430 
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER 
March. 30, 
Fighting the Black Lice. 
J. IF. W., BrookfieldConn .—Can you tell 
me what to do at this time of the year to 
prevent the coming of the black or green 
lice, so common on cherry and other fruit 
trees soon after the leaves come? I have 
had very little if any success with kerosene 
emulsion/ after their arrival. 
Ans.—T he aphis eggs are usually laid 
in late Fall upon the small twigs and 
spurs, and when first laid are oval, dark 
green in color, changing to glossy black 
later. These eggs hatch about the time 
buds begin to break, and immediately 
begin to feed upon the tips of the burst¬ 
ing buds and young leaves as they ap¬ 
pear. Thorough spraying with lime- 
sulphur in combating San Jose scale will 
kill some of the eggs, but not always 
enough to keep them under control. One 
of the best materials to use is tlr? nico¬ 
tine preparations. “Black Leaf 40,” used 
three-fourths pint and three pounds of 
soap to 100 gallons of water, has proved 
one of the most effective spray materials 
in combating aphids. Kerosene emul¬ 
sion, one part to eight parts of water, 
has also proved effective, as has whale- 
oil soap, one pound to four or five gal¬ 
lons of water. The most effective time 
of treatment is when they are upon the 
tips of bursting buds, before leaves ap¬ 
pear. If the lice appear in large num¬ 
bers at that time, one of the above mix¬ 
tures should be applied in a thorough 
manner, remembering that these are 
contact insecticides and the insect to be 
killed must be wetted with the material 
used if the spraying is effective. Nico¬ 
tine preparations can be used with both 
Bordeaux mixture or dilute lime-sul¬ 
phur at the rate of three-fourths pint to 
100 gallons (soap not being added when 
used with Bordeaux or lime-sulphur). 
B. D. V. B. 
THE PARCELS-POST AND POSTAL EX¬ 
PRESS SITUATION. 
Part I. 
Since my election to the United States 
Senate I have clearly seen that among my 
duties the very first was the subject of 
cheaper rates for the small packet or ship¬ 
ment. the agitation for which has mostly 
been conducted under the name of the "par¬ 
cels post.” I asked myself this question : 
“What is the object of a ‘parcels post’”? 
The answer, was, “to obtain cheaper rates 
by postal carriage for the small shipment, 
than the express companies exact; in 
short, to secure relief from exorbitant ex¬ 
press charges.” 
There has always existed the feeling that 
express charges were too high. Investiga¬ 
tion shows that they amount to $31.20 for 
the average ton of parcels; while the freight 
charge for the average ton is $1.90. The 
express charge, on the average, in this 
country, is about 16 times the freight. In 
other countries it is only about five times 
the freight charge, i. e., the average ton 
of freight is about 85 cents, and of express 
about $4.25. All of which means that our 
express rates are from two to three times 
as high as they should be. If we are to 
obtain relief from the express company 
chai’ge. then it must be by getting postal 
rates that are substantially lower than they 
give. The whole question’ of “parcels post” 
is a question of lower rates. If the rates 
are not lower, then the “parcels post” 
would be simply a paper scheme of no 
service to anybody. If the “parcels post” 
rates were actually higher, such a “parcels 
post” would be a cheat of the whole re¬ 
form. At this point I call your attention 
to the rates themselves so you may judge 
for yourselves. The “parcels post” bills 
before Congress fall into two divisions; 
first the one to be reported by the Post 
Office Committee of the House which (bar¬ 
ring the rural delivery section) fixes the 
international flat rate of 12 cents a pound; 
second, the other bills fixing eight cents a 
pound. These rates, in the table following, 
are compared with present express company 
rates, for a distance of 196 miles, which 
is the average length of the journey of 
express packages, and presumably about 
the average journey which postal ship¬ 
ments would make: 
Table Comparing Parcels Post Rates With 
Express Company Rates and 
Postal Express Rates 
Parcels-Post. 
Postal 
E xpress Egress. 
1 pound, 
2 
rate 
12 cents 
per lb. 
Cents. 
. .$.12 
8 cents 
per lb. 
Cents. 
$.08 
Co. Feasiblo 
Rate. Rate. 
Cents. Cents. 
(1) $.10 $.07 
. . .24 
.16 
“ .16 
.07 
3 
it 
.. .36 
.24 
“ 24 
.08 
4 
ii 
.. .48 
.32 
“ .32 
.09 
5 
H 
. . .60 
.40 
.40 
.10 
6 
ii 
. . .72 
.48 
.45 
.12 
7 
it 
. . .84 
.56 
.45 
.14 
8 
a 
. . .96 
.64 
.45 
.16 
9 
a 
. .1.08 
.72 
.45 
.18 
10 
a 
. .1.20 
.80 
.45 
.19 
11 
a 
. .1.32 
.88 
.50 
.20 
Totals 
. $7.92 
$5.28 
$3.97 
$1.40 
Note (1) means that, if prepaid, the ex¬ 
press companies now carry books at a rate 
of eight cents a pound, and merchandise, or 
fourth-class mail matter, at 16 cents a 
pound. 
