040 
THE RUK.-A.I_. NEW-YORKER 
May 2.'i, 
FARMERS' CLUB 
[ Every query must he accompanied by th9 
name and address of the writer to insure 
attention. Before asking a question, please see 
whether it is not answered in our advertising 
columns. Ask only a few questions at one time. 
Put questions on a separate piece of paper.) 
THE USE OF FISH AS MANURE 
W. J. M., Providence, It. J .—What is the 
chemical value of fish (herring) as a fer¬ 
tilizer? What other chemicals are needed 
to put on the soil (clay loam) to .make a 
good fertilizer for corn, oats, etc.? Would 
they be better put on in the Fall and 
plowed under, or made in a compost and 
applied when crop is put in? What is the 
value of seaweed under the same condi¬ 
tions? Would it be better to be applied 
green or piled up and well rotted before 
application? I have noticed that where 
herring was applied, the first year there 
would be an immense crop. Oats and 
Timothy hay would grow to a great height, 
but the stalks would be very coarse; the 
next year even with another application 
of fish the crop would not be near the 
same, as though the fertility was forced 
out of the soil, or (more likely) too much 
of one thing was applied. 
Ans.— Fish contains nitrogen and 
phosphoric acid but no potash. There 
would probably be about live per cent 
of nitrogen and eight per cent phos¬ 
phoric acid in such fish as you could 
get. In order to make a balanced fer¬ 
tilizer out of them you should use pot¬ 
ash—300 pounds muriate of potash to a 
ton of such fish would answer. When 
the fish are plowed directly into the 
ground they are apt to sour it. We 
would rather compost them with man¬ 
ure or muck or rich soil until they are 
well broken up. The fish can be well 
dusted with land plaster. This will dry 
them somewhat and make them less 
offensive to handle, but thorough com¬ 
posting in a pile of manure, sods or 
other waste, with the potash added, will 
fit them well. The experience you men¬ 
tion is not uncommon on the lighter 
soils along the ocean. These soils are 
quite deficient in potash. The active 
nitrogen in the fish acted like a whip 
upon the soil, and the crop used about 
all the potash that was available. The 
next crop could not grow properly be¬ 
cause there was no potash for it to use, 
since the fish did not furnish any. 
SOUTHERN OHIO NOTES. 
Fruit prospects were never better here 
in Lawrence County, with the exception of 
cherries, which promise only about a fourth 
crop, as some of the buds were winter¬ 
killed. Still they bloomed, and many that 
seemed alive when blooming failed to de¬ 
velop fruits that set. Peaches generally 
are full on the hills, and have set well, 
and the husk is off. They have been 
sprayed with self-boiled lime-sulphur and 
arsenate of lead to prevent injury from 
the curculio and check fungus diseases. 
Pears bloomed fuller than I ever saw them, 
but on sandy land there is complaint of 
them falling and nothing setting; on clay 
there is a good stand set. Plums are en¬ 
tirely too full. Early apples were full of 
bloom and have set well; they are good size 
and the calyx has closed up. so if any have 
not been sprayed yet they stand a good 
show of being wormy. The late blooming 
apples were full too ; the bloom is off now, 
and most of them seem to nave a good set 
of fruit. The weather was fair most of 
the time when they were in bloom, but it 
has rained now for four days, so it has 
not been favorable for spraying, and for 
the last 24 hours it has rained nearly all 
the time, although the prediction was for 
fair weather to-day. This is good weather 
to spread apple scab, and if the first spray¬ 
ing after the bloom drops is not completed 
in a few days the injury may amount to a 
large part of the crop. Some people are 
using tlie lime-sulphur and arsenate of lead 
and others depend on the Bordeaux for the 
Rome Beauty. There are fewer apple trees 
without bloom than I ever saw here, and a 
better bloom on all young trees than com¬ 
mon. The drought probably checked the 
growth last Summer and caused fruits buds 
to set. 
