hatched by an 
incubator. All four coops are in curtain- 
front houses with an extra curtain for cold 
windy nights that drops down In front of 
the perch. I feed corn in the morning and 
night, sprouted oats at noon, and I keep dry 
mash, oyster shells, grit and charcoal in 
their hoppers all the time. I make them 
scratch for everything they get in deep 
straw litter, and they always seem lively 
and happy. ralph l. strong. 
Cuyahoga Co., Ohio. 
Peas for Poultry Feed. —Referring to 
your inquiry about scratch food peas, page 
61, we can buy scratch feed peas In this lo¬ 
cality in limited quantities; they can be 
bought from the growers of seed peas, and 
they are the siftings from the seed clean¬ 
ers. They can be bought at Morgan, Utah, 
for one cent per pound in ton lots, or less. 
This class of peas mixed with, corn and 
wheat and other grains make the best 
scratch feed that I know of, and also the 
cheapest. This is a pea-raising locality; 
they are grown for canning on a large scale 
here. As to the green color of peas, this 
can be obtained from almost any variety 
of peas, if cut and cured before the peas 
are mature. This climate would cure the 
peas as green as you could wish, but I 
question whether the feeding value would 
be as good as the peas above referred to. 
I do not think there are sufficient peas 
raised to supply any large demand for 
scratch feed peas. We feed this class of 
pea siftings to hogs, as well as poultry; 
It Is fine. w. j. w. 
Coalville. Utah. 
Drafts in Open-Front Houses. —Refer¬ 
ring to J. M. H.’s communication on page 
211, we can write with some authority on the 
subject matter. We have an open-front house 
with 17 openings, about 3x4 feet each, in a 
house 170 feet long and only 10 feet wide. 
Drafts iu this house are a negligible factor 
except in the very windiest weather. When 
such conditions prevail we close all but two 
or three of the curtains. We have not had 
a case of “cold” in this house this Winter. 
There are 17 pens in this house, the parti¬ 
tions being of matched boarding three feet 
high, with wire netting from the top of the 
partitions to the roof. The partitions be¬ 
tween the roosts extend to the roof, and 
about three feet out from the back wall, 
and this arrangement was thought out, by 
the way, long before we ever heard of 
Corning. On the other hand we built a 
house last Fall, 168 feet long and 16 feet 
wide. It had not been completed a week 
before we realized that the drafts were a 
serious proposition. We immediately di¬ 
vided the house into four sections with a 
solid matched board partition from floor to 
roof, between each section, with doors at 
each partition. It effectually stopped all 
drafts. We do not know why the width 
should make any difference in the matter 
of drafts. We are merely stating the 
facts and giving a remedy. 
New York. grannir mtos. 
When yon write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a 
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
COLUMBIAN WYANDOTTES and MOTTLED ANCONAS- 
U Great Winter Layers—bred for show and egg 
production. Eggs for hatching, $2.00 per fifteen. 
Incubator Eggs, $8.00 per hundred. WAYNE B. 
ETSKNHART, Box 29, Richland Cent tit. Pa. 
MammotnImpeuai nrv|k] mipg/Q 
AFTONFARM PEKINS are iLlVlIl UUUlXO 
prize winners (see 
New York and Philadelphia awards) and market 
toppers. Last year 500 liens averaged over 149 eggs 
per hen! Getstoek from Alton Farm. It means suc¬ 
cess. Write for “Facts From Afton Farm,” todav—now. 
AFT0N FARM, Box D-l, YARDLEY, PA. 
0() EGGS$1,00—Leading varieties, 52 breeds. Prize Ponl- 
L U try, Pigeons. Hares, etc. Booklet free. Large illus¬ 
trated descriptive Catalog 10c. F. G. WILE, Telford, Ph. 
BREEDS Best Pure Bred Poultry. Bred for lay- 
OU ing. O. I. O.Hugs. Big Illustrated Circular 
Free. JOHN E. HEAT WOLE, Harrisonburg, Va. 
Pfl||| TRYMPN—Sen* 1 2c stamp for Illustrated 
r.Vr ** 1 In til Catalog describing 35 varieties. 
EAST DONEGAL POULTRY YARDS -:- MARIETTA, PA. 
INDIAN KUXNFJl Dl’fK EGGS from prize stock, $2.00 per 12. 
1 No ducks lay like these. No stock cun make ymi the money 
that these can. T. U. METTLKR, East Millstone, N. J. 
HUSTOM HATCHING in our 21,000 EGG INCUBATOR. 
