1012. 
779 
THE RURAIs NEW-YORKER 
HAIRY VETCH IN NORTHERN MICHIGAN. 
Sand vetch, Hairy vetch, Winter vetch, 
all refer to the same leguminous plant, 
botanieally known as Vida villosa. It is 
the most valuable species among the many 
varieties which are cultivated for various 
purposes. Its use for converting poor 
sandy soils into productive farming lands 
has been known for many years in the 
northern parts of Europe, and practically 
all the seed is still imported from those 
regions. Tested at this station during the 
past 10 years, it has proven to be one ’ 
of the most valuable hay crops, especially 
for horses, and has yielded no less than 
3% and as high as 4% tons per acre 
when planted at the rate of 20 to 25 
pounds, with three-fourths of a bushel to a 
bushel of Spring wheat per acre. Of the 
many crops tested at this station for the 
purpose of determining their ability to sub¬ 
due quack grass, the Sand vetch is the 
only crop which completely eradicated the 
grass in one season. During the first trial 
the vetch was planted during the first week 
in August at the rate of 30 pounds per 
acre, and the vetch was cut the following 
season during the last week in August. The 
matted condition of the vines was well cal¬ 
culated to smother and kill the quack grass, 
but rendered the curing of the vines for 
hay very difficult. The fertilizing value of 
the vetch could be seen plainly for two 
years afterwards, for the rich green color 
and healthy foliage of sugar beets which 
were grown during the following season, 
and of. Soy beans which followed the beets, 
made it appear as if large quantities of 
manure or of commercial fertilizers had 
been previously plowed under. During a 
second trial the clear vetch was again 
used at the rate of 30 pounds per acre 
and was planted early in May upon one- 
half of a quack grass infested plot. Upon 
the other half a mixture of 20 pounds of 
vetch and three fourths of a bushel of Spring 
■wheat per acre was planted at the same time, 
the intention being to cut the mixture for 
hay during the first week, and the clear 
vetch during the last week in August. 
Owing to mistaken orders both were cut 
early in August and the results showed 
that while a mixture of wheat and vetch 
does not completely eradicate quack grass 
it leaves it in a very weakened condition. 
Upon the clear vetch plot more or less 
quack grass reappeared about a week after 
the vines had been cut, but the weakened 
condition of the rootstocks showed that 
the quack grass would have been probably 
completely killed had the vetch been cut 
two or three weeks later. 
As no live stock has as yet been kept 
at this station, the value of the Sand vetch 
for pasture has not been investigated. 
When intended for hay, rye or wheat as 
part of the mixture are better able to sus¬ 
tain the weight of the climbing vines than 
oats or barley, hence facilitate the curing 
of the hay. Rye is less desirable than 
wheat, because of its liability to develop 
ergot, and because rye is too nearly ripe 
at the time the vetch is fit to cut, which 
means the time when the vetch is nearly 
in full blossom or when the lower pods 
begin to fill out. For restoring fertility, 
building up poor sandy soils and eradicating 
troublesome weeds at a minimum cost of 
labor, the sand vetch will give wonderful 
results, and in this respect is far more 
valuable than any other crop. Cut as soon 
as It begins to blossom it will give a fair 
amount of pasture during the rest of the 
season, or if left unpastured, it will fre¬ 
quently give a second crop during the fol¬ 
lowing season. leo m. geismar. 
Chatham, Mich. 
The Home Canning Business. 
From . the experience we have had, we 
believe it is a great advantage to possess 
a home canning outfit. When we were 
asked to buy such a home canner, and saw 
the price, .$10, we asked the agent: “How 
can we ever get our money back?” Today 
we are glad that we bought it. for we now 
realize the advantages of such an outfit. The 
past season was one of little fruit with us, 
and during the past Summer we experi¬ 
enced a long drought, yet we canned about 
$-8 worth of vegetables, not counting those 
kept for home use. Here is the method we 
used. As soon as we bought the canner, 
we made it known among our neighbors 
and along the ’phone line that we had 
bought such a canner and were ready to 
can for them in regular tin cans on shares 
for half. We thought because our own 
tomatoes were not producing well on ac¬ 
count of the drought, that such was the 
case all around us, but soon nice large 
tomatoes were brought in for us to can. 
