762 
THE RURAb NEW-YORKER 
June 29, 
DAIRYING ON THE DESERT. 
I have been interested in reading the 
different articles on dairying, printed 
from time to time in The R. N.-Y., and 
have decided to tell you how we handle 
cows in the Nevada desert on an irri¬ 
gated ranch. 
On November 18, 1911, myself and 
boys began milking a herd of eight 
cows. We added to the herd so that 
they have averaged 14 head, including 
a bull, for the last six months, with an 
average of 11 milking, including four 
heifers with first calf. We have fed 
nothing but Alfalfa hay during this six 
months. We sell the milk at 15 cents 
per gallon. Its average test is 4.2 per 
cent. Following are the receipts: Novem¬ 
ber, $36; December, $96.05; January, 
$106.45; February, $102.09; March, 
$115.05; April, $135; May, $163. Three 
calves sold for $20; five calves on hand 
valued at $50; milk and butter for a 
family of six at 25 cents per day, $45. 
Total receipts. $863.69. Fed 40 tons Al¬ 
falfa hay at $6.50, $260. We keep the hay 
where the cows can eat whenever they 
wish and consider the manure worth the 
cost of feeding. We use no barn or 
shelter of any kind, milking and feed¬ 
ing outside all the time. Had we sold 
the butter fat we would have made 
about $90 less, allowing skim-milk a§ 
worth 25 cents per 100 for pig feed. 
This is our first attempt at dairying 
and we are considering the advisability 
of doubling our herd. We shall have 
to buy hay for another year and pay 
could not be made to pay. Then it was 
found that Crimson clover, cow peas, 
Alfalfa and corn could be easily pro¬ 
duced on the sandy Delaware soil, while 
the mild climate saved much of the cost 
of shelter. As a result some of the most 
prosperous dairies of the country are lo¬ 
cated in that section. 
SELLING EGGS IN NEW YORK. 
Recently I wrote you some facts about 
tlie egg commission houses and their meth¬ 
ods. Summarized, the so-called “responsi¬ 
ble'’ commission houses base returns to 
their shippers on the exchange quotations 
for eggs on the date they receive eggs, and 
sell eggs to jobbers and retailers at two 
cents to four cents per dozen above said 
quotations. I have made trial shipments 
of extra selected large white eggs, to a 
number of New York commission houses 
and in no single instance have I received 
returns on the basis of actual sales. Four 
years ago I was making weekly visits to 
the city and happened to make a trial 
shipment to Kassoff & Son, receiving a pre¬ 
mium of two cents per dozen over top 
market price. As the honest houses never 
gave more than tops and often cut one 
or two cents per dozen I continued to ship 
to Kassoff & Son, though knowing their 
reputation for dishonesty, and collecting 
each week at their office. From them I 
received returns on a basis of two cents 
per dozen premium from April until De¬ 
cember 15, on two cases weekly. Then I 
shipped them two cases just before Christ¬ 
mas holidays and went to town to spend 
the week. In that week I found their of¬ 
fice closed on three occasions. Also during 
that week the price of eggs dropped from 
60 to 40 cents per dozen. On my fourth 
visit I happened to catch young Kassoff 
on Jay street, and he handed me a check 
for the two cases on the 40-cent basis. 
The following week the Kassoflfs, father 
and son, were gathered in by Uncle Sam 
for using the mails to defraud. However 
DAISY, A NEVADA HEIFER. Fig. 294 . 
$8 per ton for it. What would you 
suggest? I enclose a picture of the 
youngest of our herd, shown at Fig. 294. 
F. E. MOBLEY. 
R. N.-Y.—Nevada is too far away for 
us to do more than guess. We should 
work up to the limit of the labor of 
yourself and the boys and be careful 
about keeping so much stock that hired 
labor is needed. 
Dairying on Long Island. 
I note with interest article by H. R. 
Talmage in the issue of June 8 on the 
Long Island School of Agriculture, but 
I think the remark that “This is not a 
dairy country,” needs explanation. I 
am not a dairy farmer nor am I greatly 
interested in dairying. I will also grant 
that at the present time there is but 
little dairying done on Long Island, it 
having been largely discontinued here 
no doubt owing to the high cost of land 
and consequent need of intensive meth¬ 
ods of farming, which make large pas¬ 
tures impossible. There are no milk sta¬ 
tions or creameries on the Island so far 
as I know, but with milk retailing in 
this village and at Riverhead and also 
without doubt at many other towns 
about here at 10 cents a quart, and al¬ 
most impossible (here at least) to get it. 
with our increasingly large colonies of 
Summer residents who stay for from 
five to seven months and many of whom 
will take milk (if sent to their homes) 
in Winter, if one gives them satisfac¬ 
tion, it seems to me that dairy farming 
under intensive methods, use of silage 
and soiling crops can be made profitable 
out here, and that a “farm dairy” 
course should be included in the curri¬ 
culum of the new school. Then, too. 
one must concede that Long Island will 
not furnish the entire student body of 
the school, which is to serve the eastern 
section of this State, and many of its 
students will locate elsewhere than on 
Long Island. I might add that poultry 
husbandry also offers many opportuni¬ 
ties in this county. j. G. D. 
