1912 . 
THE RURA.L, NEW-YORKER 
883 
CONTENTS 
The Rural New-Yorker, August 17, 1912. 
FARM TOPICS. 
Intensive Grass Culture. 805 
Rough-and-ready Hay Caps. 866 
The* Problem of Farm Education. 807 
Hungarian or Rye to Plow Under.... SOS 
Peas for Seed. 808 
White Welsh Onions. 808 
Weeds in the Grass. 808 
Potatoes on Newly Cleared Field. S08 
Harvesting Buckwheat .. 808 
Late Culture of Potatoes . 870 
Top-dressing and Green Manure. 870 
Cover Crop for Poor Hillside.*.. 870 
Hills of Sweet Corn and Limas. 870 
Human Hair for Fertilizer. 870 
Nitrate of Soda for Cabbage Maggot. . 870 
A Canadian Four-Horse Hitch. 871 
Poor Success With Hairy Vetch. 871 
Hope Farm Notes. 872 
Water for Irrigating. 880 
Potatoes ami Apples in Maine. 882 
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY. 
The Hothouse Lamb. 878 
Precocious Milking . 878 
Shipping Live Stock. 878 
Stiffness in Mare. 878 
The Farm Dairy in Ohio. 879 
Hog Cholera . 879 
Horses With Indigestion. 879 
Fits in Pigs. 879 
Heifer With Cancer. 879 
Railroad Rates on Empty Coops. 880 
Bloody Milk . 880 
A Horse and His Picture. 880 
Founder . 880 
Lameness . 880 
Pigs With Piles. 880 
The Egg-laying Contest . 881 
Two Hen Notes. 881 
The Hen Contest Discussed. 881 
Surplus Roosters . 881 
Trouble With Chicks. 881 
Frauds in Buying. 881 
HORTICULTURE. 
Farm Greenhouse Construction. Part II. 800 
Grape Harvesting . 807 
California Fruit Shipments. 808 
Notes on Fruit Picking. 869 
Very Expensive Deer. 871 
Floral Notes from the Central West.. 872 
Grape Root-louse . 872 
Barren Blackberries . 872 
Landscape Gardening as a Profession.. 872 
Winter Nelis Pear. 872 
Mealy Bug on Ornamental Plants.... 872 
Big Cherry Orchards. 872 
WOMAN AND THE HOME. 
From Day to Day. 870 
The Rural Patterns. 876 
Two Connecticut Recipes. 870 
Leaks . 870 
More Colorado Notes. 877 
The Staff of Life. 877 
Maple Sugar Experience Wanted. 877 
A Good Fly Killer. 877 
MISCELLANEOUS. 
Likes the English Sparrow. 80S 
Suggestions About Weights and Meas¬ 
ures . 869 
Food Investigators’ Report. 870 
Maple Borer . 870 
Mr. Roosevelt on “the Farmer”. 875 
The Slavery of Debt. 875 
The “Joker” in Legislation. 875 
The Buffalo Market Situation. 882 
Publisher’s Desk . 882 
M X I_. K. 
N. Y. Exchange price .$1.71 per 40-quart 
can, netting 3% cents in 20-cent zone. 
MARKETS 
Wholesale Prices at New York, 
Week Ending August 10, 1912. 
BDTT15R 
Creamery, fancy, lb.26 @ .27 
Good to Choice.24 @ 25 
Loner Grades .22 @ .23 
State Dairy, best.25 ® 20 
Common to Good.21 @ 21 
Factory. 19 @ 22 
Packing Stock. 18 <a .20 
Elgin, 111., butter market firm at 25 cents. 
Boston, western creamery, 27 cents. 
Philadelphia, western creamery, 27 cents. 
EGGS 
White, good to choice.29 @ .32 
Mixed Colors, best .25 @ .2fi 
Common to Good. 15 <& ]8 
Western, best. 23 @ .26 
Under grades.15 @ .17 
Checks and dirties. 10 ® .16 
CHEESE 
Full Cream, best. 15 @ ,] 5 u 
Common to Good. 11 <& .14 
Skims.04 @ .12 
BEANS 
Marrow, 100 lbs. 4.50 ® 5.40 
Medium.. 4.30 ® 4.95 . 
