1912. 
THE RURAE NEW-YORKER 
9l» 
M I JLn li 
K. Y. Exchange price $1.71 per 40-quart 
can, netting 3% cents in 26-cent zone. 
The Minneapolis Press has the following 
remarkable milk item : 
“Can rain pouring on the backs of a herd 
of cows cause the milk to contain 15 per 
cent water? ‘It can,’ said three dealers, 
charged with selling adulterated milk, in 
district court yesterday. ’It cannot,’ said 
the judge, who fined the defendants each 
$25. Health department officers testified 
that an analysis showed the product sold by 
the dealers to contain an undue proportion 
of water. The dealers said that maybe it 
did. but that it was the fault of nature 
in sending too much rain, which found its 
way into the cow's milk by some unex¬ 
plained process.” 
A VALUABLE DAIRY BULLETIN. 
The Stores Agricultural Experiment Sta¬ 
tion of Connecticut has recently sent out a 
bulletin entitled “Records of a Dairy Herd 
for Five Years.” It is written by Prof. 
.1. M. Trueman, the dairy husbandman of 
the station. For real rock bottom facts it 
should be an eye-opener to many farmers 
throughout the country. 
The station herd, consisting of about 30 
cows of milking age, has been carefully 
managed for the past five years, with the 
object in view of finding out exactly how 
much it cost to produce milk and butter, 
and how much profit or loss there was in 
the dairy business. The herd is composed 
of about one-third Jerseys, one-fifth IIol- 
steins. one-fifth Guernseys and a few Ayr- 
shires. all purebred. Half a dozen grade 
Holsteins make up the total number. These 
cows have been fed a standard ration of 
35 pounds of silage, 12 pounds mixed bay 
and two pounds each of bran, cornmeal, 
gluten and cotton-seed meal. It is just 
about what many of the more up-to-date 
dairymen are feeding. The average cost of 
the grain fed to each cow for the five years 
was $74.06. This was charging the com¬ 
mercial grains at $30 per ton, hay at. $16, 
and silage at $4 a ton. The pasture was 
charged at the rate of $10 a cow for each 
year outside of the grain and roughage fed. 
This makes a total of $84.06 a cow for 
feed. Although many farmers do not real¬ 
ize the full amount of their feed bill, the 
cost of maintenance outside of feeding is 
the really surprising point in this bulle¬ 
tin. The progress of arriving at a fair and 
accurate figure for this maintenance seems 
to be worthy of thought for every dairy- 
mau. The bedding cost was $5 per year. 
The keep of a bull for the herd amounted 
to $3. Tfc.§_ actual labor cost was $33 a 
year. Interest on money invested in cow 
and barn was $6.75; taxes, $1.25, insur¬ 
ance, 40 cents. Depreciation on each cow 
per year actually amounted to $13. Inci¬ 
dentals, such as ice. medicines, etc., were 
another $2. These several items make the 
total come up to $65. 
That the cost for keeping a cow one year 
outside of food consumed will be as high 
as this figure will be denied by many 
farmers. A close reading of this bulletin, 
however, will do anybody some good. 
Nothing was done in the management of 
the herd that is not absolutely necessary 
on every farm producing milk in a sani¬ 
tary condition. Every single item of ex¬ 
pense is charged, however, and right there 
is how the amount totals up so high. No¬ 
body knows how many farmers work year 
after year feeding unprofitable cows and 
make a living simply because they put no 
value on their own or their families’ time. 
Another point of interest is that Prof. 
Trueman denies the truth of the oft-re- 
peated statement that a cow’s manure pays 
far the labor required to keep her. These 
cows produced manure of which the aver¬ 
age yearly value was only $13.50. 
Now with these figures before us of 
average food cost $84 and maintenance 
other than feeding $65, let us see what 
these cows did. They gave an average 
yearly production of 6378.7 pounds of milk 
testing 4.4 per cent butter fat, or they 
would have preduced an average of 324 
pounds of butter a year if the milk had all 
been used for making butter. These figure.* 
show that with this herd of cows much 
above the average farm herd and allowing 
815 to each cow a year for her manure and 
a calf, there was an average loss of over 
$10 a year on each cow kept when the 
milk was sold at the door wholesale for 
four cents a quart. With butter at 30 
cents a pound, if all milk had been used 
for this purpose, the loss would have been 
heavier. If the milk was sold at five cents 
a quart there was the small average yearly 
gain of about $20 on each cow. 