. Port Jefferson, L. I. 
R. N.-Y.—That seems sensible. We 
can remember when Delaware was 
pointed out as a place where dairying 
those known crooks weer the only ones in 
the market who ever gave mo a square deal. 
An interesting sidelight is thrown on 
the situation by the daily reports in the 
New York Journal of Commerce of receipts 
by some of the responsible commission 
houses that handle eggs exclusively. Sev¬ 
eral houses reported regularly receive from 
60 to 150 cases per week. The commis¬ 
sions charged average 30 cents per case, 
making the legitimate income of these 
houses $18 to $45 per week. These same 
houses have a minimum fixed expense of 
$35 per week, estimated (it probably runs 
much higher), which leads to the query, how 
do they manage to continue being respon¬ 
sible? And this during the period of great¬ 
est production. Yet they wear expensive 
clothes and jewelry and invest their profits 
in city real estate. 
I have a small poultry plant—500 layers 
—and produce five to seven cases per week 
from January 1 to October 1. All eggs 
are wiped with a damp cloth and if stained, 
stains are removed by dipping the cloth 
into baking soda and rubbing the stains. 
Most poultrymen know this, still many 
try to remove stains with salt and vinegar 
(a combination of acid and alkali). Soda 
removes the stain without affecting the 
shell, while vinegar frequently causes the 
stain to penetrate the pores of the shell, 
fixing instead of removing it. Then eggs 
are graded into three sizes, using a board 
with holes bored through as a sizer, a hole 
1 11-16-inch and one 1 9-16-inch. Eggs 
that will not pass through the larger hole 
are extra selected, those that go through 
the larger but not the smaller hole are 
medium, and all that pass through the 
smaller hole are small or common. The 
board and a little judgment in placing 
short round eggs gives three grades, eaefi 
of which will run much more uniform than 
it is possible to grade by the eye alone. 
I have been told by former employees of 
large poultry plants that the custom at 
those plants is to place all the small eggs 
into the three lower fillers on each side of 
the case, and place large eggs into the two 
top fillers on each side. Also thev are not 
particular about the eggs in three lower 
fillers being clean. The commission men 
and egg buyers generally lift out the top 
filler on one side of a case and candle a 
half dozen or so eggs out of the second 
filler, assuming that if the case is topped, 
it will be in the top filler only. I have 
learned of one large shipper receiving top 
prices right along for eggs packed thus, 
by a commission house that cut me one 
cent a dozen on a trial shipment of extra 
selected eggs. They favored m e with a note 
to the effect that the market was glutted. 
I happen to know that the market has 
been kept cleaned up all season. 
Anyone who can produce two or more 
cases of extra selected eggs per week can 
approach retailers, dairies, or fancy groc¬ 
ers almost at random in New York city and 
secure steady customers on a basis of two 
cents per dozen over top New York quota¬ 
tions, buyer paying express charges and 
paying weekly. You have to risk the first 
shipment, but if your goods are right there 
is practically no chance of being cheated. 
During six years of picking up customers 
that way I have been cheated out of one 
trial shipment of a single case of eggs. 
That fellow—one Witte who ran a dairy 
and fancy grocery—wrote me that the eggs 
I sent him were bad. He shipped back a 
case of rotten eggs which I refused to take 
out of the express office. I secured proof 
that the case he returned was not the one 
I shipped, with the idea of prosecuting 
him criminally, but I could not afford to 
waste the time, and so he went unwhipped 
of justice. I think it would be hard to 
find another dealer like that one in New 
York. 
Egg farmers who can produce five or 
more cases of eggs of uniform grade per 
week the year around and are acquainted 
in the city can secure exclusive hotel and 
club trade at large premiums. That trade 
is very particular, however, and will fre¬ 
quently kick just for pastime. When suen 
customers complain a polite suggestion that 
they secure their egg supply elsewhere will 
generally elicit the reply that they are en¬ 
tirely satisfied. Robert w. davidson. 
New Jersey. 
Anthrax and Blackleg. 
I would like to get a little information 
about vaccinating young stock for anthrax 
where it is in the pasture. The milch cows 
do not take it. I have three heifers; would 
like to try it on them. Where can I get 
the vaccine, what does it cost? Is there 
much danger in using and is it necessary 
to have a veterinary to use it? 
New York. s. J. o. 
Anthrax kills old and young cattle alike. 
As cows are not attacked we take it as cer¬ 
tain that the disease is blackleg and not 
anthrax. Where anthrax is present the 
owner of the cattle must notify the State 
authorities and the outbreak will be cared 
for by the State veterinarian and his depu¬ 
ties. Vaccinating against anthrax should 
only be done by State officers, or under 
their supervision. Vaccinating against black¬ 
leg can be done by the owner, properly in¬ 
structed, or by any veterinarian. Write to 
the Bureau of Animal Industry, Washing¬ 
ton, D. C., for a bulletin on the subject 
and relative to obtaining a supply of vac¬ 
cine. a. s. A. 