U heated by hot water, gives strong, healthy CHICKS. 
Space for a few thousand more Egos. S3.00 a compart¬ 
ment holding 150 eggs. DAY-0L0 CHICKS, HATCHING 
EGGS and PALLETS for sale. See our Swine ad. 
MAPLE GLEN POULTRY FARM. MILLERTON, N. I. 
Indian Runner DUCKS’ EGGS 
Eleven for $1; Fifty for $5; Farm Kange 
Ii. W. SHIPMAN, Holudatsburg, Pa., R.F.D. 3. 
BARRED ROCKS-^gB 
$1 per 15. $4.50 per 100. CHAS. T. DOWNING. 
Route 2, West Chester, Pa. 
White Holland T«rkejr2£*tSRS?Jaa 
breeding; hundreds of unsolicited testimonials 
from all parts of U. S. Early orders for best 
prices. H. W. ANDERSON, Stkwartstown, Pa. 
DARRED ROCK EGGS, $1.00 per 15. Bred-to-lay strain. 
U Catalog free. J. W. DAIL, Cambridge, Md. 
Giant Bronze 
Indian Runner Ducks, $1.00 per 10. Write 
H. J. VAN DYKE.Gettysburg, Pa. 
BIG BARRED ROCKS 
very hardy, plump beasts; yellow skin. Cockerels, 
$3, $4 and $5. Pullets, $2. $3. $4 and $5 each. Eggs, 
$2 per 13. LAMBERT’S POULTRY FARM, Apponauo, R. 1. 
Wild k BronzeTurkeyEggs dlLli 
2c. stamp, showing pure wild gobbler from the 
mountain. VALLEY VIEW POULTRY FARM. Belleville, Pa. 
HATCHING EGGS from Trap-Nested, Bred-to-Lay 
»• W. P. Rocks, $0.00 per 100. From best mating, 
$2.00 for fifteen. A. S. BRIAN, Mt. Kisco, N. Y. 
Living Egg Machines gK 
Kggs—15 for $1.00. W. J. THOMSON, Delhi, N. Y. 
\Danoldk Tht'm 
li/anviuj ScistTl E.VJvi<«H 
Standard Bred S . C. W. LEGHORNS 
Hatching Eggs a-specialty. Fertility guaranteed. 
.... J. O. VOOKHKES.GROTON, N. Y. 
■ |4«TfU BUSINESS BARRED ROCKS 
B, * ■ ** 1 %*ll Write for our free illustrated oat- 
YHf akig describing our common sense 
^ 4 practical poultry, the result of 
44 years breeding, egg-lnyere. 
1 6? 3) Settings from our strain of early ma- 
V W ' large, healthy Rocks, $2a doz. 
^^^^/^Oanold's Farm, R. F. D. 19, Albion,N.Y. 
C p BROWN LEGHORN PULLETS. 51.25. Eggs, $1.50 
Oi Ui for fifteen. Second prize Roston pen. ’ll. 
HILLSIDE POULTRY FARM, Canaan, N. Y. 
CnnO For Hatching,from hardy Northern grown 
LUUu S. C White Leghorns, at farmers’prices. 
Write Maple Grove Farm, Box R, Smitbville, N. Y. 
DARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS—“Ringlet Strain.” Eggs 
U for hatching, $1.00 and $1.50 per fifteen. Folder 
free. GEO. F. WILLIAMSON, FLANDERS, N. J. 
OK nnn SIN(iLlc COMB WHITE LEGHORN 
L J » U U U Eggs and Day-old Chicks from bred-to- 
lay free range stock. Catalogue Free. PATTER¬ 
SON POULTRY FARM, Clayton, N. Y. 
DARRED ROCKS, Indian Runner Drakes, Toulouse 
U Geese. Bred-to-lay strains. Nelson’s, Grove City, Pa. 
FARM BRED POULTRY of Show 
Ip Quality. Barred, White and 
■ Columbian. 
PLYMOUTH ROCKS 
PARTRIDGE COCHIN 
LIGHT BRAHMA 
PARTRIDGE WYANDOTTE 
PEKIN DUCKS 
Each variety bred on separate farms. 
Our matings for 1912 are now all 
made and egg orders are coming in. 
We now offer surplus stock at special 
prices. Write us your wants now. 
MINCH BROTHERS, Bridgeton, N.J. 
COR SALE—25 Single Comb White Leghorn Hons, 
1 $25.00. Just starting to lay and must be sold at 
once. T. H. METTLER, East Millstone, N.J. 