Our fruit growers’ association bought a 
car of fertilizer to be used mainly on apples : 
the results of tests by the Ohio Experiment 
Station in other parts of the State seem to 
justify us in trying it. This is a good time to 
apply it on sod while it is wet and drizzling 
rain, although it is bad on the workmen. 
Nitrate of soda and acid phosphate are 
mainly used about half and half, five to 10 
pounds per tree, depending on the size of 
the trees, and on sandy soil some muriate 
of. potash is added. There is said to be 
enough potash in most of our clay soils, but 
they are lacking in nitrogen and phos¬ 
phorus. It is expected that the trees will 
turn from a pale color to dark green in a 
few weeks. It is expected also that the trees 
will form fruit buds the coming Summer 
for a crop the following year, but without 
the application of fertilizer now they may 
not have a crop next year. 
Dynamite has been used to set new or¬ 
chards. and some tests made on old trees 
to see if they will be rejuvenated by shoot¬ 
ing part of a stick in holes about two and 
a "half feet deep and 10 feet away from 
the trees on four sides. Which is better to 
revive them, dynamite or fertilizer, or both? 
How is the problem of the country 
churches being solved in other places?" 
Some of them here are uniting in a group, 
and hope to get a strong man to live in 
the community of some of them, so he can 
get around among them and be a teacher 
of the gospel in person as well as in tin' 
pulpit. It has been that each church 
among the Baptists selects its own pastor, 
but our country churches here are not 
strong enough to support a man and have 
services every Sabbath, most of them hav¬ 
ing services every four weeks only, some 
of them every two weeks, but by having a 
strong man to take charge of a group of 
two to four churches as near together as 
possible, they can support him for full time 
and make more progress than formerly. It 
is a shame how many people on our farms 
are staying at home from the Bible school 
and church, and if something is not done 
to get them revived we may be as neglect¬ 
ful of church help as so many in the cities. 
Lawrence Co.. O. u. t. cox. 
FARM AND GARDEN STORIES. 
Treatment of Privet Cuttings. 
I have about 200 small, thin straight 
cuttings of privet (pencil size) which came 
to me tied in bundles, wrapped in damp 
moss, and a strong suggestion of having 
been very recently removed from a bed of 
sand. Most of these cuttings were sprout¬ 
ing at each of the bud nodes, yet not a 
sign of a rootlet upon any of them. I de¬ 
sire to know how I ought to treat these 
cuttings so as to make them serve me for 
a live hedge. Can these cuttings be safely 
set out in the place where they are in¬ 
tended to remain permanently as they are 
at the present without any roots, or must 
they be set out in the ground temporarily 
to form the root system and then be trans¬ 
ferred ? c. V. 
Cliftondale, Mass. 
You have evidently received Fall-made 
privet cuttings, which have been buried in 
sand 'over water. This is the customary 
manner of storing them, and they should 
be set in the ground without delay. They 
are ordinarily set before growth starts, in 
rich mellow ground, four inches apart, the 
rows eight inches asunder. They are in¬ 
serted nearly full length, leaving the top 
buds exposed, (live clean cultivation dur¬ 
ing the Summer. When the shoots are 
about three inches long, pinch them back, 
to induce bushier growth, and repeat this 
about every three weeks during the Sum¬ 
mer. This should give good stock for 
permanent planting next Spring. 
Cabbage Maggot; Rose-bug on Grapes. 
1. Is there any remedy for the cabbage 
maggot? They attack the roots of early 
cabbage and cauliflower so that it is al¬ 
most impossible to grow them. 2. What 
can be done to prevent the rose-bug from 
eating all of the grape blossoms? 
Southampton, N. Y. l. f. s. 
