1912. 
THE KURAb NEW-YORKER 
©OU 
Trouble With Eggplants. 
E. T., Sandy Spring, Md. —What is the 
trouble with my eggplants? They grew 
finely and were most flourishing until a few 
days ago when yellow splotches .appeared in 
the leaves and they wilted so that 1 took 
them off. 1 had sprayed with Bordeaux 
and arsenate of lead, and I see no sign of 
fungus growth. I have often had the same 
trouble, but sometimes under the same 
treatment they succeed well. 
Axs.—Eggplant is of the same family 
as the potato, and is subject to blight, 
same as the potato. They become af¬ 
fected very readily in sections where 
large acreages of potatoes are grown. 
The treatment in all cases should be 
the same as for potato blight. Treat¬ 
ment must commence early and con¬ 
tinue every 10 days or so on the young 
growth during the entire growing sea¬ 
son; after the plants become infected 
with the blight fungus spraying is of 
very little avail, as the fungus works 
within the leaves, and the remedy can¬ 
not reach it. Fungicides are preventives 
only, not a cure. K. ' 
Green Winter Cabbage. 
J. B., Oreanport, N. J. —1. Can you recom¬ 
mend a variety of small-headed cabbage, 
other than Savoy, that will hold its green 
color throughout the Winter? .Ml the vari¬ 
eties 1 have grown blanch white when 
stored out of doors. Is there is no variety 
that will remain green when stored out of 
<ioors? is there any other way of storing 
that will have the desired result? 2. Have 
any of your readers ever tried storing beets, 
carrots, turnips, etc., iu barrels tilled with 
dry. dead leaves? The plan lias been rec¬ 
ommended as a good oue where only small 
quantities are to be stored. 
Ans.—I do not know of any smooth¬ 
leaved variety that will not blanch white 
when stored in the usual way. I have 
kept cabbages in good condition np to 
January 15 stored in leaves, without los¬ 
ing the green color; I do not know how 
much longer it would have kept, as I 
used up my entire supply by middle of 
January. 1 first placed a layer of leaves 
about a foot thick on the barn floor, in 
November, pulled the cabbage up root 
and all, and placed them side by side 
head down, leaves just touching, then 
covered the whole lot with forest leaves 
15 to 18 inches deep. I have kept them 
the last two seasons in this way and 
found it very satisfactory. K. 
Potatoes Run to Tops. 
.1. 0 tare go, N. Y. —Can you tell me 
the trouble with my potatoes and what to 
<m for them? They are all tops and no 
tubers. They were heavily fertilized with 
hen manure. I would like to change the 
i . tuiv of land so 1 can grow turnips there 
this Fall. 
Axs.—This is another case of too 
much nitrogen. The hen manure is a 
rcing fertilizer; that is, it contains an 
c cess of nitrogen in proportion to the 
potash and phosphoric acid. This 
nitrogen is the element which forces 
growth, and when used to excess the 
vines and stems make a prolonged 
growth at the expense of tuber organs. 
This means late maturity and frost 
usually kills the crop before it is fit. 
The remedy is to use potash and phos¬ 
phoric acid to “balance” the nitrogen. 
This can be done by broadcasting a 
mixture of three parts acid phosphate 
to one part muriate of potash. It is 
now too late to obtain much benefit in 
this year's potato crop. The chemicals 
should have been used last Spring. 
These chemicals will, however, help the 
turnips. 
Hill or Level Culture for Onions. 
<\ If. J}., Montclair, A 7 . J .—I would like 
Hie opinion from some one experienced in 
tbo cultivation of onions as to whether 
they ought to be hilled up or not. From 
my own experience I have always noticed 
the largest onions on top of the ground, but 
a neighbor of mine says thev do best hilled 
up. 
Axs.—In cultivating onions J always 
draw the earth from them as they be¬ 
gin to bottom, for the bulbs always 
form best on the surface with only the 
roots in the soil. In planting onion sets in 
Hie Fall for Spring use as green onions 
1 plant in well-fertilized beds raised 
somewhat above the surface, and Set the 
-ets rather deeply in these ridges as a 
Winter protection. Then it is easy to 
pull the soil away from them in the 
Spring, as they will then be on the sur¬ 
face. In growing the Prizetaker onion 
Torn transplanted plants grown from 
February-sown seed under glass, I trim 
he roots and top both slightly and set 
the plants on a shallow line marked 
out on well-prepared soil in row= 16 
inches apart and three inches in the 
rows, and barely cover the little bulbs 
so that they will naturally come on the 
surface in cultivation. The Southport 
and ellow Dat\vers Globe onions that 
I grow from Spring-sown seed in the 
open ground I sow in similar rows shal¬ 
lowly on slightly raised beds and draw 
the soil irom them, too, as they begin 
to bottom. Milling up will make more 
thick neck scallions than growing on 
the surface. w. f. mafvey. 
MARKETING TIME ON A SOUTH JERSEY 
TRUCK FARM. 
Part II. 
Eggplants. —Another crop that is going 
to do well for us this year is eggplants. We 
have a small plot of a little over two acres 
(aliout 4,500 bills), and to date with a 
long cutting season still ahead, have sold 
9S6 baskets. The lowest price received 
was 40 cents for a few baskets, the highest 
$1.15, and net returns thus far is .$570. 
