1912. 
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER 
403 
Grafting Dwarf Apple. 
C. II. B., Charlottesville, Va .—Have any 
of your readers had experience any length 
of time with dwarf apple? Is the union on 
Doucin a permanent one? How large will 
the trees grow? I planted two trees 
bought for dwarf and planted deep, below 
the bud. I could not see any difference 
from standards in growth. My object is 
economy in spraying and gathering by hav¬ 
ing medium-sized trees, and more trees to 
the acre if practical. Will a budded tree 
on French crab grow as large as grafted 
provided one heads high, so there are only 
crab roots? Are French crab seedlings 
any better than domestic seedlings? 
Ans. —The union upon Doucin stock 
is usually good, although as a rule there 
is a noticeable enlargement at and im¬ 
mediately above junction of stock and 
scion or bud. I have seen trees upon 
Doucin stock that were at least 18 feet 
high, and the growth for first few years 
in nursery or orchard is almost if not 
quite as vigorous as a standard tree. 
There will be practically no difference 
in size between a root-grafted or budded 
tree, as only occasionally will a tree 
root above the bud or graft even if 
deeply set. A large proportion of the 
apple trees grown in the East are grown 
upon so-called French crab seedlings. 
These seedlings give better satisfaction 
to the nurserymen, being usually larger, 
more uniform and practically free from 
crown-gall, hairy-root and woolly aphis. 
Many of the American-grown seedlings 
are grown from the imported French 
crab seed. During past 10 years I have 
seen several plantings of dwarf apples, 
the trees being from one to 50 years 
old, and see no reason to advise one to 
plant them as a commercial proposition. 
Almost all varieties grown as standard 
low-headed trees and properly handled 
will bear as many apples and of as high 
a quality as the half dwarf tree upon 
Doucin stock, and will be almost as 
low down. The Paradise stock pro¬ 
duces a bush rather than a tree, and is 
of little or no commercial value. Dwarf 
apple trees certainly fill a place with the 
amateur, and for gardens, back yards, 
lawns, etc. b. d. v. b. 
GRAFTING PERSIAN ON BLACK WALNUT. 
W. J. O., Orangeville, Ont .—I have lately 
become interested in a 50-acre ranch in 
the walnut section of Coutra Costa Co., Cal., 
convenient to Concord and near Mount 
Diablo. The idea is to plant this lot to 
English walnuts grafted on Black walnut 
seedling stock, and in order to start right 
and save time and money in experiments, 
1 come to seek advice from Prof. Van 
Deman. What is the best and surest 
method of placing grafts in the Black 
walnut seedlings; whether to insert the 
graft close to the root or work higher up? 
Can they be successfully budded to make 
as good a tree, and when is the best season 
for grafting and budding, presuming that 
cultivated crops may be raised in the 
meantime until fruiting to meet working 
expenses and planting the walnut trees 50 
feet apart? Would it be all right to plant 
peach, pear or other fruits between the 
walnuts in the row one way? 
Ans. —The region mentioned in Cali¬ 
fornia is one that is well adapted to 
walnut culture and the idea of planting 
a 50-acre orchard of the best varieties 
is a good one. The trees should be set 
50 feet apart in plain squares or tri¬ 
angles. The latter would be more eco¬ 
nomical of space. Between the rows, 
at least one way, there may be grown 
other trees, as is suggested, such as the 
peach, pear or prune, to occupy the space 
profitably during the first few years and 
yield early returns. But I would not 
think apricot trees very suitable for this 
purpose because they are exceedingly 
strong growers, and might injure the 
walnut trees to some extent before they 
would be cut out. The native walnut 
of California is the stock used for 
grafting on the improved varieties and 
it is well suited for this purpose. The 
trees seem to be thriftier on it than on 
their own roots. It does not matter 
whether the trees are grown by budding 
or grafting, for both methods of propa¬ 
gation are successful. However, collar¬ 
grafting is the more common method 
followed. The scion is set about three 
or four inches below the surface of the 
ground in seedlings that are two years 
old. The cleft or tongue method of 
grafting may be used, but the latter 
makes the best union, especially if the 
scions are large enough to unite on both 
sides of the cut. This is done with 
most success very early in the Spring 
and before there is any action of the 
sap from the impulses of Spring. If 
the wood is kept by refrigeration in a 
damp place it may be used in grafting 
at the collar or above ground after the 
stocks are well started into growth. In 
this waxing of the wound should be 
done in the best manner, as with any 
other species, but in crown grafting the 
earth should be firmly packed nearly to 
the top of the scions and no waxing is 
needed. 
