1912. 
•4S7 
THE RURAb NEW-YORKER 
SLAG, PHOSPHATE OR LIME. 
W. F. B., inn Arbor, Mich .—We generally 
get what we ask for through The R. N.-Y., 
so I would like more light on the following 
conundrum: Thomas slag, Tennessee rock 
phosphate, or burned lime, which is which? 
Of course they are not at all identical, 
yet we often see one of them used to take 
the place of either of the other. The ques¬ 
tion is, to what extent can this be done? 
Ans. —This old question comes up 
again and again. “Slag phosphate” is a 
by-product in steel making. Many iron 
ores contain phosphorus, which must be 
taken out, or the steel would be too 
brittle. To get rid of it the manufac¬ 
turers take advantage of the “affinity” 
of lime for phosphorus. When the two 
are put together they unite and form 
phosphate of lime. So lime is put into 
the melted ore. It unites with the phos¬ 
phorus and with some other impurities 
cools into a hard slag. This is ground 
into a fine powder and sold as a phos¬ 
phate for fertilizing. 
Tennessee rock phosphate is a soft 
rock found in various parts of the coun¬ 
try. It is supposed to be the fossilized 
remains of great herds of animals 
which ages ago inhabited the country. 
They gathered in certain localities and 
died there, and through the ages which 
have passed since then their bones have 
become turned to a soft rock containing 
phosphoric acid. This rock is dug up 
and ground to a fine powder. In this 
condition it is known as “floats” or raw 
phosphate rock, and is used in some sec¬ 
tions as a fertilizer. When mixed with 
sulphuric acid this raw phosphate pow¬ 
der is called acid phosphate or super¬ 
phosphate. We presume you refer to 
the raw ground phosphate rock! , , 
Burned lime is ordinary limestone 
thoroughly burned. As taken from the 
soil pure limestone contains 56 pounds 
of lime and 44 pounds of carbonic acid. 
The burning drives the latter away and 
leaves lump or “quick” lime. This quick¬ 
lime “slakes,” that is, takes up water, 
and this slaked lime is what we refer 
to as burned lime as distinct from the 
limestone ground up fine without burn¬ 
ing. Now these three different things 
would give about the following in one 
ton: 
Phosphoric 
Acid Liine 
Slag phosphate . 360 900 
Raw ground phosphate rock 560 .... 
Slaked lime . 1250 
There is no exact way of comparing 
them except as to the lime, for the phos¬ 
phoric acid in the ground rock is as 
available as that in the slag. As a rule 
the ground rock gives very little results 
the first year or two except on heavy 
land, in connection with stable manure 
or heavy green crops plowed under. 
Chemical With Manure for Potatoes. 
F. H. B., Caldwell, Pa .—I have a clover 
sod which I intend to put in potatoes. I 
shall put seven loads of mixed manure to 
the acre. This manure has been in shelter, 
and is not leached. Besides the manure I 
intend to apply 200 or 300 pounds of potash 
to the acre, and I would like to know 
what kind of potash to use, sulphate or 
muriate. Last year I put on a heavier ap¬ 
plication of manure and no fertilizer. I 
had immense tops which covered the ground 
so you could not see any rows, but the 
potatoes did not yield as they should. 
Ans.— The potato crop, like all crops 
which produce large quantities of starch, 
demands an abundance of potash. Sta¬ 
ble manure is quite strong in nitrogen, 
but low in potash and phosphoric acid, 
which are both necessary to crops. As 
we have often stated when potatoes 
“run to vine,” corn makes a great stalk 
but poor ears, or trees make wood and 
leaf instead of fruit. The indications 
are that the proportion of nitrogen is 
too large as compared with the other 
elements. A “balanced fertilizer” is one 
which has potash and phosphoric acid 
in fair proportion to the nitrogen. In¬ 
stead of using 200 pounds or more of 
potash per acre on the potatoes you 
would do better to use 150 pounds of 
sulphate of potash and 300 pounds of 
acid phosphate. This will give a far 
better “balance” with the manure and 
sod than the potash alone. Spread these 
chemicals after plowing and harrow 
them in. 
The Value of Liquid Manure. 
8. J., Neic York .—I have seen it stated 
that liquid manure as it comes from the 
stable is equal in fertilizing value to a 
solution of nitrate of soda. Is that cor¬ 
rect, and how do these liquids compare with 
the fresh solids? 
