1912. 
V4G 
Ruralisms 
Transplanting Evergreens. 
B. G. M., Notre Dame, Ind .—Is there any 
time between the middle of June and mid¬ 
dle of September when evergreen trees can 
be successfully transplanted? Trees two 
to three inches in diameter. 
Ans. —Evergreens often succeed well 
planted in August. They are the most 
sensitive of any trees to drying while 
being removed, and if the roots are 
once allowed to become dry no amount 
of pains or trouble can restore the lost 
vitality. For this reason the transplant¬ 
ing ought to be done on a rainy or 
cloudy day. When filling press the 
earth firmly so as to have it compact 
about the roots. The soil must be finely 
pulverized and no lumps allowed. It 
will be necessary to use the hand to 
place the soil in spaces where the spade 
cannot go. It is desirable to shorten 
the limbs one-third to compensate for 
the loss of roots. This should not be 
done in such a way as to disfigure the 
tree, but when the roots are severely 
mutilated the whole top makes more of 
a draft on them for moisture than the 
roots can supply. Another way is to 
remove a portion of the branches, leav¬ 
ing the strong ones that are in position 
to give the tree a well-shaped top. 
S. H. MADDEN. 
Honoring an Apple. 
An interesting ceremony occurred 
near Morrisburg, Ontario, June 8. A 
monument was unveiled to an apple tree. 
The farmers of Dundas Co., Ont., 
raised the money by popular subscrip¬ 
tion and placed a marble stone close to 
the spot where the original McIntosh 
Red apple tree grew. The old tree stood 
for over a century and then fell. The 
Toronto Daily Mail gives the following 
bit of history: 
About 115 years ago Mr. John McIntosh, 
who came to Canada with the United States 
Loyalists, and settled in Matilda Township, 
found a number of young apple trees while 
clearing a place for a home. These he pre¬ 
served. One of them produced fruit of such 
superior color and quality that he named 
it McIntosh Red. It bore an abundance of 
fruit and soon attracted the attention of 
men who could appreciate its worth and 
possibilities. Ilis son Allan propagated 
from it, and commenced to disseminate the 
variety. In recent years it has been widely 
circulated, and now is planted in all parts 
of the continent where dessert apples flour¬ 
ish. In 1893 the old tree was partly in¬ 
jured by fire, but continued to bear on one 
side until 1908, when it failed forever. On 
the old McIntosh homestead due honor is 
being done to it and to its discoverer in 
the unveiling of a monument. The occa¬ 
sion is a deserving tribute to both. 
BREEDING OUT “HOBO” TREES. 
Dr. J. Eliot Coit, of California, says 
that the Washington Navel orange 
“possesses the sporting habit to a high 
degree.” Orchards from wood which 
was cut indiscriminately from all sorts 
of trees contain many worthless speci¬ 
mens. How can the orange grower feel 
sure that all his trees are high class? 
In the California Cultivator Mr. Coit 
suggests the following: 
In the first place and in regard to exist¬ 
ing groves which contain barren or “hobo” 
trees, there is evidently only one solution 
and that consists in removing the tops of 
all barren or otherwise undesirable and un¬ 
profitable trees and budding them over to 
pure Washington Navel. No amount of 
cultivation, fertilization or irrigation will 
make a hobo tree change its habit. Bud¬ 
ding over is the only remedy. In the sec¬ 
ond place and in regard to all future orange 
orchards the problem is : How ai'e we to put 
a stop to the distribution and planting of 
all such worthless hobo trees? My plan is 
for some State agency to offer to furnish 
to any nurseryman or private grower mak¬ 
ing application therefor, a trained inspector 
who will carefully examine the trees and 
their fruit from which buds are desired. 
If these conform to the high standard set, 
the inspector will personally supervise the 
cutting of buds and will oversee in person 
the setting of the buds in the root stocks. 
After the buds are placed, the inspector 
will attach to each tree a metal seal with 
copyrighted monogram bearing the name 
of the variety and the kind of root stock. 
