. 1912. 
Si'HtC NEW-YORKER 
466 
THE PROPAGATION OF NUT TREES. 
E. V. 3., Cleelum, N. C .—I come to you 
for advice about grafting. I have a number 
of seedling pecans and some native hick¬ 
ories that I wish to graft with scions from 
a hardy, high grade pecan like the Appo¬ 
mattox, Mantura or the Stuart. What is 
the best method and time to do it, to graft 
or to bud? I also have a lot of fine Black 
walnut seedlings that I wish to graft or 
bud with a hardy, high grade English wal¬ 
nut. Please direct me to the best method 
and time. 
Ans. —This inquiry opens the entire 
subject of the propagation of nut trees 
by grafting and budding, which is by 
no means an easy thing to do. That is 
the main reason why trees of the im¬ 
proved varieties are costly and in the 
case of the walnuts, very difficult to 
purchase from the nurseries. Graft¬ 
ing and budding are both used in 
the work. Some propagators pre¬ 
fer one way and some the other, but 
most of them practice both. The 
grafting is done by different methods. 
The tongue, or splice method is the one 
in general use, although the cleft-graft 
is very good for large stocks. In my 
own experience I have used them all, 
and with varied success and failure. 
There are two main points that really 
stand out above all the rest, that the 
stocks and scions be in perfect condi¬ 
tion, and that the work be done in the 
most nearly perfect manner possible. 
Scions to be in perfect condition must 
be absolutely dormant. They should be 
cut from the trees before there is the 
slightest action of the sap in Spring, 
The stock may be either dormant or 
active when they are grafted. I have 
succeeded under both conditions and 
likewise failed, but I feel sure it was 
largely owing to the unsuitable condi¬ 
tion of the scions.. Their vitality is 
lowered very easily and sometimes 
very quickly. Severe cold and sudden 
changes of temperature will do it. If 
there is the slightest discoloration of 
the cambium layer observable the wood 
is of no value for propagation. It 
must be fresh and plump. If it is 
packed in such a manner as to become 
very wet that will injure it. A natural 
state of moisture is all that is required 
and as cool and unchangeable a tem¬ 
perature as may be possible is the best 
for the safe keeping of the wood. If 
this is done the scions may be safely 
set after the leaves are well out on 
the stocks. If the stocks and scions 
are both perfectly dormant there is 
reasonable hope of success, and in 
such cases the wood can be cut from 
the trees and grafted at once. There 
is danger, however, of the grafts being 
injured by cold unless the work is done 
below ground and safely covered. If 
above ground it must be done late 
enough to avoid danger of being frozen. 
Where it is done below pround there 
is no need of waxing the union, but if 
above ground it must be done in the 
most thorough manner. 
Budding nut trees cannot be done 
successfully by the ordinary shield 
method commonly used with peach, ap¬ 
ple and other fruit trees. The patch 
method is the best so far as my ex¬ 
perience and observation goes, and con¬ 
trary to the popular belief about the 
time for budding, the late Spring and 
early Summer has proved more success¬ 
ful than late Summer. Of course dor¬ 
mant buds of the previous season’s 
growth must be used. These are best 
if taken directly from the trees and 
inserted very soon afterwards. There 
will be several buds near the outer end 
of the shoot that have started into 
growth and these must be cut away 
entirely. Those that are nearer the 
base are apt to be dormant and are the 
ones to use. The patch must be put 
on in the most accurate and careful 
manner, that a perfect fit is made or 
there will be no success. For this 
purpose there are several tools made, 
some of which have been patented. 
The best one is not patented, but is 
simply a small and nearly square, sten¬ 
cil-like die that serves to cut out a 
patch of bark from the stock and one 
exactly like it from the bud-stick, 
which is sure to fit in place. Not a 
second should be lost in getting it on, 
for the cambium layers are very tender 
and easily injured by exposure to the 
air. The tying should be done with 
narrow strips of waxed cloth. These 
should be made of thin but strong 
muslin and bound on very tightly, for 
on this depends the success of the en¬ 
tire operation. The bandage should be 
left on about 20 days, when it should 
be slit on the side opposite the bud. 
Stocks on which the buds fail to take 
may be rebudded if there is budding 
wood in reserve. Two knives set in 
a block an inch or a little less apart 
make a very good budding tool for 
this kind of work, but it only cuts the 
patch at top and bottom. 