Ans. —Some years ago we asked a 
number of scientists about this. The late 
Dr. E. B. Voorhees said: 
We have not used liquid manure alone 
for field crops. It is my judgment, how¬ 
ever, that the nitrogen in liquid manure 
will feed the plant practically as rapidly as 
it can take it up, and that its use for quick¬ 
growing crops is to be commended. The 
great trouble with farmers is that they 
allow such a waste of the liquid portion 
of manure. Our experiments showed that 
one part of nitrogen in the solid and liquid 
manure, fresh, was equal in crop-producing 
power of 3.38 parts of the solid manure, 
fresh, showing the very greatly increased 
value of the liquid portion. Regarding .the 
yield from nitrate as 100, the yield from 
solid and liquid manure, fresh, was 234.2. 
Inasmuch, however, as there was three 
times as much nitrogen used as in the solid 
and liquid manure, fresh, the ratio would 
be nitrate 100, solid and liquid manure, 
fresh, 78.1. The solid manure, fresh, was 
useful, therefore it would follow that if 
the liquid were used alone, it would more 
nearly approach in value the nitrate of 
soda. 
Lime and Potash for Swamp Land. 
C. C. II., New Baltimore, N. Y .—I have a 
young orchard which I would like to plant 
to potatoes. Last year this orchard was 
planted with corn. On the small hill in the 
center of the field the corn showed good 
yield. On the other portion of the field 
where the land» is on a level with a swamp 
adjoining it there was practically no corn 
at all, and hardly any stalks. There were 
no weeds nor grass, nor was there any 
water standing in this part of the field. 
Would you advise putting lime mixed with 
potash on the land? I have thought that 
I would plant the upper portion with pota¬ 
toes and sow the lower part with vetch. 
The vetch I would plow under and then sow 
this part with buckwheat. 
Ans. —No one could give a definite 
answer without seeing the field. While 
no water stood on the surface the water 
level below ground may be so near the 
surface that the soil is too wet. In 
such case nothing but drainage will 
remedy the trouble. If the drainage is 
fair or good it is probably a case of 
very sour soil and also a lack of potash. 
Such swamp soils are usually quite lack¬ 
ing in that element. In that case your 
plan is good, but we would not mix the 
potash and lime. Plow or disk the 
ground and broadcast the lime alone— 
harrow it in. Broadcast the potash 
when you seed and you will do better 
to use sulphate of potash. We doubt if 
vetch will pay on this soil. Better sow 
Canada field peas and plow them under. 
Its compensating gears and cutter bar re¬ 
aligning device are successful examples of 
the wonderful inventive genius of Mr. Joseph. 
Dain. The gears are so mounted in relation 
to each other that perfect balance and true 
mesh are permanently insured and the crank 
shaft is relieved of all end thrust, preventing 
lost motion, reducing draft and multiplying 
*utting power. That is why the Dain Mower 
'runs lightly and cuts where others fail. 
: It .is the only mower you can realign, your- 
;Self, right in the field with your wrench. This 
practical adjustment for maintaining the cutter 
bar in line with the pitman, means added 
efficiency and years of extra service. 
A Real Vertical Lift 
Notice the spade handle on the lever. Easy 
'to grasp, no twisting. One movement of one 
lever raises the bar, knife throws in and out of 
gear automatically as bar is raised and lowered. 
The large-coil, flexible spring floats' the cutter 
bar, does practically all the work in lifting with 
the foot at comers and helps in raising the bar 
vertically. 
Consult the nearest John Deere dealer, learn 
all about this greatest of all Mowers, and about 
the entire line of Dain Hay Tools. Loaders, Side 
Delivery Rakes, Stackers, Sweep Rakes. Presses; 
every one the best of its kind. 
Dain makes the best hay tools. They have 
been specializing on them for over a, quarter of 
a century. 
Send for full particulars and a free copy of 
"Better Farm Implements and How to Use 
Them," the most complete and practical book 
ever written. Write today, n n 
Ask for package No. R wm 
John Deere Plow Co. 
Moline, Dlinoi* 
“Grt Qmahtj *md Strvict, Jokm Drrrr DmUn (Jrvt B*tk* 
i@ 0 
I a [ 
il © 
Hupmobile Long-Stroke ‘‘32” Touring Car, $900 
F. O. B. Detroit, including: equipment of windshield, gras lamps and generator, oil lamps, tools and 
noni. Three speeds forward and reverse; sliding gears. Four cylinder motor, 3/4-lnch bore and 5%- 
inch stroke. Bosch magneto, 106-inch wheel base, 32 x 3%-inch tires. Color, Standard Hupmobilo 
Blue, Roadster, |900. 
