ees 
THE RXJRAI> NEW-YORKER 
May 25, 
N. Y. Exchange price $1.61 per 40-quart 
can. netting 3% cents to shippers in 26- 
cent zone. 
The farms in this vicinity produce very 
little except milk. You may see many 
wagons loaded with milk going to the 
creamery every morning, and on their re¬ 
turn you will see them loaded with feed 
purchased at the feed house near the 
creamery. Some farms raise sufficient corn 
and oats to feed the horses that are re¬ 
quired upon tlie farm. Practically no colts 
are raised, and if by accident or otherwise 
a farmer loses a horse, he goes to a nearby 
dealer, who ships them in from the West 
by the carload, and purchases one to re- 
place the lost one. Scarcely any veals are 
raised. The calves are quickly disposed of 
soon after birth, or perhaps a fine one may 
be permitted to live and grow up to re¬ 
plenish the dairy. Very little barnyard 
manure is for sale; it brings $1.25 per 
two-horse load, and if my neighbor gets his 
order in first for a load for his garden, lie 
gets the good and I get left. There is no 
silage sold, but silos are becoming more 
numerous. Pork for several years has been 
scarce and high in price, but during the 
last year has been more plentiful and some¬ 
what cheaper. One farmer runs a milk 
wagon through the town daily except Sun¬ 
day and retails milk at seven cents per 
quart. The following is the average price 
received by the farmers selling at the 
creamery: For the year 1907. 3.35 cents 
per quart; 1908. 3.29; 1909. 3.376; 1910. 
3.677; 1911. 3.363; for January. February 
and March, 1912, 4.04. Creamery retails 
to consumers at six cents per quart. I have 
been a resident of this town for 47 years, 
with the exception of about five years, and 
it seems almost impossible that such a 
change could have taken place. The many 
acres that used to produce wheat, rye, oats, 
corn, buckwheat and immense crops of po¬ 
tatoes are now mostly used for grazing. 
The most important thing seems to be milk, 
milk, and more milk. E. B. 
Sussex Co., N. J. 
Condemning Kansas Cream. 
Kansas has started on a campaign for 
better butter. The dairy commissioner may 
condemn rancid cream. lie recently did 
this to 65 gallons and prevented its manu¬ 
facture into butter. 
“Most of the cream which has been con¬ 
demned was from seven to 10 days old and 
was either stale or rancid, or showed ob¬ 
jectionable flavors. This quality of cream, 
says the dairy commissioner, is responsible 
for the poor butter found in almost every 
public eating-house and in many homes. In 
many parts of the State a high grade of 
butter* cannot be had at any price. Cream¬ 
eries are equipped with the best butter¬ 
making machinery but no buttermaker can 
be an alchemist, and a good quality of 
cream is necessary for the production of 
the best butter. All condemned cream is 
treated with a harmless blue dye and may 
be safely fed to hogs but cannot be made 
into butter as the color is fast.” 
It is said that this better butter cam¬ 
paign is “constructive and not destruc¬ 
tive.” The man who owned that cream will 
hardly think so. 
The Cow cr the Man. 
In looking over The R. N.-Y. I was 
struck with the article by John Gould on 
“Community Breeding,” page 533, also on 
page 535 the question of G. H. S. about 
feed and cream. On the one hand is a 
writer urging organized breeding of pure¬ 
bred cattle, on the other, a man complain¬ 
ing because he cannot get more than 32 
cents a pound for his purebred Jersey but¬ 
ter. With the first writer I agree that it 
is a good thing for farmers to practice 
community breeding, especially when so 
many men who have become wealthy at 
something else beside farming have come 
to consider farming a good way to get 
rid of it, and right here is where we run 
in on G. H. S.’s track. Near the city of 
Detroit there is a fine up-to-date dairy 
farm. The cows are purebred Ilolsteins, all 
of them first-class. The owner is in busi¬ 
ness in the city, employs a manager, and 
spends his leisure time on the farm. lie 
feeds as high as 40 cents a day in grain 
alone, and makes it pay, because he sells 
his product to his rich city friends at 50 
to 75 cents per pound. 
