380 
<n-iiC RUKAb NEW-YORKER 
March 16, 
FEEDING PROBLEMS. 
Under this heading we endeavor to give advice 
and suggestions about feeding mixtures of grains 
and fodders. No definite rules are given, but the 
advice is based upon experience and average 
analyses of foods. By ‘-protein” is meant the 
elements in the food which go to make muscle or 
lean meat. “Carbohydrates” comprise the starch, 
sugar, etc., which make fat and provide fuel for 
the body, while “fat” is the pure oil found in 
foods. Dry matter” means the weight of actual 
food left in fodder or grain when all the water is 
driven off. A “narrow ration” means one In which 
the proportion of protein to carbohydrates is close 
—a "wide” ration moans one which shows a larger 
proportion of carbohydrates. 
Ration for Milk. 
I am thinking of changing my feed for 
cows from mixed hay and equal parts of 
oats, corn and gluten to the following. 
I’lease suggest how it can be improved. All 
feed to be bought except hay, corn and oats: 
20 pounds hay, two pounds distillers’ grains, 
two pounds bran, one pound gluten feed, 
one pound cotton-seed meal, one pound corn, 
one pound oats. Cows average 1,000 pounds; 
I am feeding for milk. J. R. 
New York. 
The ration you have figured is a good 
one. Silage or roots would improve it, but 
these you have not got. Oats arc generally 
at a premium for horses, but 1 doubt if it 
would pay you (with evidently only a small 
amount of this grain) to go to the trouble 
of selling your oats and buying a cheaper 
source of protein. c. s. m. 
Ration for Fattening Cows. 
1. What is the best and most economical 
ration to fatten cows? We have brewers’ 
grains, beets, corn fodder and cornmeal. 2. 
How long a time after a cow has come 
In should she be bred again 7 x. n. 
New York. 
1. The following ration 
ought 
to give 
fairly good results for fattening 
cows: 
Dry 
Pro- 
Carbo¬ 
hydrates 
matter 
teln 
and fat 
25 lbs. cornfoddcr ... 14.50 
.625 
9.325 
4 lbs. cornmeal .... 3.56 
.316 
3.056 
4 lbs. dried brewers’ 
grains . 3.68 
.628 
1.912 
20 lbs. beets . 1.80 
.220 
1.120 
23.54 
1.789 
15.413 
If your cows are large, it may be advis¬ 
able to increase somewhat the grain ration. 
2. Generally speaking, cows should come 
in once every 12 months or thereabouts. If, 
however, you wish your cows to come in 
earlier, there is no harm in breeding them 
sooner, provided they are in good condi¬ 
tion. It is usually not good policy to breed 
a cow that is in poor physical condition. 
C. L. M. 
Methods of Feeding. 
How much should be fed to four Holstein 
cows of clover hay, malt sprouts and cotton¬ 
seed meal? What is the best way to feed 
cotton-seed meal to get results? IIow 
should it be mixed? g. h. w. 
New York. 
In addition to what clover hay the cows 
will eat up clean, give a daily ration of 
three pounds of malt sprouts and two 
pounds of cotton-seed meal mixed and di¬ 
vided into two or three feeds. This ration 
is rather narrow, that is, deficient in carbo¬ 
hydrates, and if you find that your cows 
are not keeping up in flesh it may be 
necessary to add a pound or two of corn- 
meal, or similar feed. If your cows are 
large and heavy producers the above ration 
may be profitably increased. Cotton-seed 
meal should be mixed with a bulky feed, 
like bran, malt sprouts, etc. T|ie best re¬ 
sults are undoubtedly obtained when fed 
with silage, or with beet pulp or malt 
sprouts which have been soaked in water. 
In the latter case, of course, the cotton¬ 
seed meal should not be added until after 
the sprouts or pulp have been soaked. 
Constipation should be guarded against, as 
this condition is the source of the chief 
danger. C. h. u. 
Mixture of Grain Feed. 
I have two Jersey cows (not young) ; 
quantity of milk from these two cows, 34 
to 36 pounds daily. The dally ration for 
each cow is as follows: All the fodder 
they can cat, two pounds beet pulp, six 
quarts prime dairy feed. This preparation 
is compounded of the following ingredients: 
Distillers’ grains, malt sprouts, brewers’ 
grains, wheat middlings, cotton-seed meal. 
The cows are given salt twice a week, and 
watered three times daily when housed. Do 
you consider this a proper ration? If not, 
suggest a more satisfactory ration, which 
would not be any more expensive. I have 
recently settled on my farm and am 
obliged to buy all the cow feed except fod¬ 
der. No doubt I could buy the ingredients 
for the feed and mix them myself at less 
expense than purchasing the feed already 
mixed. Can you tell me the corrct amount 
of each ingredient to use? J. s. 
Maryland. 