C C. WHITE LEGHORNS, the large white kind, brod 
for heavy laying. Hatching eggs, little Chicks, 
breeding stock. Estab. 1904. Price List mailed. 
Abovo Poultry Farms Co., Inc., Chatham, Mortis Co.. N.J. 
DUFF WHITE LEGHORNS-S. C. R. 1. Red Eggs, 90c. per 
D 15, $1.50 per 30, $2.75 per CD, $4.00 per 100. Cata¬ 
logue free. JOHN A. ROTH, Quakertown, Pa. 
O 0. BUFF LEGHORNS are the bo.-t of the Leghorn family for 
Oi heavy laying, size mitt beauty. ItahhiirK Egt's and Baby 
Chicks. Write for booklet. Poultry Supplies and Iireuuatori 
for sale. Gap Poultry Yards, T. K. Sweigart, l‘i op.. Gap, i'a. 
V C. WHITE LEGHORNS—Standard brod for utility,. 
°■ Hatching eggs & day-old chicks. Fertility & free 
from white diarrhoea guaranteed. Prices on appli¬ 
cation. Oscawana Brook Farm, C. Kramers, Peekskill, N.Y. 
LAYERS AND PAYERS 
Are the SPRING WATER STRAIN 
Single Comb White Leghorns 
Day-oUl Chicks. Eggs for Hatching. Book your 
order NOW for a positive shipping date. We guar¬ 
antee safe deliven-y of Chicks and fertility of Eggs 
Mammoth Incubators—capacity 20,000 eggs at one 
setting. Send for new Illustrated Booklet. Ibis free 
SPRING WATER POULTRY FARM, STOCKTON, New Jersey 
pens FOR HATCHING and ltABY CHICKS—From rmngegrown 
L 2-year-old hen* and mature cook* of the beat strains obtain¬ 
able. White Leghorn*, Wyandottc», Korku ami Emden Geese; 
14. Leghorn*, Haired Rocks, Partridge Cochins and K. 0. Reds. 
A few breeders at ail times. Give us your order; we will please 
you. MAPLE COVE POULTRY YARDS, R. D. 21, Athens, IU. 
DANGE BRED FOR BUSINESS—Stamina, fertility—Rose 
II Comb Reds, 200-egg strain. Eggs, by settings, 
12centseach; by 1U06, 8 cents. Sicilian Buttercups, 
18 cents and 15 cents. GOBI & SON, Ulster, I*a. 
S. C. W. LEGHORNS 
Hatching Eggs from selected yearling breeders. 
Choice breeding .stock at reasonable prices. 250 
acres devoted to .Leghorns of exceptional quality 
S®nd for circular. MT. PLEASANT 
FARM, Box Y, Havre de Grace, Md. 
DA VIS S. C. R. 1. REDS 
200 EGG STRAIN 
DAY OLD CHIX EGGS FOR HATCHING 
Chix that live and grow Eggs from vigorous, 
hatched in mammoth iresh-air housed 
Incubator. stock. 
Place Your Orders for Chix Now 
and get positiye date of delivery. Safe 
arrival guaranteed. Circular FREE. 
DAVIS POULTRY FARM, BERLIN. MASS. 
S. 0, WHITE LEGHORNS Sa a &5c"'^I 
Orders booked for future delivery. Young and old 
SUNNY* inifi^FAR]5y*l^EM^GTON, y Nf’jf* ra ™ S ‘ 
s. c. w * l> SaLu 
Bred from hens that DuUjf UEiliGilS 
laid over 175 eggs in * 
pullet year. Perfectly batched, strong, vigorous, 
UUJ, 0 chicks the kind you want—money makers. 
Will make great foundation stock. Write for free 
circular aud prices today. 
PEERLESS f ARMS, R..F. D. 10, Northport, Long Island, N.Y. 
PRIZE-WINNING and GREAT LAYING 
A RHODE ISLAND REDS (both combs) 
and Diamond Jubilee Orpingtons. Eggs reason¬ 
able. Write for Mating List. 
GEO. H. LeFEVER, Montgomery, N.Y. 
THE FARMER’S FOWL—Rose Comb Reds, best winter 
1 layers on earth. Eggs, $1.00 per 15. Catalogue 
free. THOS. WILDER, Route 1. Richland, N. Y. 
RICHLAND FARMS 
Breeders and Exhibitors of 
S. C. White Leghorns, S. C. Black Orpingtons, 
WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS 
We a™now -booking orders for the PROFIT PAYING 
KIND of BABY CHICKS and EGGS FOR HATCHING. 
