1912. 
THIS RURAL NEW-VORRER 
663 
Another Grape Vine Trellis. 
J. R. 0., Massachusetts .—All cuts of 
grape trellis that I am able to find are 
of the cross-bar or wire beginning about 
a foot from the ground, with an additional 
bar or wire every 15 inches or so to a 
height of seven or eight feet. The trellis 
I am to build is for my own suburban 
home, and as 1 desire to have the view 
open as much as possible a trellis as sug¬ 
gested by the article on page 227 would 
meet with my hearty approval. 
Ans. —A modification of the trellis 
shown on page 227 is shown in the cut 
at Fig. 198. The middle wire goes 
through holes in the posts. The middle 
slot sets down over the middle wire, 
while the two outside wires run through 
slots in the cross-arm two inches from 
the ends. The cross-arms are 1x4 
inches for all but end cross-arms, which 
are 2x4 inches. The cross-arms are 
nailed to the posts and should also be 
braced by wire running from the ends 
of the cross-arm and then down around 
the post 18 or 20 inches below the arm. 
The stem of the vine is brought to a 
height a little above the level of the 
middle wire and tied to it. Two canes 
that develop near this level the present 
season are left next Fall and in the 
Spring of 1913 are tied to the right 
and left along this middle wire. Two 
short spurs are left near this location 
to furnish bearing wood for 1914 and 
all else removed. The shoots develop¬ 
ing from these grow out and over the 
outside wires, making a canopy, the 
fruit hanging in a natural position be¬ 
neath and protected from the sun. This 
trellis simulates the position of the wild 
vine more nearly than any other. The 
growth is out of the way of cultivation, 
good air drainage is insured, and one 
can pass readily from row to row. In 
my former article I recommended this 
trellis for the home vineyard. The ex¬ 
pense of construction makes it prohibi¬ 
tive commercially except for fancy ta¬ 
ble varieties. f. e. gladwin. 
The Business of Pear Growing. 
O. R. 8.. Owensville, Ind .—What is the 
volume of the pear business in the United 
States, and where are the orchards located? 
There are as much as 150,000 Keiffer pear 
trees in Gibson and Posey Counties, In¬ 
diana, of bearing age, but I have never 
seen this field mentioned in any paper. 
The Government report says but very little 
about the volume of the pear business, or 
prices received by the farmers for their 
pears. What is the legal weight of a 
bushel of pears? 
Ans. —The 12th Census, taken in 1900, 
showed a total of 17,716,184 pear trees 
of bearing age in orchards. The States 
having more than 500,000 trees each 
were California, 2,512,890; Illinois, 
795,551; Indiana, 868,184; Maryland, 
690,483; Michigan, 1,187,110; Missouri, 
548,702; New Jersey, 926,117; New 
York, 2,183,909; Ohio, 921,412; Penn¬ 
sylvania, 815,349; Texas, 1,044,680. The 
13th Census will undoubtedly show con¬ 
siderable changes of totals, as there has 
been a considerable destruction of com¬ 
mercial orchards by blight in some sec¬ 
tions, while heavily increased plantings 
have been made in other sections. The 
Census figures are supposed to include 
all pear trees of bearing age, whether 
in commercial orchards or scattered 
trees on farms and in gardens, so that 
when the total number of trees in a 
State runs up to several hundred thou¬ 
sand it does not necessarily indicate 
that commercial pear growing has 
reached an important stage of develop¬ 
ment. There are no figures covering 
either the number of trees or size of 
crop for the entire country more recent 
than those of the 12th Census, and no 
estimates covering the total pear crop 
of the country have been made. During 
the past 10 years there has been a con¬ 
siderable development of our pear ex¬ 
ports, the Bureau of Statistics of the 
Department of Commerce and Labor 
giving the value of these during the past 
10 years as follows: 
1906. 
.$631,972 
1907. 
. 675,944 
1908. 
. 288,918 
1909. 
. 546,198 
1910. 
. 502,958 
1911. 
. 578,067 
Previous to 1906 pears were included 
among other fruits not specified. 
As to legal weights of pears per 
bushel, Bailey’s Farm and Garden Rule 
Book states that legal weights have been 
established in seven different States. 
