660 
April 27, 
The Rural New-Yorker 
THE BUSINESS FARMERS PAPER 
A Natltndil Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Home* 
Established 18S0 
Published weekly by the Rural Publishing Company, 4 A Pearl St., New York 
Herbert VY. Collingwood, President and Editor. 
JoHE J. Dillon, Treasurer and General Manager. 
Wm. F Dillon Sir' retary. Mrs. E. T. Roylk, Associate Editor. 
SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR 
To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union. $2.(4. equal to 8s. 8d-, or 
marks, or 10X francs. Remit in money order, express 
order, personal check or bank draft. 
Entered at New York Post Office as Second Class Matter. 
Advertising rates 60 cents per agate line—7 words. Discount for time orders. 
References required for advertisers unknown to us ; and 
cash must accompany transient orders. 
“A SQUARE DEAL” 
We believe that every advertisement in this paper is backed by a respon¬ 
sible person. But to make doubly sure we will make good any loss to paid 
subscribers sustained by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our 
columns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We protect sub¬ 
scribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee to adjust trifling differences 
between subscribers and honest, responsible advertisers. Neither wiil we to 
eeanonsiuin for the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the court*. 
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one month of the time of 
the transaction, and yon must have Mentioned Tub Rural New-Yorker 
when writing the advertiser. _ 
TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS. 
In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive, 
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it 
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory pur¬ 
poses. We depend on our old friends to make this 
known to neighbors and friends. 
* 
On page 542 is a note about the “wart disease” of 
potatoes. It is a bad one, and must be kept out of 
this country. The English Board of Agriculture treats 
it somewhat as tuberculosis is treated here. An order 
has been issued compelling farmers to give notifica¬ 
tion when the disease appears in their crop, and for¬ 
bidding the shipment of diseased tubers until after 
investigation. Suppose we had such a law concern¬ 
ing potato scab? 
* i 
Will some Southern farmer tell us why Congress¬ 
men from his section always line up in favor of oleo 
and against honest butter? If they are really in favor 
of developing the natural resources of the South the 
merest child could show them that the cow is the cit¬ 
izen to do this work. It seems to us that the position 
of these Southern men on the oleo question turns 
statesmanship into a game of blind man’s buff. Can 
we get any reasonable explanation? 
* 
A reader wants to know why New York farmers do 
not have more to do with legislation at Albany. Read 
the statement of the Senate Agricultural committee 
on page 543. These men were to decide agricultural 
legislation because there were practically no farmers 
in the Senate. The only remedy is for the farmers 
of the State to send more of their own class. In the 
Assembly Thomas B. Wilson was chairman of the 
agricultural committee, and one of the most useful 
men who ever represented agriculture at the capital. 
Put him in the Senate if you want results! 
♦ 
Gov. Dix of New York has signed the bill which 
provides $50,000 for a new agricultural school on 
Long Island. We have opposed establishing more of 
these schools until the three now in operation have 
proved themselves. If, however, there is to be a new 
one Long Island is the place for it. The farm condi¬ 
tions on the Island are different from those in any 
other part of the State. Long Island is essentially 
a State by itself. It has its own problems of climate, 
barren land and, what is harder yet, a full crop of 
back-to-the-landers. Success to the Long Island farm 
school. * 
We want you to read every word of the article on 
parcels post on page 563. This gives the facts so that 
you can keep them for reference. Congress has now 
come to the point where it feels like a man who has 
been pulled until he knows his feet are slipping. 
“Stop pulling,” he says, “and I will come!” Yet if 
you let up on the strain he will be able to brace those 
feet again, and it will require twice the work to get 
him. Do not let up, but write your Congressman 
harder than ever. Some years ago we enlisted for the 
war or for life in this parcels post campaign. The 
principle is right, and we shall stay by it until the end. 
* 
“Every reform was once a private opinion, and 
when it shall be private opinion again it will solve the 
problem of the age.” 
Emerson spoke largely in riddles, yet we may 
quickly get his thought in this. A man sees the in¬ 
justice and wrong of some law or public habit. Pain, 
loss, or experience prove the fact to him. He finds 
others dull, indifferent or cynical. His private opin¬ 
ion has little weight. Finally he meets others of like 
mind. They talk and slowly bring the truth home to 
others. It spreads like a fire and finally burns in the 
mind of the nation until public men are forced to 
change the law or remove the injustice. That is what 
we call a reform. The new public habit becomes 
fixed, and with that the idea becomes once more a 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
private opinion, and we nearly forget how the world 
went before that reform grew and dominated public 
thought. We are now, in this country, going through 
the process of developing private opinion into great 
reforms. That is why America and the world seems 
full of unrest. Some of us have seen for years the 
deep injustice of the distribution of labor and the 
money returns for it—yet it has been largely private 
opinion. Now it is growing into a reform. Nothing 
can permanently stop it whenever the common people 
feel it so that it comes above all else in their minds. 