H. E. VAN DEMAN. 
Value of Oyster-Shell Lime. 
Is oyster-sliell lime that has been used 
to purify gas as good for agricultural pur¬ 
poses as the stone lime, or it is worthless? 
I have the opportunity to get some for the 
hauling, and some of the farmers here say 
it is no good, and some say it is just as 
good as the stone lime. 
Fishkill, N. Y. w. if. r. 
Any kind of lime which has been used 
in connection with the manufacture of gas 
is not as good and will not perform all of 
the functions of stone lime. It usually 
contains poisonous substances, and ought to 
be exposed to the air for some time before 
it is applied to the- land, but on account 
of the chemical changes that have taken 
place, one could never expect it to do more 
than a small part of the work of slaked 
lime, finely ground burned lime, high-grade 
marl, or ground limestone. 
H. J. WHEELER. 
An- Orchard Singletree. —Do you know 
of having shown an orchard singletree, for 
preventing injury to young trees in close 
cultivation? If not, would it not be a 
good thing on which to ask for ideas? 
Mesilla, New Mexico. c. E. L. 
R. N.-Y.—It would, and we do so. Many 
of our fruit growers have plows for work¬ 
ing near trees without barking them. Let 
us know how the thing is managed. 
Ontario Apple. —I handled a few barrels 
of Ontario last year, and personally I 
would not plant it commercially, as it is 
overgrown in size, not well colored and too 
tender in flesh to carry well In barrels. 
Dutchess Co., N. Y. w. h. hart. 
Wish to Save Money, Come From 
At your disposal madam, in this book, is 
the pick of the new spring clothing. These 
suits, dresses and waists are the same 
pleasing designs and fabrics shown in all the 
first class fashion magazines and displayed 
in the most exclusive stores. But here is the 
difference—our prices are 20 to 50 per cent 
below what others charge. This is because 
we sell direct to you without your having to 
pay unnecessary profits to agents and dealers. 
Undergarments, hats, shoes, gloves, parasols, 
dry goods—a full line of new, attractive, ser¬ 
viceable dress accessories — are also shown in 
this book at worth while money saving prices. 
Your spring and summer outfit, if you buy it 
from this book, will be prettier, more complete, 
than ever. Besides, think of the money you’ll 
save. 
Put your name and address on these two lines. 
Cut this coupon and send it by the next mail if possi¬ 
ble. We will send you your copy of this money sav- 
ing buying guide at once. _ 
MONTGOMERY WARD & CO. 
Chicago Ave. Bridge 19th and Campbell Sts. 
CHICAGO KANSAS CITY 
NAME_ 
P. 0.__STATE_ 
_ _163_ 
The Man with the Hoe 
Wants a Good Fertilizer 
For the land’s sake 
give him BOWKER’S 
Don’t do a good job with the hoe, and a poor one 
with the fertilizer. As long as you must hoe, why 
not have the best possible crops to show for it? 
Thorough cultivation coupled with the right fertilizer, 
and enough of it, will increase the production and 
profits of any farm. 
We have a brand to fit every crop and every 
pocket book, and every bag of fertilizer we ship is 
backed by forty years of experience, prompt service, 
the best materials, the best facilities. 
We want agents wherever we are not now represented. 
Write today for prices and terms; this may mean a good 
business for you if you act at once. 
Write anyhow for our illustrated catalogue and calendar. 
We want you to know Bowker’s before you buy your spring 
fertilizer. 
Address, Department E 
FERTILIZER COMPANY, 
.Dvf W jVX-JXV 60 Trinity Place, New York. 
Original and largest manufacturers of special fertilizers. 
Dull Plow Sharpened 
in 5 flinutes 
Get your plowshares and tools 
sharpened now, ready for spring work 
J. O. Smith, Woodvilte, Ky., writes, “My ten year old boy ground several 
chilled plowshares—he sharpens all the tools on the place." 
_ Over one-half million farmers know this to be true and sharpen their 
sickles, discs and all farm tools with the 
Luther Farm Tool Grinder 
It is a wonderful tool grinder—the only all steel frame grinder made— 
has shaft drive like an automobile—enclosed bearings—gravity lubrication. Has 30 differ¬ 
ent attachments for doing all kinds of difficult tool sharpening, also ripsaw, jigsaw, 
drill, milk tester attachment, lathe, forge, etc. 
