6 SO 
T' H Lv RURA1) NEW-YORKER 
WHAT IS THOROUGH SPRAYING ? 
It. 8. B., Harrisville, IF. Va .—I notice 
quite a lot of spraying done and after a 
tree is finished you would not know from 
the appearance of the tree that any spray 
had been applied. Should a tree sprayed 
with Bordeaux show the color of the ma¬ 
terial applied, on the foliage? Take for 
example a tree with a diameter of 20 feet, 
height the same, how much Bordeaux mix¬ 
ture should be applied? Judge Biggie says 
a ‘'thorough spraying.” What is a thor¬ 
ough spraying? 
Ans. —Whether a tree sprayed with 
Bordeaux should show the material on 
the foliage would depend largely on the 
strength of mixture (or at least how 
far from the tree it would be notice¬ 
able), and also, to some extent, on what 
form of arsenical poison is used. A 
4-4-50 formula with three pounds arsen¬ 
ate of lead paste should be very con¬ 
spicuous. On the other hand, even 
stronger mixtures where Paris green is 
used, or lime-sulphur and arsenate of 
lead, it will not show so much, especially 
from a little distance. As to how much 
spray for a tree 20 feet high, and the 
same in diameter, I have never meas¬ 
ured it for a tree just that size, but 
would say, because of having measured 
mixture for trees of many sizes, from 
eight to 12 gallons. When it comes tP a 
thorough application, there we have 
something more definite. Technically, 
a thorough spraying is when every part 
of the tree holds a thin film of the 
mixture. Practically it depends some¬ 
what on what one is spraying for. If 
for apple scab, then because this fungus 
is most injurious when it attacks the 
surface of the apple or stem, a thorough 
spraying would mean keeping these cov¬ 
ered or protected; then when a suffi¬ 
cient percentage of these were so cov¬ 
ered one would have a good application. 
Of course this fungus also attacks the 
foliage, but by the time the buds and 
stems or small fruits and stems are 
well covered, the foliage will have been 
taken care of. If spraying for Codling 
moth, the essential thing at the first ap¬ 
plication is to see that a satisfactory 
number of the small apples contain 
some of the poison mixture in the cup, 
or on the calyx lobes, before the calyx 
closes. Unless this is so the larvae can 
enter through the calyx without com¬ 
ing in contact with the poison, no mat¬ 
ter how well the rest of the tree may 
have been covered. In this spraying 
as in the dormant spraying we have as 
a rule paid too little attention to a 
proper application, for unlike our dor¬ 
mant sprays we have not had the too 
weak solutions to contend with, as I be¬ 
lieve it has been proved that nearly if 
not all our fungicides have been strong 
enough. In fact some of our best 
pathologists claim as good results would 
be had at one-half the strengths now 
generally used. The thing we have to 
realize is, however, that regardless of 
strength of mixture, we get protection 
only to such parts of the trees as we 
cover. One of the best rules to follow 
in spraying, and one of the things essen¬ 
tial to success, is to make frequent ex¬ 
aminations of parts of the trees, to see 
if a proper percentage of the essential 
parts are getting the application. If 
they are not, it matters not how much 
the mixture shows on the trees; you are 
not doing what would be called by good 
judges a thorough spraying. 
WM. HOTALING. 
Seeding to Grass. 
F. IF. J., Ansonia, Conn .—Last Fall we 
sowed a piece to grass seed, but not being 
in time the heavy rains of the late Winter 
have washed much of it away. We are 
considering reseeding. One suggests oats 
and grass seed, another sweet corn, getting 
the crop off in time, to sow the grass seed 
at the proper time. Some say oats and 
grass seed can. be sowed any time, while an¬ 
other says his experience has taught him 
as good results cannot be obtained with 
Spring sowing as the Fall. The land has 
been worked for several years but never 
heavily fertilized. What would you advise 
in the present condition of things? Also, 
what is best to top-dress a piece of grass, 
which lias been sown several years and 
seems to be running out. 
Ans. —It depends somewhat upon the 
sort of crop you want this year. We 
should not seed in Spring to grass. Fall 
is the natural seeding time in your lati¬ 
tude. i Our own choice for this year’s 
crop is oats and Canada peas—because 
we need the forage. Get this crop in 
at once. We have often told how to 
do it. Cut it in early July, plow up the 
stubble and work it over and over dur¬ 
ing July and August until the soil is 
fine and level. The chances are that a 
ton of burnt lime will help. Seed to 
Timothy and Red-top early in Septem¬ 
ber and add clover seed the next Spring. 
This would pay us better than seeding 
oats alone or planting corn or potatoes. 
Use one of the ready-mixed top-dress¬ 
ers or a mixture of one part nitrate of 
soda, three parts acid phosphate and one 
part muriate of potash. 
Nitrate of Soda and Stock. 
C. C. It., Leonia, N. J .—I thought of 
sowing nitrate of soda on a piece of grass 
that joins up to my chicken house. I 
have been told it will kill poultry if they 
eat it. Is this so or not? 