Every letter for parcels post, every ballot for an ideal, 
every public stand for the right side, is a step along 
the way. 
THE BELLOWS MILK CASE. 
The R. N.-Y. has sent $27.60 to Sniffen K. Bellows 
of Roxbury, N. Y., to aid in the appeal of his milk 
inspection case. This money was sent us by friends 
who are interested. More money is needed to carry 
the case to the Court of Appeals. Mr. Bellows lost 
his barn, with .most of the contents, last Fall. His 
fight against injustice ought to be shared by every 
milk producer in the State. Here is a brief state¬ 
ment of the facts: Mr. Bellows was sending milk 
through the Cold Spring Creamery. On June 22, 1909, 
a New York City milk inspector walked through 
the barn, asked a few questions, and left. On 
October 6, Russell Raynor, Chief of Sanitary In¬ 
spection of the New York Health Board, informed 
Mr. Bellows that unsanitary conditions had been 
found, that another inspection would be made within 
30 days, and if the department rules were still 
being violated, sale of the milk would not be per¬ 
mitted. About November 22 another alleged inspector 
made a hurried visit, doing nothing except pacing off 
the barn. Neither of these “inspectors” made any 
suggestions of improvement. On December 6 Mr. 
Raynor notified the creamery not to ship milk from 
Mr. Bellows’ dairy to New York, under threat of re¬ 
voking the creamery license. On December 9 Mr. 
Bellows wrote asking what he should do, and received 
the customary printed rules and regulations. Then 
came another inspector, and on January 6 Mr. Raynor 
wrote that if Mr. Bellows would have a veterinary 
certify that the cows were health}' the milk would be 
once more accepted. Such certificate was obtained 
and then the milk was accepted. Absolutely nothing 
was done by Mr. Bellows more than had previously 
been done about the premises. When milk was again 
accepted the conditions were just exactly as they were 
when the milk was stopped. No specific complaint 
was made, and no recommendations for improvement 
were received until five days after milk was stopped. 
Mr. Bellows brought suit against Mr. Raynor as Chief 
of Sanitary Inspection, claiming damages for loss dur¬ 
ing the time while his milk was refused. The matter 
of damages was not large, but there was a vital prin¬ 
ciple at stake as to whether the New York Board of 
Health had the right to go into Delaware County and 
treat men in this arbitrary manner. After hearing 
some testimony and rejecting more the trial judge 
practically threw the case out of court on the appar¬ 
ent theory that the Board of Health has the right 
to do as they please in regulating the milk supply. 
An appeal to the Appellate Division received scant 
attention. Now the case must go to the Court of Ap¬ 
peals. Mr. Bellows’ attorney has prepared a strong 
case which we will analyze next week. He shows that 
the Board of Health acted without authority of law 
and illegal exercise of alleged powers. Thus this 
famous “Bellows Milk Case” touches all milk pro¬ 
ducers. They should make common cause for it. 
* 
We get the following note from Niagara County. 
New York: 
About 70 per cent of the farmers in this section were 
taken in by Mr. Whiting, of the Whiting Nursery Co., last 
Fall. The trees were to lie delivered this Spring. Many 
of them have countermanded the orders. If he undertakes 
to deliver the trees, what should the farmers do? 
After the past experience with Mr. Whiting, it 
seems strange that Niagara County fruit growers 
would subject themselves to further annoyance. If 
a grower gives an order in good faith on fair repre¬ 
sentations of the goods, he ought to accept them 
when delivered and pay for them. If the order was 
given relying on representations and statements which 
were not true then the order was secured by deceit 
and fraud, and the grower is under no obligation to 
perform his part of the alleged contract. We do not 
know what Mr. Whiting has represented in these 
cases. We do know what he has represented in 
other cases; and in those cases we did not hesitate 
to say that farmers were, in our judgment abundantly 
justified in cancelling the order, and in refusing to 
accept the trees when tendered, and in refusing to 
allow Mr. Whiting to leave them on the premises. 