This seal is to be attached in such a way 
that it will remain on the tree while pass¬ 
ing through the avenues of trade and until 
the final owner breaks and discards it after 
the tree is set in its permanent position 
in the orchard. It is not proposed to ad¬ 
vocate any law to compel nurserymen to 
handle sealed trees only, for the public will 
certainly demand sealed trees and lie glad 
to pay more for them as soon as they are 
available. 
At present the government inspects and 
guarantees the freedom from disease of all 
meats slaughtered in the great packing 
houses. The State analyzes our fertilizers, 
insecticides and commercial feeding stuffs. 
Many cities have laws setting a standard 
for milk at retail, the amount of moisture 
allowable in butter, etc. And yet the per¬ 
son who comes here, secures land and buys 
orange trees to plant on it, has no possible 
THE RURAb NEW-YORKER 
way of determining whether the trees were 
budded from standard Navels or from hobo, 
Australian degenerates. Is there not a de¬ 
mand for some system by which trees with 
known antecedents may be placed on the 
market? I think there is. In these days 
there is a great deal of talk about “pedi¬ 
greed” nursery stock. Usually what is sold 
as pedigreed stock is stock whose scions are 
said to have been cut from a tree or trees 
which are said to have yielded exceptionally 
well. This is good so far as it goes, but it 
does not protect from ignorant or careless 
dealers. The unit of the plant i« not tree; 
it is the bud. The term “pedigree” refers 
to animals, not plants. One Navel orange 
tree may be composed of several entirely 
different things, some good, some bad. And, 
again, what assurance has the purchaser 
that the stock was really propagated as the 
nurseryman claims. In all cases the sale 
will depend on the faith of the buyer in the 
honesty of the nurseryman. Now there are 
a number of progressive citrus nurserymen 
in California who use great care in cutting 
buds and whose trees have made a splendid 
reputation. The employees of the best 
nurseryman, however may occasionally get 
different varieties mixed in handling. This 
could not occur if every tree bore its seal. 
No doubt the most reliable nurserymen 
would be the first to welcome an official 
seal into their nurseries. 
Our greatest source of trouble lies with 
the many non-professional propagators who 
have been operating so extensively since 
the price of trees has been high. In many 
small towns the school boys have secured 
the use of vacant lots and by working after¬ 
noons and Saturdays raise a few hundred 
citrus trees which they sell to buyers who 
make a business of collecting such small 
lots. These are all assembled and sold 
either to planters or to large dealers. In 
many cases such lots are badly mixed, even 
as to varieties, and when it comes to learn¬ 
ing the particular strain of Navel or pomelo 
the buyer is left wholly in the dark. Under 
the proposed plan these amateur growers 
could continue operations as before, but the 
person who wanted standard trees and was 
willing to pay for officially sealed trees 
would be thoroughly protected from the ig¬ 
norance or carelessness of the amateur prop¬ 
agator. Of course if a school boy wished 
to raise sealed trees himself he could do 
so by applying for inspection, but the cost 
of inspecting a small lot would be rela¬ 
tively greater. The question as to whether 
the State should furnish this proposed serv¬ 
ice entirely free is a matter for discussion. 
It is my belief that a small charge should 
be made at the time the inspector is ap¬ 
plied for. This would tend to insure the 
keeping of appointments. All applications 
would have to be made considerably in ad¬ 
vance in order that the number of inspec¬ 
tors needed might be provided and their 
schedules arranged. While there are a good 
many details to be worked out, the funda¬ 
mental idea is this; the State should pro¬ 
vide an inspection service for the benefit 
of citrus growers which will result in the 
production and sale of high-class standard 
citrus trees in all varieties, each tree bear¬ 
ing an official seal which assures the buyer 
that the bud was cut under strict scientific 
supervision and that the trees are right. 
FRUITS FOR THE SOUTHWEST. 