Two cars whose name .< 
is your guarantee 
We refer to the two leading Hupmobiles—tho 
Long-Stroke "32” Touring Car. and the 
Standard 20 H. P. Runabout. 
Jlie product of the same engineering 
skill and the same shop organization that 
originated the Hupmobile. 
Both incorporating elements of value not 
found elsewhere at the price or near it. 
Each the 6ign and symbol of the highest and 
best construction of its particular type. 
The Long-Stroke “32,” with its cylinders cast 
in one piece, its three bearing crank shaft, 
its enclosed valves — a 
motor of extraordinary 
pulling power and sturdi¬ 
ness and absolute silence, 
perfectly dust-and oil- 
tight. 
Multiple disc clutch, 13 inch¬ 
es in diameter. 
Three-speed transmission, 
large enough for a 40 
H.P. car. 
Each a feature for the equal of which you must 
go beyond Hupmobile price.' ’ 
And a full floating rear axle of especially strong 
construction. 
Fifteen thousand owners, the world over, testi¬ 
fy to the worth and serviceability, the 
staunchness and durability, of the Runabout. 
It, too, has a unit power plant; multiple disc 
clutch; and sliding gear transmission. 
All the power you will ever need or want 
and to spare. 
If you are in the 
Standard 20 H. P. Runabout, $750 
market for a touring car 
around $900, or a two pas¬ 
senger car, around $750, 
get in touch with the Hup¬ 
mobile dealer. 
He will show you the actual 
value in these cars; the 
value that sets them above 
other cars of their prices. 
Write for complete cata¬ 
log. 
F. O. B. Detroit, with same power plant that took the world touring car around the world—four cylin- 
ders, 20 II. P., sliding gears, Bosch magneto. Equipped with top, windshield, gas lamps and generator, 
oil lamps, tools and horn. Roadster with 110-inch wheel base and highly finished steel box mounted 
on rear deck, J850. 
Hupp Motor Car Co., 1220 Jefferson Ave., Detroit, Mich. 
GOODHUE 
WINDMILLS 
Less than 2V2C per day 
for five years will not only buy an 8* Goodhne Windmill" 
and 30 Steel Tower, but will pay for all your pumping, 
buy all your repairs, and furnish you with a new mill and 
tower if yours is destroyed within five years by cyclone, 
tornado, run-away teams or any other cause except 
willful abuse or neglect. 
You cannot even pump your water for that sum In any 
other way. The time you lose starting and stopping 
your engine will amount to more than that. You simply 
cannot afford to use any other power for 
pumping. 
are strong, durable and safe, are self-oiling 
close governing and will get the most power out 
of any wind. _ Write us to-day for our catalogue 
and the details of our really remarkable propo¬ 
sition. Delays are expensive. Do not delay, 
APPLETON MFG.C0.327Pargo St., Batavia, Ill. 
¥ 
Six Years* Continuous Service 
Grand Rapids, Mich., R. F. D. No. 10, Feb. 12, 1912 
THE “NEW WAY” MOTOR COMPANY. 
■ V£ ix , y ^ s a . go 1 P’ irc hased one of yonr 3)4 H. P. “New Way” 
Air Cooled Engines and have used it every day since for pumping 
water for fifty head of stock, grinding feed and cutting wood. The 
engine lias always started readilv in hot or cold weather The 
repair cost has been practically nothing, and, if I could not get 
another New Way” I would not take twice what I paid for it.” 
(Signed) CHAS. RATIIBUN. 
Write ur for Catuloe No. & 
foi New-Mr /Hmii Company 
lAMsme, MrcmtAK. V.S.A. 
140 Sheridan Street 
The 
Marlin 
NEW MODEL 
29 
Repeating Rifle 
The gun to use for rab¬ 
bits, squirrels, hawks, 
crows and all small 
— game. 
Here’s the rifle you have been J 
waiting for== a n up-to-date .22 caliber repeater that 
handles without change or adjustment ,22 short, .22 long \ 
and .22 long-rifle cartridges of all makes and styles, yet sells at 
the surprisingly low price of $8.50. 
The solid-fop and side ejection are always a protection, keep shells, powder 
and gases from your face, allow instant repeat shots. Quick take-down construction— 
easily cleaned takes little space and brings greatest pleasure at small expense. 
Learn more about the full line. Send 3 TTlP 77lar/i/l j}reOT/nS G). 
Stamps postage for the 136 pa se/Har/vt catalog. I 57 Willow Street New Haven. Conn. 
1 