In fact, we were agreeably surprised at the 
many fine tomatoes raised by some people 
in a year of great drought, and by this 
method of canning the tomatoes are pre¬ 
served whole, not cooked to a mush as 
by the old way. 
We also canned large quantities of snap 
beans. We found it best to cook as for table 
use, then can. On opening, they need not 
be cooked, simply warmed. Corn is the 
most difficult of all vegetables to preserve. 
Select young and tender ears, for the older 
the corn, the longer you must cook it. Corn 
and tomatoes in equal proportions makes a 
very useful article for soups. This com¬ 
bination is easily preserved, being cooked 
in the sealed can only 45 minutes. Besides 
tomatoes, beans and corn, we also preserve 
peaches, pears, apples, grapes and blackber¬ 
ries. In order to dispose of the surplus, it 
is necessary to buy regular labels and paste 
them on the cans. Such labels can be 
secured for about 20 cents per hundred. 
The best time to buy cans is in the early 
Spring, when a thousand cans can be secured 
tor about $23. If you wait to buy your 
cans until the canning season, you will 
be compelled to pay about three cents per 
can, and any delay in securing cans at 
that time means a loss. Another great 
advantage is to be the first one in your 
community to own such a home canning 
outfit, and thus secure much fruit and many 
vegetables from the whole community to 
can on shares. 
There is no difficulty in selling the sur¬ 
plus. for the grocers in your neighboring', 
.owns will readily buy what you have to 
sell. \\e sold our surplus tomatoes, beans 
grapes and corn at $1.20 per dozen. In 
fact, tomatoes are considered the best sell¬ 
ers of all vegetables. We know that thou¬ 
sands of cans of tomatoes are used in 
homes to-day where 15 years ago no canned 
tomatoes were used. We therefore know 
from experience that a home canning outfit 
will pay well in every farming community. 
North Carolina. MRS. e. e. henry. 
A Little of the Shade. 
In reply to E. L. M. in regard to a can¬ 
ning outfit I would say that I bought one 
last year. Although I am not an experi¬ 
enced canner I think the process is very 
simple, and by following the recipes for 
preparing the products the best of results 
may be obtained. But the whole difficulty 
would be to have the cans sealed up in the 
proper manner. I presume E. L. M. under¬ 
stands that the cans for putting the pro¬ 
duct in come all ready to use, that is with 
the solder on the top of the can and with 
the circular soldering iron the manner in 
which the cans are sealed is very simple, 
but I have tried it, and I found that it is 
very hard to seal the cans perfectly, as 
there is so little solder on the can. If 
one had enough work to hire an expert 
sealer it would be a profitable business, but 
of course such a man would demand big 
pay, and it would be almost impossible to 
keep him employed more than half of the 
time. In such a business the man who 
sells the product would have to replace any 
cans which proved to be bad on account of 
being improperly put up. My outfit is a 
closed boiler, and has a pressure gauge, 
which is the only kind to use. and it has 
worked perfectly, but as I said, we only 
use it for home supply, therefore we use 
glass jars now after trying the tin cans. 
Another important point is that the best 
grade of goods on the market at present are 
put up in sanitary cans, which ax-e sealed 
by large machines, and no solder used, and 
where the trade is used to these cans a 
soldered can looks like a second grade 
even if the contents are the best. 
Massachusetts. c. h. Stearns. 
Long Influence of Ashes and Lime. 
On page 574 G. B. H. asks, How many 
years will wood ashes show traces of them¬ 
selves upon the soil? I know nothing par¬ 
ticular about wood ashes more than any 
other, but 52 years ago in the neighborhood 
in which I then lived was a field bordering 
upon the railroad track. In this field was 
about an acre of land slightly elevated 
above the rest of the field and about eight 
rods from the track. This field was sown 
to grain and harvest time it was stacked 
upon this elevation and afterward thrashed 
and the straw stacked in the usual manner. 