The weight per bushel adopted by Idaho, 
Montana, Oregon and Washington is 
45 pounds. In Missouri it is 48 pounds; 
in Tennessee 56 pounds; in Florida 60 
pounds. WM. A. TAYLOR. 
Bureau of Plant Industry. 
Low-headed Trees. 
In reply to the article on page 400 in 
regards to heading too low, I would like 
to give a few reasons in favor of low 
heading. The most important one, perhaps, 
is that they can be sprayed. The apples 
are easier to pick from a low tree. The 
apples and trees are not so liable to be 
damaged by wind. Most of the pruning 
can be done from the ground. A low flat 
tree can be so pruned as to allow the sun 
to perfect a greater number of apples than 
could possibly be grown on a high-top tree. 
Terhaps B. F. W. did not stop to think as 
a_ boy, and has not since, that the best 
apples were the ones that received the most 
sunlight, and in the case of the old high- 
top these few would be at the top, but 
with a low flat-headed tree, open in the 
center, nearly every apple can receive its 
share of sun and will develop accordingly. 
A low-headed tree does not necessarily 
have to have branches that reach the 
ground. I have trimmed my trees so as 
to work under them and yet they have low 
heads. t. s. p. 
New York. 
B. F. W., in his article on heading apple 
trees, makes the error of nearly all theo¬ 
rists ; the shaping of a tree is a matter of 
locality ; on high, exposed lands low heads 
are right, but I have an orchard, mostly 
Northern Spy, on level land, on bank of 
small river, which is overflowed Spring 
and some times Fall, in which such head¬ 
ing would be a sure failure. I must have 
air circulation under the trees, or we have 
fruit ruined by mould and fungus, and no 
color. As it is, they give me credit for 
growing Spy fit to compete in flavor with 
any, and in appearance with Western 
fruit. We must in all our work do as 
good physicians do, take into account' the 
personal equation, and the surroundings. 
Another thing may help some one; in 
using power sprayers, watch the disk in 
your nozzles; present sprays are very 
corrosive, and soon enlarge the aperture, 
and “mist bad,” probably the engine or 
pump is blamed, when the fault is in the 
disk, and the cost of new is trifling. Hav¬ 
ing had 10 years’ experience with power, I 
cannot see how we did without it. 
Genesee Co., N. Y. wm. l. bradley. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a 
‘square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
Every Crisp, 
Little Flake 
Of 
Post 
Toasties 
has a flavour all its own. 
“Toasties” are made of 
selected white Indian corn; 
first cooked, then rolled into 
wafer-like bits and toasted 
to an appetizing golden 
brown. 
A favorite food for break¬ 
fast, lunch or supper in 
thousands upon thousands 
of homes where people are 
particular. 
a 
The Memory Lingers 99 
Sold by Grocers 
Postum Cereal Company, Limited 
Battle Creek, Mich. 
GROW 100% POTATO CROPS 
It is the 100% crops that make the big profits. And 100% crops 
are made possible only by right cultivation. By killing the 
weeds, holding the moisture and making plenty 01 plant food 
available, you can grow 100% crops. 
lkOtiASE 
CULTIVATORS 
will do it. They make fields of average 
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right for other crops. 
Ask your dealer to show you IRON 
AGE CULTIVATORS—the kinds that 
are made to work and last. Backed by 76 
years’ experience, and modern in every 
detail. Write today for special cultivator 
booklet. 
BATEMAN M’F’G CO., 
Box J02 C. Grenloch, N. J. 
Makers of complete line farm, garden and 
orchard tools. 
BUY A NEW YORK STATE WAGON 
DIRECT FROM FACTORY 
Handy Wagon: Removable 
seats, drop end gate, strong and 
durable. Can’t be duplicated 
anywhere at retail for less than 
$80.00. 
IF you want the best made at the lowest 
* possible price. We build wagons for ser¬ 
vice—not merely to sell. We are the only N. Y. 
State factory selling direct to user, saving one- 
third of the coat for you. 
Send for One on Approval 
Safe delivery guaranteed—no deposit or references 
required. Our wagon can sell itself or there will 
be no sale. Write today for catalog of 200 styles 
and Wholesale Price List. Harness Catalog 
shows equally big values. Send postal today. 