Pea. 4.30 @ 5.00 
Yellow Eye. 4.15 ® 4 20 
Red Kidney.3.95 ® 4.70 
White Kidney. 5.50 @ 6.20 
Lima, California.6.10 @ 6.20 
HOPS 
Prime to Choice.27 @ .29 
Common to Good.24 @ .26 
Pacific Coast.25 @ .29 
Old Stock. .10 ® .20 
German Crop. 47 @ .52 
FRESH FRDITS 
Apples—Prime, bbl. 2.25 @ 3.50 
Lower grades. 1.50 @ 1.75 
Windfalls, bbl. 73 @ 1.25 
Peaches, Southern, carrier.25 ® 2.25 
Maryland, and Del.50 ® 1,50 
Jersey, bkt.25 @ .90 
Pears-Clapp’s, bbl.4.50 ® 6.00 
Kioffer. 2.50 @ 3.00 
Le Conte.3.50 @ 5.00 
Common. 1.00 @ 3.00 
Plums, crate.50 ® 1.20 
Cherries. 8-lb. bkt.60 @ 1.00 
Gooseberries, qt.05 @ .10 
Huckleberries, qt.07 @ .16 
Blackberries, qr. .08 ® .15 
Raspberries, red, pt.06 @ .10 
BlackCap. pt.04 @ .08 
Currants, qt.03 @ .06 
Muskmelons, s’n, bu...25 @1.00 
Del. and lid., crate.50 ® 1.25 
Arizona. 1.00 ® 2.50 
Watermelons, carload.100.00 @200.00 
DRIED FRDIT8 
Apples, evap , choice, 1911.09 ® .1014 
Common to good.07 @ .08 
Chops, 100 lbs. 1.85 ® 2.00 
Raspberries.26 @ .27 
Cherries. 11 @ .13 
VEGETA III.ICS 
Potatoes—Long Island, bbl. 2.40 @ 2.60 
Southern, bbl. 1 .00 @ 25.0 
Jersey, bbl. 2 00 ® 2,(0 
Sweet Potatoes, bbl. 2.50 @ 4.00 
Beets, bbl. 1.25 @ 1.50 
Carrots, bbl. 1.25 @ 1.50 
Celery, doz. bunches. .15 @ .60 
Cucumbers, Md. and Del. bu.40 @ .60 
Nearby.50. ® .75 
Cabbage, bbl...75 ® 1.00 
Lettuce, Is-bbl. bkt.20 @ .50 
Sweet corn, Jersey, 100 .50 @ 2.00 - 
Lima beaus, Jersey.75 ® 2.25 
Onions. Jersey, bu.60 @ 1.00 
Long Island, bbl. 1.75 @ 2.00 
Orange Co., 100 lb. bag. 1.00 @ 1.25 
Peppers, Jersey, bbl . 1.00 ® 1.50 
Peas. Western N. Y., bu.75 ® 2.25 
Radishes, 100 bunches. 1.00 ® 1.25 
String Beans, bn.50 @ 1.50 
Squash, bbl.40 ® 1.25 
Egg Plants, Southern, bbl. 1.00 @ 1.25 
Jersey, bkt.60 @ .90 
Tomatoes. Maryland and Del., crate, -40 @ .90 
Jersey, box.50 @ 1.50 
LIVE POULTRY 
Broilers, lb.13 @ .20 
Fowls.13 ® .14 
Roosters.10 @ .I0J6 
Ducks.12 @ .14 
Geese. 10 ® .11 
Turkeys.13 ® .14 
Guineas, pair.50 @ .60 
DRESSED POULTRY 
Turkeys, best.22 ® .23 
Common to Good. 14 @ .20 
Chickens, choice broilers, lb.25 ® .26 
Broilers, common to good.22 @ .24 
Roasters. .22 ® %24 
Fowls.14 @ .17 
Ducks, Spring, lb .18 @ .18^ 
Squabs, doz.50 @ 3.75 
HAY AND STRAW 
Hay, Timothy No. 1, ton.24.00 ® 26.00 
No. 2 . 20.00 @ 23.00 
No. 0 .17.00 ® 19.00 
Clover Mixed. 16.00 ® 22 00 
Straw, Rye.18.00 ® 20.00 
Oat and Wheat.7.00 ® 8.00 
LIVE STOCK 
Native Steers, 100 lbs.5.25 @ 9.00 
Bulls.4.25 ® 6.75 
Cows. 2.50 ® 6.50 
Calves, Prime Veal, 100 lbs.8.00 @10.50 
Culls. 5.00 ® 7.00 
Sheep, 100 lbs.3.00 ® 4.50 
Lambs. 6.50 ® 8.25 
Hogs.7.75 @8.75 
GRAIN 
Wheat, No. 1, Northern Spring. 1.03 ® ... 