In this herd, the same as in all herds, 
it was found there was a wide difference 
in individuals. The greatest annual net 
profit above all mentioned expenses was 
made by a Holstein heifer. If this cow’s 
milk had been sold at five cents a quart 
during the last three years of the test she 
would have averaged $78.93 profit for her 
owner a year. If her milk had been made 
into butter, however, and this sold at 30 
cents a pound, she would have proved a 
failure as a profit maker. One Jersey made 
a_net profit from this butter source oI 
355.60 one year. Several cows showed an 
average loss from the butter standpoint of 
$20 to $30 a year. One cow showed a 
profit from milk at four cents a quart one 
year of $22. Two years later she showed 
a loss of over $60 from the same source. 
Several cows showed losses as high as $40 
or $50 when their milk sold at five cents 
a quart. Such cows were of course not 
kept in. the herd another year. At the 
completion of the five years there were 
only six of the original herd in the test. 
This shows the weeding that was done to 
get rid of the unprofitable ones as well as 
the natural decrease of the herd. These 
six cows show an average yearly profit 
from their milk at five cents per quart of 
•$80 for each year of the test. 
To my mind such a record as this should 
induce every farmer keeping cows to find 
out for himself what each animal is doing. 
Should an able-bodied man be willing to 
keep and care for a cow a whole year for 
$13 worth of manure? I am afraid too 
many are doing it. To the dairyman who 
already runs his business so he knows 
these things such a record should urge him 
to strive harder to improve his herd 
through breeding. The average of the off¬ 
spring can be no higher than the average 
of the parents. This is a maxim. Only by 
breeding the very best cows to a bull of 
the finest breeding obtainable will the aver¬ 
age production of the farm herds be raised 
sufficiently to make dairying a really profit¬ 
able business. a. l. clark. 
SUCCULENT FEEDS. 
Part II. 
Next in importance after silage for suc- 
culency, comes the root crop. While the 
feeding content in the ordinary root crop 
is rather low, if one judges by the strict 
analysis given in the feeding standards, 
nevertheless they are relished so much by 
the animals, their effect seems to be so 
beneficial to the health, and they assimilate 
the other foods so perfectly in the diges¬ 
tive organs, that their feeding value is 
very much greater .than the percentage 
stated in feeding standards, and leads one 
to think the secret is succulency and pala¬ 
tal lility. 
For the dairyman’s use, probably the 
best root crop to raise is the mangel 
wurzel beet, because of the tremendous 
tonnage which can be produced upon an 
acre—1.000 bushels at least- and the fur¬ 
ther fact that the plant grows well up 
out of the ground, hence is easily and 
cheaply handled. It is also a perfect keeper, 
and will remain fresh and crisp until the 
following Spring. While the cost of rais¬ 
ing a crop of beets, ton for ton, is larger 
than for silage, still it should bo pro¬ 
duced for $3.50 per ton and 30 to 40 tons 
per acre is not an uncommon yield. Tur¬ 
nips may be easily and cheaply raised, and 
large quantities secured by sowing the seed 
along the rows between the hills of corn. 
For early Winter feeding they do very well 
for a succulent ration if fed. moderately, 
but fed in large quantities they are apt to 
affect the flavor of the milk. They are 
excellent for sheep, but do not keep well for 
late Winter or Spring feeding. 
Cabbage makes a very satisfactory suc¬ 
culent ration for the dairy and will in¬ 
crease the flow of milk while fed, but it 
is not believed that this crop can be raised 
to advantage for that purpose alone. The 
crop is too expensive, it requires too much 
room for storage, and the tonnage per acre 
is not generally so satisfactory as either 
silage or mangel wurzel beets. If raised, 
however, with the purpose of selling when 
the market is good and feeding when the 
price is low, the crop will return a fair 
profit, one year with another. 