1. This maggot is very troublesome to 
early cabbage and cauliflower, the eggs 
being laid on the ground soon after the 
plants are set out. A variety of remedies 
have been tried ; among them is a disk of 
tarred paper cut so it can be put to en¬ 
circle the stem, lying flat on the ground; 
this prevents the parent fly from laying its 
egg near the plant. Ground tobacco, soot, 
ashes or plaster put around the base of the 
plant have some value. Bisulphide of car¬ 
bon, injected below the root system, kills 
the insects without injuring the plant; an 
injector is made for this purpose. Carbolic 
acid emulsion (one pint crude carbolic 
acid, one pound hard soap dissolved in one 
gallon of boiling water, the whole emulsi¬ 
fied with a force pump) diluted with 30 
times its bulk of water, is useful, one-half 
pint being poured around the base of the 
infested plant. Kerosene emulsion may be 
used in the same way, one-half pound hard 
soap, shaved fine and dissolved in one gal¬ 
lon boiling water, two gallons warm kero¬ 
sene, churned with a force pump until well 
mixed. Dilute with 12 times its bulk of 
water when used. 
2. Send to the Geneva. N. Y.. Experi¬ 
ment Station for their bulletin on vine¬ 
yard pests ; they have been testing arsenate 
of lead combined with glucose in a spray 
for the control of the rose-bug witli fair 
success. We do not recall the proportions 
used. The ordinary proportion used 
against elm leaf-beetle, etc., is four ounces 
arsenate of soda and 11 ounces acetate of 
lead, mixed with 100 gallons of water; 
in vineyard use this is sweetened with glu¬ 
cose, which makes it more palatable to the 
insects, and also causes it to stick better. 
Distance to Plant Lima Beans. 
In planting Lima beans, how many vines 
should be left in a hill, and how far apart 
should each hill be? I had thought of 
planting them in rows three feet apart and 
hills two feet apart in the row with three 
vines to a hill. Do you think this is too 
close ? H. N 
Hannibal, O. 
The distance apart each way would be 
all right for bush Limas. Pole Limas 
should be planted four feet apart each way, 
either to three to four plants to the hill. 
_ _ K. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a 
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
Baskets 
<?> 
v Berry 
Baskets 
^ \X 1 All Sizes 
V7 Peach Baskets 
All Sizes 
Best Quality Goods 
Factory Prices 
Berry, Peach and 
Grape Crates, etc. 
ORDER EARLY AND SAVE MONEY 
Write for Illustrated Catalog 
Coles & Company 
109 and 111 Warren Street 
Established 1884 New York 
There are many kinds of Portland Cement. There 
is only one kind of “Atlas”—the best. It’s a cement 
that’s all cement—a cement made of genuine cement 
rock—a cement without impurities—a cement of 
absolutely uniform quality. 
Others say “as good as Atlas.” But the Govern¬ 
ment said “Atlas,” and is using 5,000,000 barrels 
of Atlas on the Panama Canal. Remember this in 
buying for farm use. You cannot get ‘ 4 Atlas’ ’ quality 
under another name and you cannot get the best 
results unless you use the best cement. 
“Concrete Construction About the Home and on the Farm” 
Our free book for farmers 
Get it. Read it. Follow it. And you cannot go wrong. 
If your dealer cannot supply you with Atlas, write to 
THE ATLAS PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY, DEPT.22, 30 BROAD ST., NEW YORK 
Largest productive capacity of any cement company in the world. Over 50,000 barrels per day 
Farrell’s 
Improved 
Kay 
Unloader 
This hoist 
has advant¬ 
ages found 
in no other. 
what every up-to-date farm needs. Operated by 
steam or gasoline engine. Write for full information and 
price. JOHN FARRELL, Newton, New Jersey. 
GASOLINE ENGINES 
The above picture shows our Combined Engine 
and Pump, and is one of the many types of outfits 
shown in our catalog. You need, right on your farm, one of our 
engines, as it will save you much hard work and earn you money, 
you can use the above outfit also for spraying, and then have the 
engine for any other work. Write us today, tell us what you want 
to do with an engine and get prices, and also the FIRST buyer 
in each locality gets a special price. Do it now, write us today. 