Death in the Pit, 
Cincinnati, June 4.—Five persons per¬ 
ished as the result of being overcome by 
gas fumes in a grain well at the dairy 
of Jacob Sachs, in Fairmount. this city, to¬ 
day. A fireman who went into the pit to 
get out the bodies was also overcome and 
lies at the City Hospital in a serious con¬ 
dition. Two of the dead are women. Four 
of the victims forfeited their lives in efforts 
to rescue Jacob Sachs, the first victim. 
The pit, or well, was used by Sachs for 
the storage of wet malt feed, which he fed 
to his milch cows. The grain had fer¬ 
mented and generated deadly gases. 
We print this as a warning to silo build¬ 
ers who plan to go into the ground. When 
carbonic acid gas forms it remains at the 
bottom of such a pit. Being heavier than 
air it cannot rise like a lighter gas and 
there is no way in such a place for it to 
drain off. No one should go down into a 
pit of this sort without first lowering a 
lighted lantern. If the lantern light is ex¬ 
tinguished keep out of the pit until the 
gas has been well stirred up with air. This 
can be done by working a chain and bucket 
pump, by waving or shaking a blanket at 
the bottom or exploding a small charge of 
powder in the pit. Where silage or brew¬ 
ers’ grains are fermenting—keep out of 
such a pit until the lantern test has been 
tried. 
Killing Cattle Grubs.— If you will ad¬ 
vise your readers to bathe cattle’s back 
with strong salt and water or tobacco 
water, when putting the stock up for Win¬ 
ter, they won’t find many grubs in the 
Spring. It is cruelty to allow these grubs 
to torment the poor animals. The farmer 
wastes a lot of food trying to fatten cattle 
while being punished so by grubs. B. e. 
Honeoye Falls, N. Y. 
You Can’t Cut Out *?8S gESZS&ffiSK 
will clean them off permanently, and you 
work the horse same time. Does not 
blister or remove the hair. $2.00 per 
bottle, delivered. Book 4 JE free. 
ABSORBING, JR., liniment for 
mankind, reduces Varicose Veins, Rup¬ 
tured Muscles or Ligaments, Enlarged 
Before After Glands, Goitres, Wens, Cysts. Allays 
pain quickly. Price $1.00 and $2.00 a bot¬ 
tle at druggists or delivered. Will toll you more 
if you write. Manufactured only by 
W.F.YOUNG. P.D.F., 88 Temple St.,Sprlngfield,Mass. 
A DIPPING TANK OR A HOG WALLOW 
WITH 
KRESO DIP N2.I 
WILL DO THE WORK 
THERE IS NO EXCUSE FOR LOUSY MANGY 
UNTHRIFTY PIGS. IF VOU HAVE SOME 
OF THIS KIND YOU WILL FIND IT WORTH 
WHILE TO GET OUR CIRCULAR ON 
TANKS AND WALLOWS. IT TELLS 
HOW TO MAKE THEM OF CEMENT 
KRESO DIP N2I 
IS A REAL NECESSITY 
ABOUT ALL LIVE STOCK 
FOR KILLING LICE,TICKS,MITES,FLEAS, 
FOR TREATING SCAB.MANGE,RINGWORM, 
AND OTHER SKIN DISEASES; 
TO DISINFECT. DEODORIZE, 
CLEANSE Be PURIFY. 
ALL OF THESE USES FULLY DESCRIBED 
IN OUR BOOKLETS. WRITE FOR COPIES 
ASK YOUR DRUGGIST FOR KRESO DIP NOI 
PARKE,DAVIS SCO, 
DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 
DEATH TO HEAVES 
and | n DIGESTION troueles 
Indigestion causes Heaves, 
NEWTON’S Heave » Coneh, Dig. 
o temper mid Indiges¬ 
tion Cure gets at the root off the trouble by 
correcting Indigestion, and Is therefore 
Heath to Heaves. 
Heaves is not a Lung Trouble, Heaves is 
broughton by Indigestion caused bv overfeed¬ 
ing bulky food or violent exercise on an over¬ 
taxed Stomach. Overfeeding enlarges the 
Stomach and Diaphragm, retarding the circu¬ 
lation and nerve force of the Lungs. Good 
feeders and good workers only have Heaves. 
Newton’s cures Chronic Cough, caused by 
Indigestion and theafter-e fleets of Distemper. 
It cures Distemper by driving the poison 
from the blood. Newton’s, In correcting 
Stomach and Bowel troubles, makes it a 
Grand Conditioner. Expels Intestinal Worms, 
cures Colds, Acute Cough, prevents Colic, 
Staggers, etc. A Blood Purifier, cures Skin 
Eruptions. Economical to use; dose is email. 
Equally effective for all stock. 
Put up in screw lop cans, 50c & $1.00. Large 
can contains 2$ times as much as small,and is 
recommended for Heaves and Chronic Cough. 
Sold by all Dealers or sent direct prepaid. 
Newton’s Is a standard Veterinary Medicine 
backed by Twenty Years’ Record of good resul ts. 
Satisfaction guaranteed in every can. 
Book with full explanation sent free. 
THE NEWTON REMEDY CO., Toledo, Ohio. 
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