In those days the railroad engines burned 
wood instead of coal as now. and in some 
manner a cinder communicated with the 
stack and set it on fire, and it burned' 
to the ground. Those ashes were scat¬ 
tered around and plowed under. From 
that day to this every crop grown upon 
that field, whether potatoes, corn or other 
grains, but particularly corn, shotws a 
very marked effect of those ashes upon this 
spot in contrast to that grown upon the 
rest of the field, having a dark green 
-thrifty appearance and overtopping it by 
from one to two feet. I have no doubt 
that the effect of those ashes will be notice¬ 
able 50 years hence. d. j. h. 
Orleans Co., N. Y. 
R. N.-Y.—Probably the heat of the burn¬ 
ing also had some influence upon the soil. 
Yellow Melilot. 
Will you give an account of yellow 
Sweet clover, as regards the origin, descrip¬ 
tion of the plant, and food value? 
Freehold, N. Y. w. h. w. 
The yellow Sweet clover is more properly 
called Yellow melilot, Melilotus officinalis’; 
the common white-flowered Sweet clover is 
Melilotus alba, which is also called White 
melilot, and Bokhara or Tree clover. The 
Yellow melilot has three leaflets, long, 
toothed, blunt at the tip. The small golden 
yellow flowers ax-e strung along slender 
spikes. Both these melilots are natives of 
Europe, now freely naturalized in many 
parts of this country. They are quite tali, 
two to three feet, and become vei-y woody 
with age. Though sweet-smelling, espec¬ 
ially when di-ying, they possess a peculiar 
bitterish taste, which is not relished by 
stock, and the melilots are generally cori- 
sidered worthless for hay or pasture; in¬ 
deed. in some localities they are treated as 
noxious weeds. They are not easily cured, 
and unless cut quite early are vei-y woody. 
But they have value in other directions; 
they furnish bee pasture; they are.excel¬ 
lent for binding arid slopes, and thus pre¬ 
venting washing, as on steep embankments, 
and plowed under they increase fertility 
after the manner of all legumes. It is 
commonly held that the presence of the 
melilots is evidence of good Alfalfa soil, 
or at least that these legumes furnish in¬ 
oculation favorable to Alfalfa. Their ac¬ 
tual place in farm economy is not as yet 
fully studied. 
Fighting Chinch Bugs. —Every year we 
have questions about how to fight migra¬ 
tory crawling insects. The chinch bug 
crawls from one crop to another and 
breastworks against them are in order. The 
following suggestions are sent out from the 
Kansas Agricultural College: 
. “To stop the passing of chinch bugs it 
xs necessary to plow a ridge between the 
infested and non-infested fields. The top 
of this'ridge must be smooth and it should 
be higher than any nearby ground, so that 
no soil will drop on it. On top of the 
ridge pour an unbroken line of coal tar, 
road oil or crude oil. It has proved satis¬ 
factory as a barrier over which the bugs 
will not pass. The oil line should be at 
least three-fourths of an inch wide, and 
may best be poured from an old tea kettle. 
Of course the oil must be kept liquid. Every 
break in the line must be quickly repaired. 
Tost holes every 15 or 20 feet, on the 
infested field side, are effective in trapping 
the bugs. The ridge may be made with 
an ordinary breaking plow or lister by 
throwing two furrows together. Then finish 
tlie top with a home-made, inverted trough 
dragged along the ridge. Almost any farm¬ 
er will devise ways and means to make 
his barrier, but to be absolutely effective 
the tar or oil line must be unbroken. A 
gasolene blow torch to burn the bugs along 
the line is a valuable aid. This can be 
bought for about $5.” 
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antes 
flDER 
PRESS 
Built for Service 
Our catalogue gives full 
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Boomer & Boschert 
Press Co. 