Those who are interested in the behavior 
of fruit varieties for the southwest, should 
read bulletin 95, issued by the Oklahoma 
Experiment Station at Stillwater. The 
method employed in securing this informa¬ 
tion was to send out a list of questions 
asking about the behavior of various fruit 
varieties. The returns are tabulated as 
favorable and unfavorable, a brief descrip¬ 
tion of the variety being given. For ex¬ 
ample, among apples our old friend Ben 
Davis polled a vote of 218 favorable to 
13 unfavorable, with Jonathan 158 to 4, 
and Winesap 178 to 4. In peaches El- 
berta leads, 263 to 1. In pears Kieffer is 
at the head, 193 to 3, and Bartlett next, 
121 to 14. Garber pear is popular in that 
country, the vote being 96 to 3. Among 
plums Abundance has 176 in favor to 7 
against. Wild Goose 165 to 0, and Red 
June 99 to 11. In cherries Early Rich¬ 
mond leads, 145 to 4, and in grapes Con¬ 
cord is at the head, 233 to 3. Niagara 
next, 142 to 4, and Delaware 125 to 3. 
The Early Harvest blackberry leads its class 
203 to 3, Snyder next, with 109 to 13, Kitta- 
tinny 81 to 5. Some of the newer sorts 
have evidently not been thoroughly tested. 
In strawberries, as might be expected, 
Gandy comes first, 63 to 4, with Klondike 
next, 62 to 2. This method of obtaining 
statistics is interesting and useful, and 
probably as fair a method as could be 
found. The bulletin states that 40 years 
ago the standard varieties of apples in the 
States bordering on Oklahoma were essen¬ 
tially the same as those called standard 
today. Many new sorts have been intro¬ 
duced but none of them have been strong 
enough to drive out the old quartette of 
Ben Davis, Winesap, Missouri Pippin and 
Jonathan. This same thing is not true 
with other fruits, as changes have been 
made and newer varieties are proving pop¬ 
ular. With regard to the chances for ob¬ 
taining a large number of new varieties 
in the future, the bulletin states the fol¬ 
lowing facts and conclusions : 
“New varieties of fruits come from seed¬ 
lings. Hence, the greater the number of 
seedlings raised of any particular kind of 
fruit, the better chance there is of pro¬ 
ducing a new variety of value of that sort 
of fruit. Seedling orchards, in any number, 
attend certain economic conditions. When¬ 
ever a certain section Is, for any reason, 
settled for any length of time, without the 
advent of railroads, the nrcsence of seed¬ 
ling orchards is sure to fi.’low. The reason 
for this is manifest. Since transportation 
is w'holly by means of wagons, it is slow and 
expensive. Seeds, on account of their small 
bulk, are sent in letters and carried in 
the pockets of immigrants, and are con¬ 
sequently planted rather than the more 
bulky grafted or budded trees. The rough 
Ozark country of southern Missouri and 
northern Arkansas was settled many years 
before railroads penetrated that section. 
Railroads were very slow in coming on 
account of the expense of going through a 
rough country. Seedling orchards of all 
fruits once were, and in some neighbor¬ 
hoods of the Ozarks still arc. very common. 
Such orchards, while they did not produce 
nearly as good fruit as the same area 
planted to grafted or budded sorts, had a 
certain value in that they occasionally 
furnished a seedling with particularly good 
fruit; this seedling being the first tree of 
a new variety. There is no question but 
that this is the reason why northern Ar¬ 
kansas has furnished more new varieties 
of apples than any other section of the 
West of equal size. The day of seedling 
orchards is past and consequently the day 
when new varieties will be originated in 
any quantities is also probably past.” 
Rosa Rugosa and Harrison’s Yellow Hybrid. 
1. Has any good rose been originated by 
crossing R. rugosa with either Persian or 
Harrison’s Yellow?' 2. Can small rose seed¬ 
lings growing in the garden be trans¬ 
planted? C. H. 
Decorah, Iowa. 
1. The ordinary pink Rosa rugosa crossed 
with Harrison’s Yellow resulted in Agnes 
Emily Carman, a valuable rose, originated 
by the late Elbert S. Carman, of The It. 