No. 2, Red..'.. 1.08 ® ... 
No. 2 Hard Winter. 1.03 @ ... 
Corn, as to quality, bush.75 @ .85 
Oats, as to weight, bush.58 @ .60 
COTTON 
New York Middling Upland. 12.50 
Middling Gulf. 12.75 
New Orleans, Low Middling. 11.90 
Good Middling. 13.00 
WOOL 
NewYork Fleeces, Fine, unwashed. 21 ® .22 
Ohio half blood combing.29 ® .30 
Kentucky, three-eighths blood.29 ® .30 
Michigan, halt' blood.27 @ .28 
COMING FARMERS’ MEETINGS. 
- Summer meeting of the Ohio State Horti¬ 
cultural Society, Wooster, o., August 10. 
Hardin County, Ohio, Fair, Kenton, O., 
August “0-24. 
Ohio State Fair, Columbus, August 20-31. 
Hartford, Conn., Fair, September 2. 
Lewiston. Maine, Fair, September 2-5. 
Red Bank, N. J., September 2-5. 
Indiana State Fair, Indianapolis, Septem¬ 
ber 2-6. 
West Virginia Fair, Wheeling, .September 
2 - 6 . 
Connecticut Fair, Hartford, 
2-7. 
September 
Vegetable growers’ Association of Amer¬ 
ica, annual meting, Rochester, N. Y., Sep¬ 
tember 4, 5 iiud 0. 
New York State Fair, Syracuse, Septem¬ 
ber 8-14. 
Dog River Valley Fair, Northfield, Vt„ 
Sept. 9-11. 
West Michigan Fair, Grand Rapids, Sep¬ 
tember 9-13. 
Wisconsin Fair, Milwaukee, September 
10-14. 
Detroit. Mich.. Fair, September 10-21. 
White River Junction, Vt„ Fair, Septem¬ 
ber 1 7-20. 
Illinois Fair, Springfield, October 4-12. 
Hagerstown, Md.. Fair, October 15-18. 
International Dry Farming Congress, 
Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada. Congress of 
Farm Women, beginning October 21. 
National Dairy Show, Chicago, October 
24-November 2. 
Massachusetts Fruit Show, under aus¬ 
pices of State Board of Agriculture and 
Massachusetts' Fruit Growers’ Association, 
Horticultural Hall, Boston, Mass., Novem¬ 
ber 7-10. 
Iudiaua Apple Show, Lafayette, Novem¬ 
ber 13-19; secretary, C. G. Woodbury, La¬ 
fayette, Did. 
International Live Stock, Chicago, No¬ 
vember 30-December 7. 
How Are Prices Fixed ? 
Wliat do you expect to make out of all 
these reports of retail prices and attempts 
to change market conditions? Do you not 
know that prices are fixed by supply and 
demand? j. l. s. 
No—we do not know any such thing. We 
know they are not “fixed” in that way. 
We have seen potatoes bring $1 per bushel 
at the railroad station. A year or two 
later they brought 20 cents, yet the prices 
charged to the city consumer were much 
the same. We have known a bumper crop 
of wheat with little or no drop in price of 
flour or bran. Is there anyone simple 
enough to suppose that retail prices of meat 
are determined by supply and demand of 
live stock? Prices are determined by the 
transporters and handlers. They take all 
they can get, and the more they keep pro¬ 
ducer and consumer apart the larger share 
they take out. We keep up this talk of 
retail prices and actual receipts because 
we know that is the way to make the pro¬ 
ducers think. It is like dropping water 
upon a stone—a slow process but mighty 
sure. Let us have all such figures you can 
find. 