You are giving your cows a proper ration, 
but as you give no prices I cannot tell 
whether it is the most economical one or 
not. I suggest that you compare the price 
of the dairy feed with the following ration: 
Four pounds dried distillers’ grains, two 
pounds cotton-seed meal, one pound corn- 
meal, or you can substitute five pounds 
dried brewers’ grains for the distillers’ 
grains. C. L. m. 
Ration for Horse.' 
1. Will you give me a good feeding ration 
for my team which I drive 15 to 20 miles 
a day on a light wagon? Each horse 
weighs about 1,000 pounds, and as they are 
rather old I wish to feed ground feed. Hay 
costs $15 per ton; cornmeal, $1.50; bran, 
$1.35; oil meal, $1.60, and oats, 56 cents 
per bushel. Corn and oats ground cost 
$1.70 per 100. 2. I have used a compound 
horse feed guaranteed protein seven per 
cent; fat, four per cent; fiber, 12 per cent, 
composed of hominy, oats, oat hulls, corn 
and cob, which costs $1.35 per 100. Is 
there any way to tell the nutritive ratio 
or real value of such a feed when the 
amount of carbohydrates is not given? 3. 
Would a ration with malt sprouts or other 
cheap feed used in place of high-priced oats 
prove satisfactory? l. a. h. 
New York. 
1. A grain ration consisting of 150 
pounds of cornmeal, 100 pounds bran and 
three pounds oil meal should prove very 
satisfactory. You will not need to feed 
quite as much as you would of oats. You, 
knowing your horses better than I do, can 
tell how much they need to keep them in 
proper condition and spirits. A grain ra¬ 
tion of equal parts cornmeal and dried dis¬ 
tillers’ grains would also prove satisfac¬ 
tory. On account of the laxative qualities 
of bran and oil meal it may be necessary 
to begin rather gradually with that feed. 
As to hay, horses should not be allowed to 
gorge themselves, but should be given about 
what they will clean up in an hour to an 
hour and a half, morning and noon, and a 
little more at night when they have more 
time for mastication and digestion. 2. I 
cannot tell you the nutritive ratio of the 
compounded horse feed you mention, but it 
is much less valuable than the ration I 
have given above, and costs nearly as much. 
3. Malt sprouts are recommended as part of 
the ration of growing colts, but I have no 
experience or information in regard to their 
use for work horses. On account of their 
relatively low content of carbohydrates I 
would not recommend them except possibly 
in small quantities. c. L. M. 
Pasture Grass. 
W’hat kind of grass would you advise to 
sow for permanent pasture for cows in this 
section? The soil is light, with sandy sub¬ 
soil. How much to the acre? s. a. 
Glen Cove, N. Y. 
I would sow about eight pounds each of 
clean Red-top, Timothy and Orchard grass, 
and five pounds each of Blue grass and 
Alsike clover per acre. D. C. 
Milk Ration. 
Please inform me if my ration for milk 
is a good one. I feed mixed hay, Timothy 
one-third clover, all they will eat up clean. 
Grain, one pound cornmeal, one pound 
stock feed, lVn pounds gluten, 2% pounds 
beet pulp, wet, twice a day to each cow. 
Cows arc medium size. w. H. J. 
Massachusetts. 
Your ration seems to be a good one, and 
appears to be giving you good results. I 
see no reason for suggesting any change. 
c. h, M. 
Watering a Cow. 
When is it best to give the cow water? 
We warm it slightly, and she drinks as 
much as three-gallon pailful at a time. 
Should she have it before or after eating, 
or doesn't it matter? e. C. 
Colorado. 
Lot the cow drink when she wants water 
—as she would in pasture. It makes little 
difference when she drinks. The horse has 
one comparatively small stomach and it is 
better for him to drink after eating. The 
cow’s stomach is much larger. 
Cotton Seed and Linseed Meal. 
What is the difference between cotton-seed 
meal and linseed meal? I always supposed 
they were the same and have been told by 
the dealer they were. n. b. g. 
New York. 
This is a new one for dealers to tell. 
Cotton seed meal is made from cotton seed. 
The seed is crushed to remove the oil. The 
resulting hard cake is ground into meal. 
Linseed is obtained from flaxseed. This 
seed is either crushed or treated with chem¬ 
icals to take out the fat and the “cake” 
ground up. The two feeds are quite differ¬ 
ent in their effect upon the animal. 
Ix)G Silo. —Could an octagon silo be built 
out of logs same as a log house, the corners 
fastened with iron pins, then lath with steel 
lath, and plaster with cement? There could 
be a continuous door with iron rods across. 
It could be built of second-hand timber or 
logs. I never heard of one being built this 
way, and do not intend to build one, but it 
seems to me the first cost would not be 
much to anyone having the logs, and it 
certainly would last if well buiit. 
Connellsville, l’a. J. H. M. 
ffufl 
X 
38,796 Users did so Last Year 
26,569 in the U. S. Alone 
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