6C1-3: 
N. Y. Exchange price $1.71 per 40- 
quart can, netting 3% cents to shippers in 
2G-ccnt freight zone who have no additional 
station charges. 
“ADULTERATED BUTTER.” 
Referring to the enclosed clipping from 
the Louisville Courier-Journal, 1 had un¬ 
derstood that the Revenue Office had ruled 
that as long as a farmer’s butter had not 
been mixed with other butter and its iden¬ 
tity lost, it would not be analyzed. Where 
cream is churned at 58 degrees and worked 
until the salt is thoroughly incorporated, 
is there danger of having too much mois¬ 
ture? H - 
The clipping states that 13 Kentucky 
farmers were lined $12,000 for adulteration 
of butter. Through their lawyer these 
farmers asked for pardon and secured a 
30-day extension: 
“The Government charges that the butter 
made by these farmers and offered for 
sale in Covington and Newport contained 
more than the 16 per cent moisture maxi¬ 
mum fixed by law, and therefore puts them 
on the status of unlicensed peddlers of 
oleomargarine. These farmers churn their 
own butter and take it to town. There a 
Government inspector takes samples and 
analyzes them.” 
Our representative interviewed the Com¬ 
missioner of Internal Revenue, Mr. Cabell, 
at Washington, and gives this report: 
“I showed him the clipping and he said 
the cgse was correctly stated except that 
GO days instead of SO days had been allowed 
for the accused parties to file evidence 
showing reasons why the fines should not 
be paid. Thus the case is not settled yet. 
The courts have decided that 16 per cent 
or more of moisture or water makes the 
butter adulterated. Butter containing 16 
per cent or more of water may be sold by 
farmers who sell their surplus above the 
home use when butter-making in merely 
part of their farm operations, and that 
storekeepers can sell this butter without 
violation of law. However, when a farmer 
makes a business of dairying, it being his 
principal occupation, if any of his but¬ 
ter exceeds the 16 per cent limit of mois¬ 
ture he is liable to the tax of a manufac¬ 
turer of adulterated butter, which is $600 
per year. In the eyes of the law the farmer 
is a" manufacturer if dairying is his main 
business. The dealer selling his product is 
liable also in the sum of $480 a year if a 
wholesaler (one selling in amounts of 10 
pounds or more), or $48 a year if a retailer 
(one selling in amounts of less than 10- 
pound packages). Some of these Kentucky 
farmers have as many as 60 cows, it seems, 
“About 13 per cent of water is the aver¬ 
age for butter, the Government finds, and 
the navy contracts for all its butter at that 
limit. It would seem that three per cent 
was a liberal margin to allow, but with the 
very high prices of butter and the strong 
competition in the business probably most 
creameries and dairy farmers get as close 
to the 16 per cent limit as possible, and 
will sometimes get caught. The law was 
supposed to apply primarily to the large 
creameries, but like many other laws, ap¬ 
plies where not expected. In the case of 
this law it is the small creameries and 
dairy farmers that are the only ones to feel 
the effects of the law. The large creamery 
can skate close to the 16 per cent "line, 
and if caught pay its fine, while if a small 
creamery or dairyman gets caught the fine 
puts him clear out of business. Probably 
this is what the large creameries intended 
the law would do. The Commissioner has 
recommended to Congress that the tax be 
placed at $60 per year instead of $600, 
and that an intention to evade the law 
be punishable by heavy fines. This will 
give the small creamery and the farmer a 
fair deal. Also, it would relieve the dealer 
in butter from the danger in which he is 
placed under the law to-day. It is also 
recommended by the Commissioner that the 
16 per cent limit be a butter fat limit. 
For example, a sample of butter may show 
only 15 per cent moisture, 78 per cent but¬ 
ter "fat, six per cent curd, one per cent salt, 
and be legal butter, while another sample 
may show 83 per cent butter fat, no curd, 
one-half per cent salt, and 16% per cent 
water; the latter may be a much better 
butter, because butter fat is what the con¬ 
sumer desires. 
“It is proper that there should be a 
limit of water in butter, for butter, or so- 
called butter, may contain as much as 65 
per cent of water if the churning process 
is done at a low temperature and the pro¬ 
duct is kept cold. Of course when warmed 
up it loses its water. 