It appears that the 12-cent “parcels 
post” rate is about one-half higher than 
present express rates, for the average dis¬ 
tance men ship, and the eight-cent rate 
about one-fourth greater. All these bills 
mean, at best, is that up to two pounds they 
give only as good a rate as the express 
companies, and will deliver on rural routes. 
On weights above two pounds the bills fix 
much higher rates than the express com¬ 
panies. If during the year you wished to 
make shipments covering the whole gamut 
of 11 different weights, your total bill 
would be $1.40 by postal express; $3.97 
by private express; $5.28 by eight-cent 
“parcels post”; and $7.92 by 12-cent “par¬ 
cels post.” 
To be more simple, the express companies 
now charge an average of $31.20 the ton of 
packages; the eight-cent “parcels post” rate 
would make this $160.00 a ton. and the 
12-cent rate $240.00 a ton. And yet even 
the express charge is at least twice as high 
as it should be. There is only one duty 
for me to think of in such a case. It is 
to expose the fearful cheat of the people's 
hopes which the so called “parcels post” 
bills now pending mean. 
I stop only long enough to say that even 
the rural delivery features of these meas¬ 
ures, proposing five cents for the first 
pound and two cents for each additional 
pound up to 11, are nearly worthless. They 
limit the mailability to fourth class; anil 
there is scarcely a thing produced on the 
farm that falls within fourth class, or 
that the farmer would be allowed to ship 
to his customer in town, such as butter, 
eggs, poultry, dressed; hams, sausage, etc. 
I feel it my duty to say in the most em¬ 
phatic manner possible that these bills, if 
passed, will prove the greatest hoax over 
inflicted upon a people : not to say that the 
express companies will welcome such an 
accomplishment as merelv a new lease of 
power to maintain their unrighteous 
charges. 
A System of Postal Express. —What is 
the remedy? I answer that my study, 
and that of other members of Congress, 
probably a majority of the House, and 
close to, if not a majority of the Senate, 
indicates the remedy to be the elimination 
of the parasitic express company. The 
Government should take them over, at a 
fair value, and reduce their rates by about 
half for all express shippers, and’ extend 
the service, through rural delivery, to the 
farmer and the country store. Economic 
studies of the subject show that even 
greater reductions might be made on the 
very light weights, as shown in the table; 
and we have the rural delivery structure 
paid in advance and ready waiting—empty 
one might say—to receive the farm pro¬ 
ducts and convey them direct from the 
farmer to the consumer. And this is the 
great point to be achieved. Farm products 
for which the farmer received six billions 
of dollars last year sold to the consumer 
at thirteen billions of dollars; and this 
because there was no direct transportation 
from the farm to the kitchen. If we take 
over the express companies and couple their 
town delivery system with the rural delivery 
system, and both with the railways, when 
necessary, the consumer of foodstuffs could 
buy and ship direct from the farmer, the 
delivering postal van collecting the price 
and remitting it back to the farm. The 
high cost of living in the vital necessaries 
might thus be really reached and remedied. 
OBADIAH GARDNER. 
Imperial f&afo* Pulverizer 
Clod Crusher and Roller Leads them All. Send for Circulars 
THE PETERSON MFG. CO., 135 RIVER ST., KENT. OHIO 
CflPni/ Pfimnc S2.25 up. Farmer agent 
wanted. Get our Sprayei 
catalogue. THEO. BURT & SONS, Melrose, Ohio. 
DO YOU NEED FARM HELP ? 
The Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid So¬ 
ciety has on its lists men wishing to obtain em¬ 
ployment on farms. Many of them are without 
experience. They are able-bodied and willing to 
work. If you can make use of such help, please 
communicate with us, stating what wages you will 
pay, whether the work is permanent, and whether 
you prefer a single or a married man. with or with¬ 
out experience. Ours is a philanthropic organiza¬ 
tion whose object is to assist and encourage Jewish 
immigrants to become farmers. We charge no 
commission to employer or employee. Address 
FARM LABOR BUREAU, 176 Second Avenue, New York City. 
THE PERFECT APPLE. 
What makes a perfect apple? Pyrox 
makes a perfect apple by protecting fruit 
and foliage from codling moth and other 
leaf eating insects besides acting as a 
fungicide. It makes the fruit hang on a 
week or ten days longer in the Fall which 
gives better color, waxiness and keeping 
quality, giving that “finish” which brings 
the top market price. If you like good 
fruit,—use Pyrox and have it. Wise 
growers are ordering early. Ask the 
Bowker Insecticide Co., of Boston, for 
book on spraying. 
A Sharing Certificate 
Worth One Dollar 
—and a Book Worth 
Many Dollars to You 
W! 
r E beat them all for low fir ices and high quality. Twenty fac¬ 
tories join to save selling; expense. One catalog, one office 
force, one advertising bill—instead of twenty. You get the 
benefit. Send your name on postal now for SI.00 Profit Sharing Certifi¬ 
cate—our “get-acquainted” gift to you. We will also mail you our great free 
book of a thousand bargains on Roofings, Paints, Vehicles, Incubators, Gaso¬ 
line Engines, Farm Implements, in fact everything for farm, household and per¬ 
sonal use. Compare our quality and prices with others and see how much 
better goods —and how much lower prices — we are enabled to offer you because 
Twenty Great Factories Co-operate 
Read how this plan enables us to give you 5 % of your money back, on 
every order you send in—profit-sharing certificates that make you a stock¬ 
holder without investing in stock. Read how this remarkable plan not 
only beats the dealer, but beats the individual manufacturer. Twenty 
factories, selling direct to you must 
be able to make lower prices than 
any one factory, as -weprove to you 
beyond question in our book. 
