1912. 
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER 
366 
Ruralisms 
CARBON BISULPHIDE FOR STRAWBERRY 
GRUBS. 
Part II. 
Necessary Care. —With every recom¬ 
mendation to use carbon bisulphide 
necessarily goes the caution to keep it 
away from all fire, even in the form of 
matches or lighted cigars or pipes. It 
is highly and dangerously explosive— 
as much so as ether or gasoline—and 
open fire or lights should never be al¬ 
lowed near it. With the idea of obvi¬ 
ating the grave objection of inflamma¬ 
bility the use of carbon tetrachloride as 
a substitute has lately been urged. This 
is a transparent liquid, like carbon bi¬ 
sulphide, made by combining chlorine 
gas and the vapor of carbon bisulphide 
together in heated tubes. Its odor is 
far less disagreeable than the latter, 
and it is not inflammable. These are, 
however, the only distinct advantages, 
as it is considerably more expensive, 
costing about $1 the pound and far less 
effectual in the same quantities. Ex¬ 
periments show that to kill insects in 
stored grain costs three or four times 
as much with carbon tetrachloride as 
with the bisulphide. Its effects on liv¬ 
ing plants is not well known, but it has 
been successfully used for fumigating 
scale-infested trees, destroying the 
scales without injury to the dormant 
trees. 
Other Uses for Carbon Bisulphide. 
—Carbon bisulphide bids fair to figure 
more largely in horticultural utility in 
the future than in the past. One of the 
familiar uses is the killing of gophers, 
woodchucks and other destructive ro¬ 
dents for which it is sold under the 
name of “Fuma.” A ball of cotton, 
moss or grass is saturated with the 
liquid and pushed far into the entrance 
of the burrow, which is then securely 
closed with sods and earth. The heavy 
fumes make their way to the furthest 
recesses of the burrows, suffocating the 
inmates. A similar use is made in the 
tortuous burrows of certain tree borers, 
where the insect cannot be reached with 
wire or knife blade. A small quantity 
of bisulphide is injected in the opening, 
using an ordinary medicine dropper for 
the purpose and immediately sealing 
with wax, soap or clay. This is espe¬ 
cially useful with the larvae of the 
round-headed apple tree borer, which 
is usually hard to get at. 
As a Soil Restorative. —In the early 
struggles with grape phylloxera in 
France the roots of many acres of 
vines were treated by injecting the soil 
with carbon bisulphide, using syringes 
with needles long enough to place the 
liquid a foot or more deep in the soil. 
Although expensive it was quite effect¬ 
ual in getting rid of the aphids that 
swarmed in myriads on every root. A 
renewed growth of vines was to be ex¬ 
pected in case they were not too far 
gone before treatment, but to the sur¬ 
prise of all observers, certain vineyards, 
especially old ones, grew far more vig¬ 
orously than they had for years before 
they were attacked by the pest. Many 
explanations were brought forward, but 
repeated investigations appear to show 
that the true cause of the increased fer¬ 
tility of the soil was the destruction of 
certain amoeba, a class of motile, jelly- 
like organisms of animal nature that fed 
upon the nitrogen-forming bacteria ever 
present in tillable soils. The friendly 
bacteria were less affected by the chem¬ 
ical than the amoeba and survived to 
rapidly multiply and increase the avail¬ 
able fertility of the soil. These ex¬ 
periments have since been confirmed by 
laboratory and field experiments, and 
may form the basis of considerable soil 
renovation in the intensive cultures of 
the future. The writer is inclined to 
think the rapid growth of treated straw¬ 
berry plants, after treatment with bi¬ 
sulphide and recovery from direct in¬ 
jury from grub attacks may be due to 
the favorable effect on useful soil or¬ 
ganisms. 