Dairying is one of the main industries 
in this community, and the farmers sell 
their milk to creameries and milk shipping 
stations. At present they are getting from 
$1.40 to $1.50 per 100 pounds for their 
milk, from 22 to 25 cents per dozen for 
eggs, and about 12 cents per pound for old 
chickens. Wheat. 95 cents to $1; rye, 75 to 
80 cents; corn, 80 cents; oats, 40 cents. 
Barto, Pa. s. n. n. 
Wall-Board for Plastering. 
B. J. B. on page 778 asks for experience 
in using wall board in place of lath and 
plaster for a residence. I can give a hum¬ 
orous one. A young man of our acquaint¬ 
ance decided to use one of the wall boards; 
by so doing could reduce labor bill. After 
finishing he entertained a man from Pough¬ 
keepsie. This man was seated in a rocking 
chair, and our friend in fun, made a dive 
for him. The man tried to dodge him, and 
fell over backward, through the wall board 
into the next room. The cottage is sheathed 
up now. dairyman’s wife, 
Massachusetts. 
When you write advertisers mention Tub 
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a 
“sauare deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
POSITION—$65 PER MONTH 
New house and big garden for good butter maker 
who knows how to feed and look after a herd. No 
stable work. Creamery small but new and eompleto. 
An excellent chance for the right man. Open Sept, 
1. Write at once to KOI,LIN BATTEN. Deep 
Spring Farms, Walpeck Center, N. .J. 
VOIING MAN with a good knowledge of poultry, 
IUUI 1 U IY1HI1 wants a position. R. W., care R. N.-Y. 
T have such wall board on my garage 
walls where it is very satisfactory, but 
I know of a person using same for house 
walls and it bulged and warped to look 
rather bad. The dealer allowed rebate on 
bill, as it was guaranteed to lie smooth. 
Claremont, N. H. A. a. l. 
We used tlie kind of board B. ,T. B. de¬ 
scribed, and find it very satisfactory. It is 
moisture proof, cold and heat proof, fire¬ 
proof and lightning proof, as we have 
proved. Our house was struck this month 
by lightning, and where it tore the paper 
loose in our kitchen, the board was not even 
scorched, a. a. k. 
Pennsylvania. 
BUYING GRAIN ON A CHANCE. 
Would it be safe for a farmer to buy 
corn or other grain in large quantities by 
the grade quoted by a grain exchange? Do 
such grades stand for anything definite? On 
the whole, would it pay a farmer to take 
the chances and buy grain ill this way? 
Can we not have reports from those who 
have tried it? several readers. 
The grades of grain which are sold by 
the large boards of trade are definite. Num¬ 
ber one means a certain grade, and will 
carry to some extent the authority of the 
exchange on which the grade is made. There 
are controversies regarding such gradiug, 
and occasionally an inspector is found who 
makes a mistake or is dishonest. Such 
things would injure the reputation of any 
board of trade, and they would not be 
common, so that it would be reasonably 
safe to buy in this way. After you receive 
the grain, in case you arc not satisfied with 
it and you felt it fell below the grade, you 
would probably find it necessary to have 
another inspection made by some grain 
official from another exchange. Ills deci¬ 
sion would have to be used as evidence in 
settling the difference. There is no reason 
why grain for future delivery should not 
be bought by farmers, provided they are 
ready to risk and tie up their capital or 
their credit. The dealers often take such 
chances on the grain market. Fortunes 
have been made through a rise in the price, 
and they have also been lost when the price 
went down. A farmer or inexperienced 
buyer would be at a disadvantage since 
be would have no inside information about 
the future of the market. Formerly the 
size of the coming crop had more to do 
with prices, but the theory of supply and 
demand does not work out under present 
trade conditions. Again, an inexperienced 
buyer takes a risk in such dealing. lie is 
likely to deal with men who. while tech¬ 
nically honest, are always looking for the 
best end of the bargain, and they know 
more about the future than the buyer can 
hope to. lie may, however, strike a thor¬ 
oughly honest dealer. Some of our readers 
tell us that in buying for the future and 
laying in a large supply of graiu ahead, 
they take the risk of a turn in the prices, 
and also of loss from storage. Some of 
them report considerable saving in this 
way, while others say nothing when ap¬ 
proached, and it is probable they lost 
money. \Ve should like to have plain re¬ 
ports from those who have tried this plan 
of buying, hut we could hardly expect to 
obtain full reports, for those who have 
met with success might not care to give 
their system away," while those who have 
lost might not care to advertise their failure. 