“While discussing butter it may be of 
Interest to say something about oleomar- 
gerine. and the Commissioner’s recom¬ 
mendations along that line. Butter and 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
April 27, 
oleo are often mixed in the proportion ot 
one-third butter and two-thirds oleo, and 
sold as butter, but this fraud is easily de¬ 
tected by the Government. Not so the 
frauds in oleo. During the last year the 
tax on colored oleo was $284,000 from col¬ 
ored oleo, and $286,000 from uncolored 
oleo. The tax on the colored oleo is 10 
cents per pound, while the tax on the un¬ 
colored is only one-fourth of one cent, one- 
fortieth that on colored oleo. In practice 
about 40 times as much uncolored oleo is 
sold as of the colored. The storekeeper 
buys principally uncolored oleo and when 
his 60-pound tub of colored oleo is partly 
used he takes his tub of uncolored oleo 
and colors it by some butter color, puts 
it in his colored oleo tub and sells it for, 
colored oleo at the 9% cents advance, or 
better yet, calls it real butter and sells 
what he buys at 15 cents for 40 cents. 
The Government has seen this done, but is 
powerless to prevent the practice as the 
law now stands. Thus the law fails to 
protect the farmer; it allows a cheat to 
the consumer, and it makes frauds of 
thousands of storekeepers, and the Govern- 
ment gets very little in the way of revenue. 
There are also peanut oil and other ex¬ 
tracts which are now used in coloring oleo 
which make it look like genuine butter 
and these being natural colorings while 
the law takes a view only of artificial col¬ 
orings. allow another field of fraud in but¬ 
ter substitutes. 
“The Commissioner recommends legisla¬ 
tion to cover this latest fraud, and also 
a uniform tax on both colored and uneol- 
orod oleo. with provisions that oleo shall 
be sold onlv in small and original packages, 
“cry one 'at which shall bear the Govern¬ 
ment stamp.” F * N - CIjARK ’ 
Cows are selling at auction from $30 to 
$50 a head; horses from $75 ^ 5200 , ac 
cording to age and soundness. Oats, ' ,0 
60 cents a bushel; potatoes, 90 cents to 
$1.10 per bushel. No silage or manure sold. 
Milk is made up by the hundred at chee. e 
factories and creameries; our factory here 
has not started up yet. F - p> 
Bennington, Vt. 
The following is a fair estimate of what 
farmers are obtaining for their produce. 
cows of fair quality, grades, $50 to $60 (a 
tendency to increase) ; oxen, per pair, $110 
to $2001 No sheep kept in our town. Farm 
horses of good quality, per pair, $400. Hay, 
best, $28 a ton; no silage or manure sold. 
Eggs, 25 cents per dozen; butter, 38 cents 
per pound; potatoes, $1.50 per bushel, 
apples, good, $4 per barrel. Farmers r J* 
ceive on an average about five cents a 
quart for milk; dealers in Hartford sell to 
their patrons for nine cents and 10 cents 
a quart. s - M - A ‘ 
Tolland Co., Conn. 
Hay is selling for $25 to $30 per ton at 
auction sales, and corn from 85 cents to 
SI per bushel. Cattle from $50 to $7o per 
head. Manure is bought by farmers for 
$1.75 to $2 per ton; it is shipped here 
from the cities in cars. Milkmen deliver 
milk in town for five cents wholesale, and 
seven cents per quart retail. Wheat and 
rye grain is bringing 90 cents per bushel 
each; unthrashed rye, $17 per ton; no oats 
grown in this neighborhood. Potatoes, $1.2o 
to $1.50 a bushel; farmers are paying from 
$150 to $200 per head for work horses. 
Mules are also high and bring big prices at 
auction sales. 'There is no silage sold here. 
Hightstown, N. J. w. C. 
Hay, $25 to $32 per ton ; straw, $12 to 
$14 per ton; very little silage is sold 
around here. If any, it is where the owner 
has sold or rented his place, and then al¬ 
ways to the man who moves on to the place. 
Silage spoils so quickly after taken from 
the silo that it cannot very well be moved; 
it is usuallv lumped off, figuring from $4 
to $6 per ton. Oats, 85 cents per bushel; 
buckwheat, $1.50 per 100; horses, $250 
to $300 apiece ; native cows, $40 to $60. I 
went to an auction near here of registered 
Holsteins, or nearly all could be registered, 
which brought from $60 to $125 per head. 
Hay and grain is so high cattle are not as 
plentiful around here as they were one year 
ago. No manure sold from farm; from 
village for 50 cents per load. The manure 
made on the farm is always left on the 
farm; no manure sold at auction. Milk at 
the condensing factory for the month of 
April is bringing $1.30 per 100; March, 
$1.40; February, $1.70; January, $1.80. 