I hesitate in giving these figures for fear 
some of the back-to-the-landers will go egg¬ 
plant crazy. I will say, however, that this 
year the yield is excellent, and it comes 
just at a time when prices have never been 
better, but lest some think eggplant grow¬ 
ing an easy road to wealth I will add that 
we have been growing eggplants for a num¬ 
ber of years; sometimes there lias been a 
crop failure, sometimes there has been a 
splendid crop when we have been glad to 
dispose of them at 20 cents a barrel of five 
baskets, but at all times they have been 
finite difficult to grow and much more ex¬ 
alting as to care and treatment than either 
tomatoes or peppers. 
Squash and Peppers. —Now all crops 
are not panning out as above. We have a 
good squash patch, but it is late. This 
week we had 94 baskets. These were sent 
to a commission house in Chester and sold 
for 10 cents a basket. Freight and com¬ 
mission was five cents, our returns were five 
cents. There is nothing in those figures 
that would indicate a get-rich-quick scheme, 
butj nevertheless some growers have made a 
fair profit from their squashes. They had 
them early when squashes were $1 a bas¬ 
ket. got off several at that figure and don’t 
care now if they have to let them grow for 
hog feed. We got few early squashes, and 
ours have not been very profitable. The 
same is true of peppers; we have them now 
when the price is low, hut early when ft 
was high we did not have them. Some 
growers had early peppers and will do 
nearly if not quite as well as we will from 
eggplants. But even if these crops are not 
profitable this year we have seen where we 
can make some improvement iu our method 
of growing them another year, so as to have 
them earlier and perhaps more profitable. 
The peppers were sown too late in the hot¬ 
house and not given good growing condi¬ 
tions before going iu the field. Next year 
we can improve on that. Squashes were 
planted entirely too late. Wo have no early 
cantaloupes this year, because we did not 
get enough soil over the manure when mak¬ 
ing up the hill. Next year we can look out 
for that. And so it goes on down the 
line. One crop is a success, and we think 
we see some reasons why it is a success, 
another is a failure and we try to learn 
why. 
Cover Crops. —One thing brought out 
more clearly this year than ever before, and 
one that applies to all truckers, is the great 
value of cover crops. This is a sandy soil, 
and rye is the principal crop for this pur¬ 
pose, because it is more sure than some 
others. A few fields that have had a rye 
cover crop during the Winter, for the last 
few years, are constancy improving, and 
the effect of the rye can very easily be seen 
in the crops. This year it is pl rner than 
ever. Just as soon as tomatoes are gone 
we will plow and sow rye; about 1% bush¬ 
els to the acre. We also sow it at rhe last 
cultivation of such crops as peppers, egg¬ 
plants, bush Limas, sweet corn, etc. After 
watermelons and cantaloupes are gone the 
ground will be cut. harrowed and sown in 
rye. Rye will also he sown after sweet 
potaoes are dug, and it will grow all righr, 
even if they should not get out until Octo¬ 
ber 20. Some argue that cover crops r.re 
a disadvantage where cutworms are trouble¬ 
some Imt wc have not found that true of 
rye. Cutworms are here, hut they are not 
one hit more injurious after a rye cover 
crop than where the ground is left hare. 
When they are troublesome in the Spring, 
either after rye or bare ground, we get 
after them with poisoned bran, and that 
knocks them. 
Bust Time. —From now until frost wo 
will he busy enough marketing all .kinds 
of farm produce, gathering rough hay and 
cultivating crops. There will he quite a 
lot of watermelons, cantaloupes, Lima 
beans, string beans, peppers, late tomatoes, 
sugar corn, etc., but after early tomatoes 
are off the principal remaining crop to mar¬ 
ket will he sweet potatoes. Sweets are 
largely planted throughout this section, and 
by September they will he leaving here by 
the carload and trainload. Already some 
of the early growers are moving their crop. 
The yield on the best plots is now 1 % to 
two five-eighths bushel baskets to the hun¬ 
dred hills. This yield is nowhere near 
what it would be if the potatoes were left 
to mature, hut at the present price of $1 
to $1.25 a basket, the returns are $15 to $20 
or better a thousand hills, and almost anv 
grower will let them go at those figures. 
Sweets dug early are seldom barreled. They 
are sold in baskets to Philadelphia or near¬ 
by markets, or else packed in hampers hold¬ 
ing about two baskets and shipped to New 
York. Later in September when the 
weather is cooler, dealers commence buying 
and paek in barrels for shipment to all 
parts of the United States. In making 
prices, these dealers are governed by the 
shape and color of the potatoes. They 
desire a short, chunky, not over large, bright 
skinned potato. The best colored potatoes 
go in as “gilt edge” stock. As many of the 
potatoes grown in the light sandy soil of 
this portion of South Jersey are bright col¬ 
ored. the dealers in cooperation with grow¬ 
ers have managed to establish quite a repu¬ 
tation in the various markets for “Swedes- 
boro Fancy Sweets.” The brand helps to 
sell the product. The general outlook for 
a big crop of sweets in this section this 
year is not encouraging. There are very 
few good fi“lds and the stem rot has 
wrought fearful havoc on many farms. They 
may however turn out better at digging time 
than present appearances would indicate. 
It is to be hoped they will, for sweets are 
one of the “standby” crops for light land 
farmers. trucker. ,tr. 
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