W aterloo Engine W orks, 137 Liberty St., N. Y .City 
"FULLY GUARANTEED" 
ALFALFA ON YOUR 
A WW 
20 acres means at least sixty tons of Iced equal to a 
full grain ration—or $1,000 clear profit if sold in the 
market. Worth while isn’t it. Write us today and 
let us tell you how, when and where to plant this 
Kreat forage crop, so it will be a permanent success 
ou your farm. Enrich your corn land this year by 
planting between the rows or in the hills. 
COW PEAS—CLOVER—SOY BEANS 
INOCULATED WITH ^_ 
FARMOGERM + 
SEED AND SOIL INOCULATION 
Send for Free Book No. 11 
IT GIVES VALUABLE INFORMATION 
EARP-THOMAS FARMOGERM CO.. Bloomfield, New Jersey 
[ 
SEED AND SOIL TESTING OUTFIT COMPLETE, $2 
l 
CU/CCT POTATO PLANTS, S2.00 PER 1,000, price list 
OTYCCi rUIAlU free. W. S. Ford & Son, Hartly, Del. 
“BLACK’S QUALITY” 
FRUIT TREES 
NONE BETTER 
None Give Better Returns when They Fruit 
Buy Direct From the IVursery 
and save agent’s discounts and middleman’s 
profits. When you buy our trees you get a 
Dollar’s Worth of Trees 
for every one hundred cents you remit to us- 
PERCH and APPLE TREES 
a specialty. CATALOGUE FREE 
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO. 
HIGHTSTOWN. N. J. 
100,000 Fruit Trees 
• APPLES, PEARS, PEACHES <fc 
P L U M S at wholesale prices. 
All Stock Government inspected. Stock budded 
from bearing trees. 
Write today for our Free Catalogue. 
ONTARIO NURSERY CO. 
Box Jfo. 21 Geneva, N. Y. 
WEEDLESS ALFALFA 
is wliat we are trying to sell our customers. FREE 
sample will show you that we come pretty nea' 
doing this. All other field seeds; also Field and 
Cow Peas. Soy Beans, Vetch. Rape, etc. 
0. M. SCOTT & SON, 100 Main Street, Marysville, Ohio 
CftR CA| C- SWEET POTATO PLANTS and VEGETABLE 
■ Un OHLC PLANTS by the millions. Send for 
Price. MICHAEL N. BORGO, Vineland, N. J 
N EW ERA COW PEAS— Own growing. Great soil im¬ 
provers, best for hay, retain leaves. Mature 71 
days. $2.50 bu., sacked, f.o.b. Check with order. 
Prompt shipment. E. Packard, Seed Specialist, Dover,Del. 
C ABBAGE, LETTUCE, BEETS—Fine plants, $1.00 per 1,00-) 
Cauliflower, $2 .d 0 per 1,000. Sweet Potatoes, Peppers, Toma 
toes, Celery; best kimis. Semi forlist. J. C. Schmidt, Bristol, Pa 
r n t< Cn| a Cow Peas, $2.00 to $2,50 bushel: 
"Ur JdlC Crimson Clover Seed, $6.00 to 
$7.00 bushel; Red Clover Seed, $12.00 bushel. 
JOSEPH E. HOLLAND_ Milford, Delaware. 
CHERRIES 
and other Small Fruits ship to 
WM. H. COHEN & CO., 229 Washington Street. New York 
! Strnwbpvrv Plant«~' ° vel ' 40 money-making va- 
i oirawDerry nanis r i e ties only $1.25to$2.25 per 
j 1000. New 1912 catalog free. David Rodway, Hartly, Del. 
STRAWBERRY PLANTS 
CELERY and CAULIFLOWER; 
30 earliest., latest, largest varieties. Prices low, 
ASPARAGUS ROOTS, $2.90 thousand. VEGETABLE PLANTS by 
mail, postpaid: SWEET POTATO, 55c hundred; CABBAGE, 70c 
hundred; TOMATO, PEPPER, EGG PLANT, 2c each; also 
very low thousa nd prices . La rge discounts on large orders. Catalog free. 
«. SQTJIXIES, Remsen’burg, 3ST. Y 