Holstein or Jersey butter is not worth a 
cent more than mongrel butter, provided 
both are well-made articles. 1 am a plain 
farmer who does his own work. My cows 
are mongrels, some Jersey. Red Poll. and. 
the rest cow. These cows, three of them, 
have been fed on 700 bundles (three cents 
per bundle, $21,1 of corn fodder, $10 worth 
of bean pods, $10 worth wheat straw. 100 
pounds of carrots, $25; $11 worth of grain. 
<s>rn, oats and bran, and $30 for pasture 
for the cows and three head of young stock 
since April 1. 1911. I have sold 450 
pounds of butter averaging 22 cents per 
pound, $99; I figure the butter and milk 
used in family at $50; gain on heifers, 
$30 ; veal calves. $22 ; skim-milk, $10 more, 
making $211. Deducting $107 leaves me 
$104 profit from these three cows. Of 
course I know that G. H. S. with his pure¬ 
bred and high-bred stock could not make 
a profit at 22 cents a pound, but his but¬ 
ter is wortl) no more than mine to the 
poor man who eats it. The dairyman gets 
more of the consumer’s dollar than any 
other farmer, and he should not do too 
much kicking. 
The main facts are these: Too many of 
the writers in our farm papers are not 
men whose fingers have grown stiff hold¬ 
ing the plow handles, and there are more 
farmers who make a fair profit out of the 
much-abused common stock than one would 
dream it possible by reading the reports of 
live stock associations. I am not for a 
moment “knocking” the efforts of breeders 
and others to build up the stock of the 
nation, but I do say it is more the man 
than the cow, and if one-half the care 
given to the purebreds was given to the 
stock we have there would be a great deal 
better showing made by the native stock. 
Another thing; I think there should be 
more attention paid to the raising of root 
crop for cows. We hear a great deal about 
silage, but scarcely a word about roots. It 
has been shown in The R. N.-Y. that it 
costs something above $100 to fill a 100- 
ton silo. This is not counting anything 
for the value of the corn. Now I can raise 
100 tons of carrots, mangels or turnips 
for $150 and do it on one-third the ground 
required for the corn to fill the silo. Of 
course many will say that a ton of roots 
will not equal a ton of silage, but I know 
that I can feed roots, ground corn and 
oats, corn fodder and bean pods and make 
every one of my cows give me a profit, and 
profit on butter at 22 cents a pound, and 
profit is what we are after. So I say, let 
the man who can afford a silo 4iave one, 
and purebred stock also, but don't let him 
“kick” because he cannot get the price to 
keep up his extras. f. M. e. 
Mecosta, Mich. 
The Cost of Producing Milk. 
I enclose herewith some figures which I 
have compiled from my experience which I 
think would be of interest to your many 
readers. I wonder sometimes if we who 
produce milk do not overlook some of the 
expensive items in arriving at our cost of 
producing a quart of milk, and if these are 
facts, are not the majority of farmers 
selling milk at less than cost of production, 
or at least, without a profit? Is not the 
time at hand when there should be an or¬ 
ganization of milk producers to demand a 
fair return for our investment and efforts? 
Are we not as much entitled to same as in 
any other class of business? The 'writer 
has a dairy of 20 cows and one bull, for 
which he refused last week $1500. There¬ 
fore, I feel that I can consider the valua¬ 
tion of my herd at this price, and have 
made my compilations upon this basis. 
In basing my production of milk upon 
160 quarts a day, which this herd has 
averaged the past year, you will find this 
will make 58,400 quarts of milk produced 
at an expense of $2201, or a fraction more 
than 3% cents per quart. I think your 
readers will all agree that several of the 
items are lower than they should be, and 
the writer believes that upon a conserva¬ 
tive basis we should all figure our cost at 
four cents per quart, and this would not 
be far from the actual cost of production 
one year with another, taking into con¬ 
sideration the good with the bad years, 
misfortune by loss of animals, etc. 
Dairy of 20 cows and one 
bull, value .$1500 
Valuation of barns, stable, 
silo, etc. 4000 
Interest one year at 5%. 