N.-Y. The flowers, which are produced in 
clusters, are as vivid in color as Gen. 
Jacqueminot, a most brilliant crimson; it 
is very free, continuing in bloom for a 
long time, a strong grower with handsome 
foliage; very hardy. It is not well known, 
owing, we believe, to the fact that it is not 
very easily propagated, but awakens ad¬ 
miration whenever seen, and possesses un¬ 
usual value in landscape planting. That 
the crossing together of a bright yellow 
with a carmine pink rose should produce 
one with vivid crimson bloom shows some¬ 
thing of the surprises awaiting the hy¬ 
bridizer. 2. The small rose seedlings may 
be transplanted without risk. They are 
usually set out in May, after being started 
inside. 
Killing Out Persimmons. —Noting ref¬ 
erence on page 605 in regard to persim¬ 
mons, I would say that if Mr. Buchanan 
lived in Washington Co., Ohio, he would 
devise some plan to got rid of them instead 
of growing them. We found them a nuis¬ 
ance, instead of growing them for profit. 
We have a field that we have been cropping 
for several years. We arc bothered with 
the young persimmons sprouting; we grub 
them every year, but they still continue to 
sprout. There is no farm animal that will 
eat the young sprouts and we consider them 
a pest. Will The R. N.-Y. give us some 
information as to how to destroy them 
other than what we have tried ? J. F. c. 
Medical Use of Skunk Cabbage. — I just 
came across an inquiry as to the poisonous 
properties of skunk cabbage on page 527. 
This plant, Symplocarpus foetidus or Dra- 
contium, has been used in medicine for 
about three-quarters of a century. Its chief 
field of action is in the treatment of 
asthma and various other pulmonary and 
bronchial affections. It is poisonous in 
an overdose, and should never be used 
in substance or in the crude form. Nearly 
all of our wonderful indigenous remedies 
are poisons if taken to excess. Among those 
which have a definite and positive field of 
curative action and yet are poisonous in 
massive doses are the Gelsemium or yellow 
jasmine, Veratruni viride or American helle¬ 
bore, Lobelia or Indian tobacco, Phytolacca 
decandra or poke root, Apoeynum canna- 
binum or American hemp, Podophyllum 
peltatum or mandrake root, and Arum 
triphyllum or Indian turnip. These drugs 
arc all so powerful in their action that 
no uninstructed person should try experi¬ 
ments with them. There are a vast num¬ 
ber of others that could be mentioned that 
are exceedingly valuable curative agents, 
and which when prepared from the fresh 
plants in the form of the specific and nor¬ 
mal tinctures furnish a much more reliable 
class of remedies than the “Made in Ger¬ 
many” products of carbolic acid. 
Ohio. WM. M. GREGOKY, M. D. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and a 
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
DOCTOR’S SHIFT 
Now Gets Along Without It. 
A physician says: “Until last fall I 
used to eat meat for my breakfast and 
suffered with indigestion until the meat 
had passed from the stomach. 
“Last fall I began the use of Grape- 
Nuts for breakfast and very soon found 
I could do without meat, for my body 
got all the nourishment necessary from 
the Grape-Nuts, and since then I have 
not had any indigestion and am feeling 
better and have increased in weight. 
“Since finding the benefit I derived 
from Grape-Nuts I have prescribed the 
food for all my patients suffering from 
indigestion or over-feeding and also for 
those recovering from disease where I 
want a food easy to take and certain to 
digest and which will not overtax the 
stomach. 
“I always find the results I look for 
when I prescribe Grape-Nuts. For ethi¬ 
cal reasons please omit my name.” 
Name given by mail by Postum Co., 
Battle Creek, Mich. 
The reason for the wonderful amount 
of nutriment, and the easy digestion of 
Grape-Nuts is not hard to find. 