Ans. —We have received several re¬ 
ports of poisoning from nitrate of soda 
eaten or licked up by stock. They are 
not common among large stock. In the 
case of hens there might be danger if 
the nitrate were spread in coarse lumps 
or small pebbles in a dry time. The hens 
could pick the pebbles up and might do 
so. We have had men throw the ni¬ 
trate out carelessly—not trying to crush 
it fine. In a dry time it would remain 
on the surface some days. In time of 
rain the nitrate would be quickly melted 
and washed into the soil and off the 
grass. One way to use nitrate and other 
soluble fertilizers is to dissolve them in 
water and sprinkle this over sifted coal 
ashes. Then spread the dried ashes, 
which will carry the nitrate to the soil. 
You can do this or keep the hens away 
from the grass until after a good rain. 
Price of New Variety. 
What would be a fair price to charge a 
nurseryman for a new and very valuab 1 " 
variety of grape which he is to introduc . 
L. K. 
There is no standard to judge the value 
of such novelties. They have been sold for 
$50 up to $2500. The It. N.-Y. No. 2 po¬ 
tato changed the culture of potatoes in 
many sections, yet Mr. E. S. Carman re¬ 
ceived only $200 for the original stock. It 
all depends on the special commercial value 
of th<‘ novelty itself and the amount of 
available stock the originator has to offer. 
The latter is an important factor with 
most nurserymen and introducers, as they 
do not fancy the delay incident to working 
up a salable stock of plants or seeds from 
a few individuals in the hands of the orig¬ 
inator. At a rough guess we would say a 
good new grape should net the originator 
$100 to $250. A royalty of three to five 
cents a vine on actual sales for the first 
five years would be worth considering. 
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rr mi I I -U t 0 care for the home of an elderly 
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105 East 22d Street New York City 
DO YOU NEED FARM HELP? 
The Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid So¬ 
ciety has on its lists men wishing to obtain em¬ 
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experience. They are able-bodied and willing to 
work. If you can make use of such help, please 
communicate with us, stating what wages you will 
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immigrants to become fanners. We charge no 
commission to employer or employee. Address 
FARM LABOR BUREAU, 178 Second Avenue, New York City. 
SAVE HALF Your 
Paint Bills 
By using INGERSOLL PAINT — proved 
best by 66 years’ use. It will please you. 
Only Paint endorsed by the “Grange." 
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DELIVERED FREE. 
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0. W. Ingersoll, 246 Plymouth St., Brooklyn, N.Y. 
M ONEY-MAKING FARMS—Splendid assortment, size 
and price. Some must be sold at big sacrifice. 
Some with stock, crops and tools included, for 
quick sale. Descriptive catalogue free. 
BURRIS, Robinson Building, Elmira, N. Y. 
r SELL GOOD FARMS in Oceana, greatest fruit Co. 
in U.S.: also grain, potatoes, alfalfa, dairying. 
Write for list, etc. HANSON & SON, Hart, Mich. 
FflR ^Al F New York State Dairy Farms. Largo 
rUn OnLL list ready to mail to prospective 
buyers. OGDEN'S AGENCY, WALTON, N. Y. 
7 ^ _ /I FOR SALE, near Salis* 
" tS * Him bury. Good dwelling 
and fruit. Price $1,600. For full particulars write 
SAMUEL P. WOODCOCK. Salisbury, Maryland. 
FOR SALE-FARM of 175 ACRES 
Lays level and rolling; well watered; two honses 
in fair shape; four barns, 40x66, 40x50, 26x28; silo, 
12x28; half-mile to cheese factory, church, store. 
1,000 cords of wood; timber reserved. Price $3,500. 
FRED W. PERRY, Cameron Mills. N. Y. 
May 4, 
Do You Want This Good Rargain ? 
Farm of 49 acres, six-room house, barn, running 
water to yard; fruit; one mile from school, three 
miles from markets and railroad town. Price 
$1,100, part cash. HALL’S FARM AGENCY, 
Qwego, Tioga County, New York. _ 
REST 500-ACRE FARM in the United States. 
Buildings cost $25,000; will sell for $20,000. Any¬ 
one wanting a first-class farm home, here is a real 
bargain. If you care to come and examine prop¬ 
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satisfaction, I will pay yonr fare here and return. 
No brokers, B, L, HURD, Wliallonsburp, Essex Co., N, Y. 
New York Home Farms 
Improved and for sale by us at low prices and on 
easv terms. For specimen list, address or call upon 
B. F. MeBURNEY & CO., Room 309, Bastable Blk., 
Syracuse, N. Y., or 703 Fisher Bldg,, Chicago, Ill, 
r;niJ CAT T?—Fine farm on the West Shore 
xLHv Railroad, Greene County; 
convenient to railroad station: 135 acres;, consid¬ 
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OKIN Q. FLINT. Athens, N, Y. 
r nf < C a Jp Several York State river and creek 
F t/r farms at bargain prices; elegant lo¬ 
cation. The Billings Farm Agency, Apalachin, N.Y. 
PARMQ Circular free. Dept. 151, I.elnndg’ 
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W ANTE0-A situation as manager of a farm or 
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Beautifully illustrated booklet 
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DELAWARE 
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catalog an/sample Automatic Awl Co., 335 Gardner Terrace, Worcester, Mass. 
American Steel 
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Get Catalog. 
nPHE Fence adds value to 
the farm. Keep fences in 
order and the house painted. 
It indicates prosperity. 
Here’s an instance: Not long 
ago a little farm with shabby 
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sold for a song. The new owner 
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The cost of painting and fencing was less than 
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