National Insurance and English Farm-, 
ebs. —Great opposition to the new National 
Insurance Act has developed among British 
farmers. IiOudon Farm and Home states 
that many agriculturists, are determined to 
adopt the policy of passive resistance, farm¬ 
ers and laborers declining to pay the con¬ 
tributions. Some of their recent meetings 
in Lincolnshire, Berkshire, Staffordshire, 
Gloucestershire, and parts of Scotland have 
been very emphatic. Rarely has any meas¬ 
ure aroused such opposition, and even those 
who regret the attitude taken up feel that 
the circumstances in which the Act was 
forced through Parliament are sufficiently 
provocatory to explain, even if they do not 
justify, the objections. At a meeting in 
Wales it was asserted that the Act means 
an additional tax to farmers of £1,600,000, 
or sixpence on every acre of arable land. 
An Insurance Defense League formed at 
Reading quickly enrolled 3.000 farmers. At 
a meeting of the Gloucestershire Farmers’ 
Union it was proposed that the farmers 
present should refuse to be unpaid collectors 
under Government of their employees’ con¬ 
tributions under the Act. An amendment 
was suggested to substitute the word “ob¬ 
ject” in place of “refuse.” but the majority 
was against this. The more strongly worded 
resolution was carried by a very large ma¬ 
jority. 
Hay has sold at $22 to $28 per ton. cows 
from $40 to $80; silage $0.50 per ton; a 
good variety of oats at $1 per bushel. Ma¬ 
nure from livery stables $1 per load of 
about a ton. Some ashes have been used as 
a fertilizer with good results, delivered at 
station here at $13.50 per ton. At Bordens 
the price paid for milk is $1.45 per 100 
pounds for August, with 10 cents addi¬ 
tional if score is 08 or more, but few of the 
patrons get the premium. Fat veal calves 
nine cents per pound, live weight; lambs, 
eight cents per pound: eggs 26 cents a 
dozen. The prospect for apples is light in 
this town compared with last year, but 
we have about 100 barrels on an orchard of 
250 trees. c. h. d. 
Dutchess Co., N. Y. 
CINGLE MAM—"' >er, desires farm experience. 'Willing to work. 
0 No harvesting, hut steady job. Good all round mechanic and 
electrician. GKO. HI. t.NSKM,, ii't Vermilyea Ave.,Now York, N.Y. 
H erdsman Wants Position, atpresent doing CowTesting 
and Advance Registry, single young man,experi¬ 
enced, references. Woodruff, Sparks, Baltimore Co., Md. 
WANTFfl BV 0CT0BER 1.1912- Experienced man and 
liHll I lli wife to manage farm; man as working 
foreman; lady to do housework. -State salary and 
reference. Address, Maplevale Farm, Litchfield, Conn. 
WANTFI!—Sept. 1st, Herdsman, single, experi- 
11 nil I LL) enced. Certified Milk Farm, purebred 
Holsteins—Jerseys, 125 head. Manage 4 men. Give 
references, experience, wages wanted with room and 
board, and whether could visit farm, in first letter. 
RARITAN VALLEY FARMS, SOMERVILLE, NEW JERSEY 
DO YOU NEED FARM HELP ? 
The Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid So¬ 
ciety lias on its lists men wishing to obtain em¬ 
ployment on farms. Many of them are without 
experience. They are able-bodied and willing to 
work. If you can make use of such help, please 
communicate with us. stating what wages you will 
pay, whether the work is permanent, and whether 
you prefer a single or a married man, with or with¬ 
out experience. Ours is a philanthropic organiza¬ 
tion whose object is to assist and encourage Jewish 
Immigrants to become farmers. We charge no 
commission to .employer or employee. Address 
FARM LABOR BUREAU, 178 Second Avenue, New York City. 