Fast Sharpening Wheels Save Time. Luther Tool Griadors have Dimo-Gri* Sharp¬ 
ening wheels. 25 tunes faster than grindstone —10 times more efficient than emery. 
Will not draw temper. 
FREE Trial on Your Farm 
for special offer which pormits yon to use this outfit on yonr farm 80 days free 
without advance payment; also 40pago book which tells everything and hnndreta ol 
letters from satisfied users. 
Luther Grinder Mffg. Co, , • 028 Stroll Bldg., Milwaukee, Wli. , 
10 DAYS FREE TRIAL HSIi 
prepaid to anyplace in the United States without a cent deposit in advance, and 
allow ten days free trial from the day you receive it. If it does not suit you in 
every way and is not all or more than we claim for it and a better bicycle than you can get 
anywhere else regardless of price, or if for any reason whatever you do not wish to keep it, 
ship it back to us at our expense for freight and you will not be out one cent. 
I flW FAPTARY DRIPFQ We sell the highest grade bicycles direct from factory 
» rHUIUlU rniwta to rider at lower prices than any other house. We 
saveyoiTSioTo'JzsTindillemen’s profit on every bicycle. Highest grade models with 
Puncture-Proof tires, Imported Roller chains, pedals, etc., at prices no higher than cheap 
mail order bicycles; also reliable medium grade models at unheard of low prices. 
DinCD ACCIITC UfAUTCn in each town and district to ride and exhibit a sample 
IflUtin AUER 19 VVAIIICU 19 I?“Ranger” Bicyclefurnishedby us. You will,bo 
astonished at the wonderfully low prices and the liberal propositions and special offer we wilt 
give on the first 191 , sample going to your town. Write at once tor our special offer. 
DO NOT BUY a bicycle or a pair of tires from anyone at any price until you receive our catalogue 
and learn our low prices and liberal terms. BICYCLE DEALERS, you can sell our bicycles under 
y 1 own name plate at double our prices. Orders filled the day received. 
SECOND HAND BICYCLES—a limited number taken in trade by our Chicago retail stores will 
heclosed out_at_once,_at Jgd toS 8 each. Descriptive bargain list mailed free. 
rear wheels, innertubes, lamps, cyclometers,parts, repairs 
_ and everything in the bicycle line at half usual prices. 
OO NOT WAIT but write today for our Large Catalogue beautifully illustrated and containing a great fund of 
Interesting matter and useful information. It only costs a postal to get everything. Write It now. 
TIRES, COASTER BRAKE 
AIT but write today for our Large C 
after and useful information. It onl 
MEAD CYCLE CO. Dept, dso 
CHICAGO, ILL. 
Here's Your Biggest Select ion^^m 
of Buggies In America 
TYHELPS, the biggest personal buggy 
\~ maker in America, has all his latest 
styles ready to show you in his big 1912 book. > 
^-H new stock. Better values than ever this 
y ea rin Split Hickory Buggies._ 
Not a single old shopworn job in I 
^Phelps factories. Get his book ] 
and you be thei 
judge. I /J 
When yon 
get Phelps’ 
Book—written by 
.Phelps himself — 
you’ll find it con¬ 
tains more styles 
and kinds of ve¬ 
hicles to select just 
the one you want from 
than you could see 
* in ten Big Towns—or in 25 
__ Dealer’s Stores. A big line of 
H. C. Phelps, Pres. Auto Seat Buggies—Surreys—Car- 
____ riages—Runabouts—Driving Carts — 
. . Spring Wagons, etc.— made to order— with 
any choice as to finish trimmings, upholstery, etc., all the quality in—all 
the needless jobbers’ and dealers’ profits out—just what you want—when you 
want it—not what some dealer happens to have on hand. 
Sai^es You AH Middlemen's Profits 
Of $25.00 and Up, According to What You Want 
He will save you this money on price and send you a better made-to-order buggy because no middle¬ 
men share what you pay for a Spilt Hickory. Phelps’ wholesale price to you satisfies him because of his large volume 
of sales. He proves this to you in his book. Shows you by map of states just where 150.000 Split Hickories are being used. 
Tells the names of owners nearyouifyou wish to write or see them. So send forthe book—FREE. Thendecide. 
H. C. Phelps, Pres., THE OHIO CARRIAGE MFG. CO., Sta.290, Columbus, O. 