Last week we mentioned the possibilities of the 
ocean as a source of power and food. Some of the 
European countries have already been forced to utilize 
ocean wastes. The Chinese make great use of sea¬ 
weed for fertilizing. So do the farmers on the coast 
of Scotland. In Norway large quantities of oil and 
“flour” from herring are being made. At many points 
on the coast of Norway rapid streams come tum¬ 
bling down the hills providing unlimited water power. 
This is utilized in preparing fish. The oil is used as 
a substitute for linseed in making paint and the rest 
of the fish is dried and ground into a “flour” which 
is largely used for stock feeding. This is only one 
way in which the treasures of the ocean are to be 
utilized. 
* 
Those articles of Prof. Price on the German sys¬ 
tem of providing capital for farmers have startled 
many of our readers who are denied such credit or 
tied up in slavery when they make a loan. It seems 
evident that we cannot wait for the Government to 
put land owners on fair equality with bankers. We 
must organize and start such things ourselves. For 
example, take that Potato Exchange in Monmouth 
County, N. J., described this week. These men have 
organized and shown their power to hold together. 
There is no doubt that they could, if it were needed, 
obtain loans through the credit of their organization, 
though they might not be able to do it as individuals. 
Still another method is that followed by the Hebrew 
Free Loan Association, mentioned on page 569. For 
20 years this association has grown until now there 
are 4819 members. They loaned last year $560,025, 
and since they started have loaned $4,723,262. During 
the past year every dollar of their loanable capital was 
used exactly five times. As our correspondent says: 
“If farmers in proportion to their numbers had com¬ 
menced 20 years ago to do what these few Hebreivs 
are doing, ‘high finance' would not have reached such 
heights.” 
* 
Farmers should welcome the discoveries of scientists 
and adapt them to their own uses and to conditions pre¬ 
vailing on their farms. But they should also give close 
attention to their economic and political rights. It will 
not profit the farmer to increase his yield from 40 to GO 
bushels if he gets no more for the GO than he did for the 
40. He must give closer attention to business and busi¬ 
ness principles; to citizenship; he must give more atten¬ 
tion to the choosing of men as representatives in the State 
and National legislatures. 
Who is this new recruit throwing stones at the 
great agricultural idol of “two blades of grass?” 
Arthur Capper, of Kansas, who may be the next Gov¬ 
ernor of that State! Where did he say it? Before 
the seats of the mighty, at the Kansas Agricultural 
College—and it is doubtful if more sensible or needed 
matter was ever taught there. “Fair prices for the 
one blade before we produce two.” That is the new 
agricultural thought. It does not suit the railroad 
men and handlers, or the gentlemen who lend money 
at big interest, but if the farmers of this country are 
in business to please these various interests before 
they please their own families, we want to know it. 
If affairs have got to the point where we cannot get 
35 cents more without handing the middleman 65 
Jet us know that, too. 
BREVITIES. 
Tell us how Alfalfa behaves in the silo. 
A new use for the Soy bean—making “artificial rubber.” 
Oranges in China sell at 44 cents for a basket holding 
175 fruit! 
In the last two years American farmers have invested 
$8,500,000 in western Canada lands. 
The- town of Lauscha, Germany, makes a specialty of 
the manufacture of glass eyes, producing 150,000 last year. 
Now then, some of you good people who have told us 
to sow rape as hog feed—tell us why these hogs (page 560) 
would not eat it? 
We still hear from men who claim they can feed fat 
into milk. Will one of them give an exhibition of making 
a»Holstein give Jersey milk? 
In the year ending January 31, 1912, 51G.361 tons of 
hay were exported from Canada to this country, nearly 
70 per cent of it from Quebec Province. 
Farmers’ Bulletin 3S2. issued in 1909, “The Adultera¬ 
tion of Forage Plant Seeds.” is seasonable literature that 
will repay study at the seed-buying period. 
There has been some little discussion about cod sounds. 
A Cape Cod man assures us that such sounds are the 
lungs. That is certainly an appropriate name. 
A West Virginia correspondent says: “Sheep are not 
as high as cattle on account of dogs.” We like dogs, but 
see more economic value in wool and mutton. 
A cement irrigation flume on the Canadian Pacific Rail¬ 
road will be 2% miles long, 16 feet wide and 10 feet deep. 
This is an age of cement. What will the next one be? 
A man likes to have his family live as well as his neigh¬ 
bors do. There comes much of the ^damage when wealthy 
men take farms in country neighborhoods and start in to 
“show these old farmers how.” 