04 APRF^~$1,200. 10 miles to Warren. Write for 
HUllLO description. L. ABELL, Cortland, Ohio. 
10 R A ftRCC— nine-room house, two basement 
HVIltO barns: $700 worth of Timber as it 
stands; *2 mile to school; 4 miles to railroad town. 
Plenty fruit. M ust go quick. $1,700. $700 cash; bal¬ 
ance. time. Hall’s Farm Aoency, 1300 Lake St., Elmira, N.Y. 
WANT TO EXCHANfiE-feM ** S 
as payment, or part payment, for a farm in South or 
Central Jersey. Property would rent for $28 or $30 per 
month. Address, Room 709, Terminal Bid., Hoboken, N J 
MINNESOTA crop! 
ood markets. Land cheap, but 
. Literature and information 
J. MAXEIELD. State Immigra- 
, 202 State Capitol, St.Paul.Minu. 
SEE THE CROPS GROWING 
on this farm of 64 acres located one mile from rail¬ 
road town. Land lies levol and in high sti „e of 
cultivation, grow anything; 10 acres of wood and 
timber; fine 11 -room house in good repair; largo 
yard well shaded: good barn; all kinds of fruit. 
Price, $4,000 : one-half down. THE KILLINGS 
FAliM AGENCY, Apalachin, New York 
COME TO 
Plenty rainfall. G 
advancing rapidly 
FREE. Write H., 
tion Commissioner 
WANTEDS21S2LEGH0RN PULLETS 
Must be thoroughbred, early and healthy. Give full 
particulars. HARRY Y. JOHNSON, R. 2, Fleininalou, N. J. 
Eggs, Poultry, Meats, Produce. 
Shipments solicited. JELUFFE, WRIGHT i CO., Com¬ 
mission Merchants, 284 Washington St.,New York. 
BUTTER Etc. 
# value a 
Direct to neat trade In Greater 
Now York. It market 
) and account sales day ofarrtval. 
Refer to Rural New-Yorker, Dun’s or Bradstieet’a. 
Zenith Butter & Euo Co., 355-59 Greenwich St., N.Y. 
0 EO. P. HAMMOND. EST. 1875. PRANK W. GODWIN 
GEO. P. HAMMOND & CO., 
Commission Merchants and Dealers in all kinds of 
COUNTKY PKOOUCE, Apples, Peaches, Ber 
ries Butter, Eggs, Cheese, Poultry. Mushrooms 
aud Hot house Products a Specialty. Consignments 
solicited. 34 & 3G Little lJitli St.. New York. 
Highest prices guaranteed for White or Brown 
Leghorns or mixed eggs. Also high grade butter. 
Write us for information. A trial willcouviuce you 
of our ability to obtain extreme prices. Address 
JOHNSTONE & COUGHLAN, 
164 Duane Street, : : New York 
HANDY BINDER 
TUST the thing for preserving files of 
The Rural New-Yorker. Durable 
and cheap. Sent postpaid for 25 cents. 
‘The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
409 Pearl Street New York City 
Three Excellent Books 
Swine in Amorim by F. 2 ). Cobum. Full 
owme in America description of breeds, 
methods of handling, diseases, etc.; 600 pages, 
many illustrations. Price.$3.50 
Milk and Its Products ^stf n.&d 
work on this subject; 300 pages. Price..$1.50 
Tko HnrcA by Isaac P. Roberts. In this 
ine norSc wov ^ Pi-of. Roberts has given a 
concise history of the various breeds, methods 
of breakiug, feed and general care; 400 pages; 
many illustrations. Price.$1.»5 
All These Books THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
Are For Sale Bu 409 PEARL ST., NEW YORK CITY 
GRAY’S 
THRESHERS,GASOLINE ENGINES. HiflllPSt 
HORSE POWERS, ENSILAGE CUT- “ M 
ters, and wood saws. Grade 
Send today foi 40-page illuskated catalog, free. A. W. Gray’* Son*. 14 South St, Middletown Springs. Vt. 