Depreciation at 10%..... . 
Pasture for six months..’. 
18 tons hay at $15 a ton. 
150 tons silage at $3 a ton.... 
18 tons feed at $30 a ton. 
Delivery of milk to market, 10 
cents a can . 
Straw . 
Ice . 
I,abor . 
Interest on barns, etc., one year 
at 5% . 
$75 
150 
50 
270 
450 
540 
146 
50 
50 
360 
200 
$2341 
Credit: 
20 calves at $2.50 .$50 
90 loads of manure at $1... 90 
- 140 
--$2201 
We are passing through a transition 
period, of which the agriculturist as well 
as the man in mercantile life must recog¬ 
nize the increased cost of doing business; 
as an example, 20 years ago the cost of 
doing a retail mercantile business was 10 
per cent, to-day this costs from 20 to 28 
per cent, owing to the size of towns and 
kind of business. It lias taken years for 
the merchant to realize why he was not 
“getting ahead” in business. I have al¬ 
ways contended that the trouble with busi¬ 
ness conditions was, not so much that other 
people were trying to fool you, as we are 
trying to fool ourselves. F. l. h. 
New York. 
Silage for Idaho. 
This immediate vicinity is not much of 
a corn country, and about the best that 
we can expect is what in a corn country 
would be called a half crop, both as to 
stalk and fodder and bushels per acre. It 
is, however, a natural Timothy country, 
and Timothy hay usually sells for from 
$6 to $8 per ton in the stack. This year 
I have bought two stacks for $5 per ton. 
With labor from $2 to $3 per day. do you 
think, under such circumstances it would 
pay to build and use a silo? There are 
no silos in this country and very little 
corn grown. Alfalfa does well and brings 
about $10 a ton. Clovers also do well. 
With such conditions, which would you 
recommend as the best and most economi¬ 
cal Winter feed for cattle and dairy cows? 
Soy beans have never been grown here so 
far as I know. c. C. G. 
Idaho Co., Idaho. 
R. N.-Y.—We are too far away here to 
give advice. Timothy hay is not the most 
economical food for dairy cattle. We 
should grow Alfalfa and clover and try 
Soy beans, and we think a silo would pay 
with corn or sorghum to go into it. Can 
any western silo man help in this? 
Cheese Country Notes. —Never in the 
history of the cheese trade have opening 
prices ruled so high as at the opening of 
the season of 1912. At the northern New 
York boards the last week in April the 
ruling quotation was 14 cents, and as high 
as 17% cents was paid the factorymen 
early in that month. The close clearance 
of old cheese brought about a lively de¬ 
mand for the new make, and conditions 
forced prices to a higher point than ever 
obtained for fodder made cheese. Although 
the season has been cold and backward 
the extremely high prices have stimulated 
dairymen to feed liberally and this has to 
a considerable extent offset the reduced 
flow of milk caused by the unfavorable 
weather. April milk has netted the fac¬ 
torymen in some instances $1.30 and better 
per 100. Dairymen are looking forward 
to an unusually good season in cheese, 
present prospects indicating a year of high 
prices in this branch of the business. 
Watertown, N. Y. f. a. 
Owners ot the highest priced dairy cows m 
America use the Sharpies Mechanical Milker. One of the 
world’s highest priced dairy cows, Imported Billy’s Lady Frances 
Gazelle, owned by Branford Farms, Groton, Conn., is an example. 
Another, the 76 Dairy Cows on the famous “White Horse Farm” 
at Paoli, Pa., none of which is valued at less than $1,000. Read this letter: 
After considerable use of your Mechanical Milker, will say it is a decided success. I feel 
justified in saying I could hardly get along without it, so satisfactory has it proved to be from 
every point of view. It is merely necessary for the dairyman to become acquainted with the 
Sharpies Milker to insure its perfect sorvico and to convince him that it is for hie own best interests. 
"eb. T~ - ---- 
Feb. 19. 1912. 
W. W. BLAKE ARKCOLL, Mgr. White ilorso Farm, Paoli, Pa, 
rp When owners of these high-priced animals use 
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