Milk shipped to Buffalo brings 14 cents per 
gallon. Creameries are paying from 32 to 
35 cents for butter fat and skim-milk back; 
they have paid as high as 38 cents this 
Winter. Switzer factories are paying for 
the month of April $1.25 per 100 ; May and 
June, $1.10 per 100; July and August, 
$1.20; September, $1.30; October, $1.35. 
Farms are bringing from $100 to $150 per 
acre, and a good many farms around here 
have changed hands. c. f, e. 
Attica, N. Y. 
The Milking Machine 
—that produces pressure by suction on teats gently 
and gradually —like hand milking. 
—that always releases pressure or suction entirely like 
hand milking. 
—that allows natural circulation of blood through 
teats —like hand milking. 
—that increases flow of milk because the HlNMAN is 
more thorough than hand milking. = 
This natural machine milking is due to the Broken Vacuum Principle. 
It is the reason for the wide spread success of 
THE HlNMAN MILKER 
You are losing Time, Labor, Flow of Milk and Money 
if you are milking 4 to 400 cows in any other way. 
The Hinman Milker is not expensive in the first place, 
and it soon pays for itself. The power required to 
run the machine can be used to do other work. 
-The Hinman Machine Milks His Valuable Columbian Cattle- 
Hinman Milking Machine Co. Mt. Vision, N. Y. 
Oneida, N. Y. March 11, 1912 
Dear dairy Js m nidn g the best they ever did after 3 full years of machine milking. I 
have joined a cow testing association so will know how they compare with my neighbors. 
Yours truly, FRANK L. GREGORY 
Over 3 Years' Standing—A Thousand in Operation 
Our agent. Mr. Elba D. Dye, Edmeston, 
N. Y., has sold 126 machines since 
March, 1909, in Otsego Co. alone. 
Our New England Agents sold 
over 100 machines during the 
month of March 1912. 
Yea cannot afford to go through another busy summer with¬ 
out the Hinman. Write us now and get onr expert attention. 
Catalog and Information Free 
Active Agents Wanted —Limited Territory Open 
Hinman Milking Machine Co. 
Dept. 12 Oneida, N. Y. 
ARE YOU GOING TO BUILD 
A HOUSE, BARN, HOG PEN or SILO 1 
Make your own Cement Blocks in a 
**Nuroch” Cement Block Machine 
4 limited number will be sold at ONE-HALF 
former prices. Address 
GLOBE FENCE CO.Delevan, N. Y. 
win? Owl Brand Cotton Seed Meal 
41 per cent Protein Minimum. 
Feed a balanced ration. Animals need protein. 
Get our free booklet, “Science of Feeding.” 
F. W. BKODE & CO.Memphis, Tenn. 
Davenport Roller Bearing Steel Wagons 
. • • ____C.iam >n/\lra ia 
Buy Youi Wagon One* For All 
There is a wagon made that is stronger, more durable 1 and 
ol lighter dealt -than any other This wagon is 
Built Like a Bridge 
Entirely ol steel 1-Beams, Channels and Angles, solidly held 
together with large steel rivets, put in hot under great pressure. 
Like the steel railway bridge, it is 
constructed for hardest lifetime ser¬ 
vice. Strong and durable. 
Each front gear and each rear gear 
is practically one solid piece that 
cannot come loose or apart. 
Steel Wheels 
This wagon has steel wheels that 
are trussed and made with a tension. 
That roller bearini 
the various styles, tl 
The Roller EksriPf 
the strongest known wheel construction Every spoke is 
staggered and forged hot into the tire. 
Regardless as to whether the spoke is at the top, side or 
bottom of the wheel, it always carries its share of the load. 
Roller Bearings 
» reduce draft is generally conceded. Ol 
ie straight roller nearing is the simplest 
and most successful. 
For this wagon the straight roller 
bearing is especially adapted. 
The spindles and hubs are straight, 
Consequently, as this wagon is 
equippM with straight roller bearings 
it is of light draft. 
A little book we‘11 be pleased to 
send free, tells of a good many more 
superior features this wagon has. 
Be sure to tell us whether you want your copy of "Better Farm Implements and How to Use Them" and tn order to 
yet the "Wagon Book " containing full information regarding the above described u’Ogon, ask for rootage e. it 
JOHN DEERE PLOW COMPANY, MOLINE, ILLINOIS 
tw 
The best of all dairy investments 
Save $10. to $15. per cow every year 
The De Laval Separator Co. 
NEW YORK CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO 
SEATTLE MONTREAL WINNIPEG 