A No. 1 Runabout: spindle 
seat, easy riding, will last for 
many years. It defies competi¬ 
tion, and retails for $65.00. 
ROCHESTER VEHICLE COM PAM V, 360 MAIN STREET, ROCHESTER, NEW VORK 
) 
Down.- 
TOWER'S 
w 
r 
V 
and 
FISH BRAND 
REFLEX 
SLICKER 
Outf/tat 
*| ^Delivered 
"Wriie Us Today 
I rVl* y ‘ 
STANDARD EARTH AUGER 
1004 Newport Ave., Chicago, 
HYDREX- 
PLUVINOX 
-WATER- PROOF- 
ROOFING 
For Roofing, Siding and 
Lining Poultry Houses 
and all Outbuildings : : 
Clean Durable Odorless 
'T'HIS Is a Water and Air-Proofing of 
-*■ which you are always sure—which 
you can absolutely depend upon to 
thoroughly protect your chickens and 
stock from dampness and draughts. 
Just see how well Pluvinox is made. 
First it is thoroughly soaked through 
and through with the heaviest water¬ 
proofing compound; then it is heavily 
coated on both sides so that air or 
water cannot even get through the 
surface, let alone through the inside. 
Finally a layer of soapstone is placed 
on both surfaces to shed water and 
further protect the roofing. 
We will send on request samples so that you may 
see how sturdy and well-mado it is; compare it with 
others and find how very low is the price weask for it. 
Send o postal now to Dept. 30 
HYDREX Felt & Engineering Co. 
120 Liberty St., New York. Works—Rahway, N.J. 
STEEL WHEELS 
(I,ow-Down) 
to fit your farm’wagon, 
is the combination that makes 
you look and feel like an Up- 
To-Date farmer. You can do 
more work without being so tired, 
and you can do so much of your 
work alone with the Low-Down 
Steel Wheels. Ask for free 
Catalogue of Instructions. 
Havana Metal Wheel Co. 
Box 17 Havana, Ill. 
THAT’S WHERE ALL 
THE WATER GOES 
Even the front of this slicker 
is WATERPROOF; our Reflex edges 
(Pat’d) guide every drop to the bottom. 
Made for good hardserviceyet looks 
like anordinaiy overcoat. 
YOU CAN’T GET WET 
ROWER 'S SATISFACTION 
5 GUARANTEED^ 
£tSH a j TOWER CO. r 
3 OO 
Everywhere, 
* 
BOSTON 0 
TOWER CANADIAN im 
TORONTO. 
/ 3 MoreW ater Z 
"American” Centrifugal Pump 
than by others because the impeller 
is accurately machined to the casing, 
preventing any sudden 
change in direction 
of the water. Not 
an ounce of power 
js wasted. Every 
American” Cen¬ 
trifugal absolutely 
guaranteed. 
Write for new 
catalog. 
THE AMERICAN WELL WORKS 
Office an<l Works, Aurora, 111. 
Fir«t National Bank Building, CHICAQO 
WAGON SENSE 
Don’t break your back and kill your 
horses with a high wheel wagon. 
For comfort’s sake get an 
Electric Handy Wagon 
It will save you time and money. A 
set of Electric Steel Wheels will 
make your old wagon new at small 
cost. Write for catalogue. It is free. 
ELECTRIC WHEEL CO., Box 48, Qulnoj. IIL 
Hay at $25.00 PerTon 
With hay selling at $25.00 per ton, corn ami other 
grains selling at a very high price, you want to 
secure the 
BEST FERTILIZER to INCREASE Your Crops 
Joynt's Pure Canada Unleached Hardwood Ashes 
are the Best Manure for worn-out l,ands. THEY 
ENRICH THE EARTH. Write for information 
and prices delivered at your station. Address 
JOHN JOYNT, LUCKNOW, Ont., Canada 
IOWA 
NEW GALVANIZED GATES 
’■ $ rs 
GATES 
' ^Let me ship the grates you need for 60 days 1 1 
rree inspection and trial. Save from $50 tO ? 1 
COCA -- -_..t._ v_ _ /-A . 
Hi 
are made of high carbon steel tubing and large stiff No. 9 
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cheaper than ever before. Jos B. Clay, Manager., IOWA GATE CO., 45 Clay Street, Cedar Falla, Iowa 