312 Water Street 
Syracuse, N. Y. 
Established 1872 
PRESSES 
and other machinery for 
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AUTOMATIC JACK CO., BoxlSO, Bloomfield, Ind. 
BINDER TWINE 754c lb. 
From factory to farm. Fully guaranteed. 
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Quick Work Means 
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AT EXTRFMELY LOW COST. EVERYTHING AT 
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NEW BODIES, Touring, Runabout, Racing, $75 to $200; 2 
worth from $100 to $ 600 . 
MAGNETOS $22.50—Regularly $75 to $125. 
WINDSHIELDS (brass) $0.50—Were $ 10 . 
ELECTRIC IIORNS $7.50—Formerly $35. 
METAL TOOL BOXES $2.50—Were $10. 
ROAD VULCANIZEBS $2.50—Regular $3.50. 
NEW MOTORS, 15 horse-power, $95. Regular price $250, 
20 H.-I\ $125. Regular $-100. 
TIKES—By assuming your own guarantee yon can save 50 
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well known FRONTIER TIRE, a better shoe than which is not 
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28x8... 
80x3... 
80 x 8*6. 
82x8*6. 
....$ 8.00 
_ 10.00 
. 13.75 
.. .15.00 
84x8*6. 
80 x 4 ~ . 
32 x 4 
33 x 4.. . 
. .$15.75 
.. 16.75 
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34x4... 
35x4... 
84 x4*6. 
35 x 4*6. 
...$18.75 
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All other sizes proportionately low 
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TIMES SQUARE AUTOMOBILE CO. 
Largest dealers In the world in 
automobiles and job accessories 
NEW YORK.1710-1718 Broadwny 
CHICAGO *••••• 1210-1212 Michigan Ave. 
KANSAS CITY • • ■ • • 1820 Grnnd Avenue 
GUARANTEED FOR 30 YEARS 
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Station I) ELYRIA, OHIO. 
Water In Quantity 
all over your farm-house, field 
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trouble for you by 
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r water 30 feet for each foot of fall 
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RIFE ENGINE CO., 2420 Trinity Bldg. N.Y. 
Running Water on the Farm 
If there’s a spring or flowing stream where you 
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Harvey Bolster Springs 
(prevent damage to eggs, garden truck, fruits, live stoclcl 
Jon road to market. Make any wagon a spring aagon. Soon! 
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j longer—horses benefited—thousands in use—“my wagon I 
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fees 
GUARANTEED 
llVf OST durable fence w 
made. HeaviestwiresX.; 
Double galvanized. Stock' 
strong. Chicken tight. 
13 to 35c per rod. 
Sample free. We pay freight 
!The Brown Fence & Wire Co.’ 
Dept, 53 Cleveland, O. 
HARVESTER with Binder Attachment cuts 
and throws in piles on harvester or winrow. 
Man and horse cuts and shocks equal with 
a corn Binder. Sold in every State. Price 
$20.00. W. H. BUXTON, of Johnstown, Ohio, writes: 
"Tlie Harvester has proven all you claim for it; the 
Harvester saved ine over $25.00 in labor last year's 
corn cutting. I cut over 500 shocks; will make 4 bushels 
corn to a shock.” Testimonials and catalog free, show¬ 
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NEW PROCESS MFC. CO., 
CORN 
SAUNA, KANSAS 
WE BUY OLD BAGS 
Sound...3—4—5 Cents 
Torn 2—3—4 Cents 
We Pay the Freight 
IROQUOIS BUG CO. 
725 BROADWAY. BUFFALO, N. Y. 
Electric Handy Wagons 
Do away with high lifting in loading and unloading and cut 
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Steel wheels for old running gears and guarantee them to fit. If the wheels on your 
oid wagon are going to pieces, write us. We will save you money. Catalog free. Address 
Electric Wheel Co. 
Box 48, Quincy, III. 
Electric Steel Wheels 