Satisfaction guaranteed. Send for Catalogue. 
RICHLAND FARMS, FRKDKRICK, MD. 
TGGS FOR HATCHING-S. C. White Orpingtons. Keller- 
L strass strain. Also some choice stock. Circular 
free. RaySchermerhorn, BoxB, So. Hammond, N.Y. 
THOROUGHBRED POULTRY-Best 20 varieties. EGGS 
1 from vigorous, healthy stock; 15—$1.00, 40—$2.00. 
'Catalogue. H. K. MOHR, R. No. 3, Quakertown, Pa. 
WHITE WYAND0TTES—Aristocrats 
Robust, vigorous COCKERELS. Must sell at 
once to make room. Honest bargains for some¬ 
body. Cannot be matched for the price—$2.00 and 
$3.00 oacb WHITE TO-DAY. 
Also EGGS FOR HATCHING, from heavy layers, 
trap-nested and above standard. Everything 
“Fishel” strain. Price, $2.00 per setting; three 
settings. $5.00. 
MONTROSE POULTRY PRODUCTS 
R. R. Turner, Prop. The Plains, Va. 
Kirkup’s Strain S. C. White Leghorns 
Bred for size, vigor and largo white market egra 
It you do not know their merits, visit our Farm or 
/*u • C i ireu i« r * Custom hatching a specialty. 
Df’y j’lGfiks, lt)c. each. CHESTNUT POULTRY 
1 ARM, Kirkup Bros..Props. Muttituck, L.T., N.Y. 
^ W. Leghorns, Barred 
Odoy V^niCKS RockSt R< 0 _ Reds> strong, 
livable. From vigorous, thoroughbred, range 
i”.r* wEsiiisr dggswnsss- n.st" 1 ” 
WHITE WYANDOTTES-S” I= * 
Free range. Send for 1912 Mating last. Eggs, $1.50 
per 15; $U.OO per 100. CLARENCE H. FOGG 
Bridgeton, N. j. R. F„ D. No. 3. 
Bonnie Brae Poultry Farm " E V“S LE - 
Baby Chicks, Ducklings and Hatching Eggs now 
ready from selected breeders. S. C. W Leghorns 
Barred and White P. Rocks, Single and Rose o! 
Iv. I. Reds, Imperial Pekin Ducks, Some choice 
Barred Rock and S. C. W. Leghorn Cockerels loft 
at right prices. Correspondence invited. 
White Wyandottes'tr^ S b“ 0 Ay y oar n s: 
Large, fine birds, splendia winter layers. Free 
range. Have won for six years. Eggs—100, $5.00; 
setting, $1.00. WILLIAM O. BURR, Fairfield, Conn. 
Rahv Chirk<5 free range, selected s. c. 
Uavy L'lUUIvs WHITE LEGHORNS, in 
any quantity. Safe .arrival guaranteed. Cir¬ 
cular free. CHAS. R. STONE, Baby Chicken 
I arm, Staatsburg-on-Hudson, N. Y. 
Kean's l/UEiite Wyandottes 
Bred nine years for vigor, utility ami standard 
re quire in 07 its. Eggs from selected stock; eight 
females mated to each male; thirteen, $1.00: fifty- 
two, 53.50; one hundred, $6.00. Choice COCKERELS 
and other breeding stock at right prices. 
E. FRANKLIN KEAN.Stanley, N. Y. 
COR SALE—1,000 March and April hatched Pullets 
• S.C.Wh. Leghorns; White, Barred, Buff Rocks! 
R. I. Reds; lay mg now. Also 8 Prairio State 3, 
Cyphers, 1 Cornell Incubators. Prices right. Apply 
to G. A. MILLER, Supt. Alto Urest, Greenwich, Conn. 
Snow-White Wyandottes SS 
cular free. Goldenrod Farm, Stewarts town, Pa. 
SPFflAf PRlfFS~ Rggs for hashing from 
t rv n w T £ 00 f'r range - finely 
bred S. C. W. Leghorns. Special prices on large 
orders Also Indian Runner Duck Ege*. H. 
LAAVRENCE, R. D., Poughkeepsie, N. Y? 
O— 1 CHOICE BUFF WYANDOTTE 
C. La O eggs for sale—$1.00 for 15, $5.00 por 
100. CHAS. I. MILLER. R.F.I). No. 1. Hudson, N.Y. 