4 FREE 
Combin' 
*ic a u 
o«rs 
*o— o 
rwt* cl»" r ' CAT « "»U »t 
T oU.^ A — 
** rLc cTco 
C *'*LOO» Or 
VIlTID 
••oto.,,, comr.m, 
«r» r.oortA* r, _ 
Tm . * u AMO OTTTD* toofTTS wrrrn 
I H * WNrT «° COMP.HV 
n*« v*lu» of 
0,1 OflOlA On WHICH ' 
__ ,T *• *»ruio 
♦ ,£> -®0' uon 
Ov* Omum „ 
CLTVKlANO 
United holy,. 
'Profits 
% 
IJted foctoriesCOj 
Wand Ohio. 
.| 
Just send 
your 
IP 12 j5 / ////// on a 
postal 
and mention what 
you are most interested in. Get the Dollar Certificate and 
our Book. See what we offer you in everything you need 
for farm, home and personal use. See views of our factories 
—read proof of quality. Then decide. Don’t put this off. 
You will buy this way some day—why not get the savings now. 
Mail a Postal NOW! 
You have nothing to lose, much to gain, by mailing a 
postal NOW. Get our Free Book and the Free Dollar 
Certificate at once. Get your pencil or pen right now. State 
whether most interested in Roofings or Paints of any kind.Ve- 
hicles. Incubators, Fence, Engines, Farm Tools, Household 
Goods—anything you need. Only a post card—brings you the 
facts about the greatest money-saving step, in the interests 
of farmers, in all commercial history. Address postal to 
The United Factories Company 
Department T-31 CLEVELAND, OHIO 
ALFALFA HAY 
Has more than twice the feeding value 
of Timothy hay, for producing milk, 
and fifty per cent, more feeding value 
than clover hay. At the present market 
price, baled Alfalfa hay is by far the 
cheapest feed to buy. Let us quote you 
price by carload, delivered your station. 
BRIDGE & SOUTER 
CANASTOTA, N, Y. 
IT PAYS to INOCULATE 
PEAS—BEANS 
ALFALFA and CLOVER 
W1 ™ FARMOGERM K 
NITROGEN-GATHERING BACTERIA 
INCREASES THE CROP 
ENRICHES THE SOIL 
Book No. 11 contains valuable information 
IT’S FR'EE 
Earp-Tliomas Farmogerm Co., Bloomfield, N.J., U.S.A. 
$25,000 a Year 12 Fr A ™. 
That’s what M. L. Ruefenik, Cleveland, Ohio, 
makes his market garden yield. Read the story 
of his method and secrets of most successful 
gardeners in America in this newest book for 
all vegetable growers. 
The Market Garden Guide 
Learn how these men have made good. Send$l 
today for this book and a year’s subscription to 
The Weekly Market Grower* Journal 
Only paper printed for market gardeners and 
truck farmers. Money refunded if you are not 
satisfied. Write today. Address 
MARKET GROWERS JOURNAL 
605 Walker Bldg. Louisville, Ky. 
/)El/JV BUGGIES 
U FOR 1912 £^$3655 AND UP 
TAURITE for FREE prepaid catalog; shows 250 
’ ’ styles, vehicles and harness; lowest whole¬ 
sale prices. No cash with order; no deposit. 
You pay if satisfied after 30 days trial. Write 
DELIN CARRIAGE CO. 1732 Central Ave. Cincinnati, Ohio 
LOW-PRICED A ¥ TTAC 
HIGH-GRADE A U 1 U5 
Used cars rebuilt and guaranteed by manu¬ 
facturer same asnewcars. Best for rural roads. 
A high-grade high-powered car for very little 
money. Postal brings full information. 
Stoddard Motor Co., 229 W. 57th St., New York 
TRADE MARK REG. U. S. PAT. OFFICE 
Let us show you how to get 
4 to 6 Tons 
_____ of 
Hay an Acre 
I T isn’t necessary to plow up your mowing lands if they have a good 
root base still. Top dress them this Spring with from 200 to 400 
pounds of Hubbard’s Fertilizer for Oats and Top Dressing. Keep 
your fields in grass for years. 
Reports of increased yield of from 33 per cent to 100 per cent are 
continually coming to us. 
Broadcast it as soon as the frost is out of the ground. Sometimes on low, wet 
land it is best to wait until the grass is two or three inches high. 
Write us your situation and we wilt tell you just what to do. We have the 
experience of thousands of grass growers to help you solve your problem. 
Send for our free 1912 Almanac and our booklet on Soil Fertilizer. They 
tell all about “Bone Base” Fertilizers and how to use them. 
THE ROGERS & HUBBARD CO., Middletown, Conn. 