In the,first place, the starchy part of 
the wheat and barley goes through vari¬ 
ous processes of cooking, to perfectly 
change the starch into dextrose or 
grape-sugar, in which state it is ready 
to be easily absorbed by the blood. 
The parts in the wheat and barley 
which Nature can make use of for re¬ 
building brain and nerve centres are re¬ 
tained in this remarkable food, and thus 
the human body is supplied with the 
powerful strength producers, so easily 
noticed after one has eaten Grape-Nuts 
each day for a week or 10 days. 
“There’s a reason,” and it is ex¬ 
plained in the little book, “The Road to 
Wellville,” in pkgs. 
Ever read the above letter ? A new one 
appears from time to time. They are genu¬ 
ine, true, and full of human interest. 
Get the 
Dairy 
Dollars 
You’re Losing 
Absolutely sanitary 
conditions in the dairy 
mean money saved and 
made. 
Before you buy an¬ 
other milk can it will 
pay you to examine the 
sanitary , durable 
Milk Cans 
Every inside seam is smoothly sold¬ 
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washed as a glass tumbler. 
Sturges material and workmanship is 
of the highest. IVe guarantee satisfaction. 
If your dealer doesn’t handle Sturges 
cans, write us about it now. Ask for cata¬ 
log 60 i. 
When ordering you can save freight 
by specifying shipment from our ware¬ 
house at Syracuse, N. Y., or New York City. 
Sturges & Burn Mfg. Co., 
508 S. Green St., Chicago, I1L 
Cow-Ease 
Prevents Ticks* 
KEEPS 
FLIES OFF 
_ Cattle and Horses 
and allows cows to feed in peace, making 
More Milk and More Money for you. 
A clean, harmless liquid preparation, ap¬ 
plied with a sprayer. Keeps cows in good 
condition, and saves five times its cost in 
extra milk. 
TRIAL OFFER 
If your dealer cannot supply 
you, send us his name and 
$1.25, and we will deliver 
prepaid to your address a 
half-gallon can of COW- 
EASE and SPRAYER for 
applying. For West of Mis- < 
souri River and for Canada, 
above Trial Offer, $1.50. 
Satisfaction or Money Back. 
CARPENT ER-MORTON CO. 
BOSTON. MASS. 
Harris’ Steel Stalls 
and Stanchions 
Save Time and Money and Make 
Your Dairy More Profitable 
Y OUR COWS will give more 
and better milk, your cost of 
labor and production will be 
materially reduced, and you will 
make more money from your dairy 
if you equip your bam with Harris' 
Patented Steel Stalls and Stan¬ 
chions and Labor-Saving Litter and 
Feed Carriers. 
Write today for our free. 
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THE HARRIS MANUFACTURING COMPANY 
Box 552 SALEM, Ohio 
si EXCELSIOR SWING STANCHION 
30 Days’ Trial—Stationary When Open 
NOISELESS SIMPLE SANITARY DURABLE 
The Wasson Stanchion Co., 
Box 60, Cuba, N.Y. 
Increase Your Dairy Profit 
Makes cows comfortable. Save time 
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operate ; cow proof ; sanitary ; 
strong, and durable. 
Write for our prices and illus¬ 
trated catalogue before buying. 
KOSTER STEEL STANCHION CO. 
900 Insurance Bldg.. Rochester, N. V. 
ROBERTSON’S CHAT X 
HANGING STANCHIONS 
“I have used them for more 
than TWENTY YEARS, and they 
have given the very beat of satis¬ 
faction in every way,’’ writes 
Justus n. Cooley, M.D., Plainfield 
Sanitarium, Plainfield, N. J. 
Thirty days’ trial on application 
O. II. ROBERTSON 
Wash. St., Forestvllle, Conn. 
THE LEVIN PRUNER 
The best primer. Cuts >£-inch dry 
branch. Quick, clean, easy cut. We 
will send it post paid for club of two 
new yearly subscriptions at 81 each, 
or for club of 10 ten weeks trials at 10 
cents each. 
The Rural New-Yorker, New York 