Budding walnut trees is practicable in 
skilled hands only. The patch method 
is the best one and none but dormant 
buds of the preceding year’s growth 
should be used. They should be cut 
from the trees and put in the same day 
or very soon afterwards to prevent any 
loss of vitality or the drying of the sap 
in the tender cambium layer, where the 
union must take place. This kind of 
budding is done about May, June and 
early in July. The stocks should be 
very thrifty and the bud wood as large 
as can be found. Only a part of the 
buds on the lower portion of the stick 
or shoot will be dormant and fit to use, 
the rest having started into growth and 
are thrown away. When the patch is 
set in its place and securely bound there 
with waxed cloth, it should not be 
touched for 20 days. If it is then united 
with the stock the bandage should be 
cut on the side opposite the bud and 
the top of the stock slashed about three 
or four inches above it and bent over 
to start the bud into growth and yet 
maintain circulation of the sap. When 
it is well started the top may be cut 
away. This is to be done, with the 
earlier set buds, but the later ones 
should be left dormant until the next 
Spring. h. e. van deman. 
Strawberries for New York. 
What would be the best selection of 
strawberries to use in setting out two acres 
in this section of Livingston Co., N. Y., 
close to the Monroe County line? Soil, 
some sandy loam, some heavier, but no 
cla y- E. L. D. h. 
Lima, N. Y. 
The surest way of determining the value 
of auy variety of strawberry for any locality 
is by trial setting, only a few plants and 
testing their behaviour before growing ex- 
tensively for commercial work. Considerable 
light may often be thrown on this question 
by a study of the varieties most success¬ 
fully grown in the neighborhood. The fol¬ 
lowing list is therefore only suggestive. It 
includes some of the varieties which are 
favorites in a number of places in New 
york State, and they are worthy of trial 
where they have not been grown. Early 
varieties: Abington, Beder Wood, Early 
Ozark, Highland, Senator Dunlap; mid-sea¬ 
son varieties: Amanda, Chesapeake, Glen 
Mary, Marshall and Samnle; late varieties: 
Brandywine, Columbia, Rough Rider and 
Stevens Late Champion.. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a 
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and a 
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
SHE QUIT COFFEE 
And Much Good Came From It. 
It is hard to believe that coffee will 
put a person in st.ch a condition as it 
did a woman of Apple Creek, O. She 
tells her own story: 
“I did not believe coffee caused my 
trouble, and frequently said I liked it 
so well I would not quit drinking it, 
even if it took my life, but I was 
a miserable sufferer from heart trouble 
and nervous prostration for four years. 
“I was scarcely able to be around 
at all. Had no energy and did not 
care for anything. Was emaciated and 
had a constant pain around my heart 
until I thought I could not endure it. 
I felt as though I was liable to die any 
time. 
“Frequently I had nervous chills and 
the least excitement would drive sleep 
away, and any little noise would up¬ 
set me terribly. I was gradually get¬ 
ting worse until finally, one day, it 
came over me and I asked myself what 
is the use of being sick all the time and 
buying medicine so that I could indulge 
myself in coffee? 
“So I thought I would see if I could 
quit drinking coffee, and got some Post- 
urn to help me quit. I made it strictly 
according to directions and I want to 
tell you that change was the greatest 
step in my life. It was easy to quit 
coffee because I had the Postum which 
I like better than I liked the old cof¬ 
fee. One by one the old troubles left, 
until now I am in splendid health, 
nerves steady, heart all right and the 
pain all gone. Never have any more 
nervous chills, don’t take any medicine, 
can do all my housework and have done 
a great deal besides. 
“My sister-in-law, who visited me this 
Summer, had been an invalid for some 
time; much as I was. I got her to 
quit coffee and drink Postum. She 
gained five pounds in three weeks, and 
I never saw such a change in anyone’s 
health.” 
“There’s a reason.” 
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