As A Weed Killer. —A rather ex¬ 
traordinary horticultural use of carbon 
bisulphide is its employment as a weed¬ 
killer in tropical climates. As before 
remarked, it is not especially harmful to 
vegetable tissues. It destroys animal 
life by asphyxiation—in other words, by 
depriving it of oxygen, which plants 
have less need of, and practically the 
only injury to living plants is that 
caused by its solvent and refrigerating 
properties when in actual contact. Ad¬ 
vantage is taken of the latter property 
in Hawaii, where it has been poured on 
the collar and stems of the guava trees 
that have been so well naturalized in 
these tropical islands that they become 
formidable pests. The quick evapora¬ 
tion of the bisulphide freezes the bark 
and cambium layers, even in hot sun¬ 
light, so that the tree soon dies, root 
and branch, whereas if grubbed up 
every portion of root left in the soil and 
buried branch would quickly sprout 
again. The bisulphide treatment has in 
some instances proved less expensive 
and more effectual for destroying trop¬ 
ical growths than any method yet de¬ 
vised, but it is scarcely probable that 
its use as a weed-killer will extend to 
temperate latitudes. It is, however, an 
extremely useful material for many pur¬ 
poses. v. 
Care of Privet Hedge. 
II. N. L.j Pittsburg , Kan .—Would you give 
some information on the cultivation and 
care of a California privet hedge? 
Ans.—T he chief thing is to plant the 
hedge in good, well-enriched soil, ancjl 
keep it free from weeds at the base. 
Two-year plants are desirable; it is 
well to set them deeper than they were 
previously planted, 12 to 15 inches apart. 
The soil should lie in good tilth, and 
a dressing of old manure, well spaded 
in, is desirable. After the little plants 
are set they may all be trimmed to an 
even height. Pull out any weeds that 
appear the first season; the dense growth 
will prevent them later, and an occa¬ 
sional shallow hoeing will be an advan¬ 
tage, especially if it is a dry season. 
We like a light mulch of strawy ma¬ 
nure the first season, unless danger is 
to be apprehended from field mice. A 
heavy clay soil, with poor drainage, is 
discouraging to California privet, which 
is rather likely to -winter-kill under 
these conditions. When once in good 
growth careful and regular clipping is 
needed, which should be studied from 
observation; if there is a long line of 
hedge it will furnish a fairly steady oc¬ 
cupation for one’s leisure. 
What About Jadoo Fertilizer? 
Can you tell me why .Tadoo fibre is no 
longer on the market? What was- it com¬ 
posed of and what is a good substitute? 
A dozen years ago I had very good re¬ 
sults with it, especially with. Chrysanthe¬ 
mums. r. w. s. 
Massachusetts. 
The exploitation of Jadoo fibre appears 
to have ceased because no demand suffi¬ 
cient to warrant the expense of manufac¬ 
ture and distribution could be created. It 
was offered as an advantageous substitute 
for ordinary potting soils, and as a gen¬ 
eral fertilizer for glasshouse and outdoor 
plants, and while it undoubtedly had dis¬ 
tinctive merits, gardeners could not be con¬ 
vinced that it could commercially replace the 
materials they were accustomed to use. The 
principal advantages of Jadoo fibre and Jadoo 
liquid were that the contained plant food 
was very slowly but steadily given up and 
their acid rather than alkaline reaction re¬ 
tarded the development of many soil organ¬ 
isms injurious to plants. Jadoo fibre was 
especially hygroscopic or moisture-retain¬ 
ing and so open in texture that certain 
plants, ordinarily difficult to grow well, 
rooted freely in it and attained better de¬ 
velopment than in the usual potting com¬ 
posts. These peculiarities also permitted 
the use of smaller pots when Jadoo was 
utilized as a rooting medium than when 
soil composts were used. 
For general fertilizing purposes and gar¬ 
den uses in the open the Jadoo products 
never appeared to justify their cost, 
though certainly more cleanly and pleasant 
to use than ordinary materials. In the 
writer’s garden Cupid sweet peas, dwarf to¬ 
matoes and other crippled vegatation of the 
era throve better in Jadoo than in soil 
enriched with either annual or vegetable 
composts, or with well-selected chemicals, 
but free-growing varieties did not show 
enough differences to make it worth while. 
Jadoo was said to be the invention of a 
wealthy amateur gardener who had suffi¬ 
cient faith in the product to expend con¬ 
siderable sums in its exploitation. The 
source of Jadoo fibre was claimed to be 
sphagnum or peat moss artificially decom¬ 
posed by exposure to the air and constant¬ 
ly pumping over it water from peat bogs 
In which soot and other suitable mate¬ 
rials had been mixed. It is well adapted for 
certain special indoor cultures, and in the 
opinion of many it would be an advantage 
still to have it on the market. Clean leaf 
mold in about the best substitute. v. 
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