Winter feed for horses should hi' varied 
and frequently changed, and should al¬ 
ways contain some form of succulency. No 
better Winter food can he furnished to the 
horse (along with his ration of hay and 
grain) than carrots. He enjoys them ex¬ 
ceedingly, and they seem to have a food 
value (for him) far in advance of what 
might be expected from a study of their 
feeding values as given in feeding stand¬ 
ards. To illustrate, a horse will do more 
work, have better health and more energy, 
if fed upon six quarts of oats and six 
quarts of cut Carrots per day, than if fed 
upon 12 quarts of oats without other suc¬ 
culent food, and the cost of the ration 
would be reduced by, at least, one-third. 
But above all the questions which con¬ 
front the dairyman is the item of ex¬ 
pense. Fan he afford to furnish a succu¬ 
lent ration to his dairy, and will he re¬ 
ceive a suitable return? The experience 
of the writer convinces him that the dairv- 
man can afford to do nothing else. To 
illustrate, here is a home-made balanced 
ration for a dairy cow giving 20 pounds of 
milk : 
20 
30 
30 
o 
Dry Matter 
rounds. 
clover. . . . 16.94 
corn silage 7.68 
mangels. . 2.73 
buckwheat 
V <11 UIM1 \ 
lbs. 
lbs. 
lbs. 
lbs. .. 
middlings.... 1.764 
l* Pro¬ 
d rates 
tein. 
and fat. 
Pounds. 
Pounds. 
1.476 
8.444 
.363 
5.962 
.309 
1.769 
.446 
1.002 
2.594 
17.177 
$14, silage at $2. 
29.114 
With clover valued at 
beets at $4, and bnckw 
$20 per ton, this ration 
cents. 
If no mangels are raised and no s 
used, the ration, in order to be of i 
same feeding value, might be made up 
follows: 
15 lbs. clover at $14 per ton. 
10 lbs. corn fodder at $10 per ton. 
3 lbs. corn meal at $30 per ton... 
3 lbs. wheat bran at $26 per ton. 
2 lbs. gluten meal at $32 per ton. 
middlings 
would cost 
$. 
Total. $.271 
In feeding the purchased ration there is 
a direct loss of over two cents for each 
cow fed, hut a much greater loss is sure 
to follow in denying them the succulent 
food so necessary to secure good health, 
good digestion and a continuous flow of 
milk during the Winter months. And 
worst of all, it takes the larger part of 
the milk check to pay the feed man at the 
end of the month. 
To sum up the whole matter, it mav be 
said that every consideration requires that 
the farmer should furnish to his animals 
some succulent food. The health of the 
animals requires it; the present, almost pro¬ 
hibitive cost of grain demands it. and if 
he is to keep up with the procession, the 
conditions will compel it. 
JOHN' M’r.KN’N'AN'. 
When you write advertisers mention Thb 
II. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a 
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
SHETLAND PONIES 
An nnceaaing umiri-e of plensnre anil robnat hcaliti tochfldron. 
8«f„ an.l Meal playmates. Inexpensive to keep. Highest typo. 
Complete outfits. Satisfaction Klim an teed. Illustrated Cata- 
Iokuo. BELLE MEADK FARM, Box 20, Markham, V». 
P erclieron and Beloian Stallions and Mares for sale 
at farmers’ prices. A W. GREEN, Route 1, 
Middlefiehl, O. Railroad station, East Orwell, O., 
on Penna. R.R., 30 miles north of Youngstown. O, 
My stock o£ pigs amt 
hogs was never bettor. 
If you want the best 
all-around breed raise 
Jersey Reds 
Fatten easily and quickly, 
small boned,long bodied, 
vigorous, prolific. Meat 
unsurpassed. Choice offer- j 
lugs now. Write today tor 
^ free catalog. 
Arthur J. Collins, Box R, Moorestown, N. J. 
DOGS 
PHI I If PIIPQ entitled to registry; spayed female, 
UULl.lL ruro Circulars. SILAS DKCKMt, Mont rose, l'i 
COLLIE PUPPIES 
-$5 each and up. CLARK 
FARM, Beonton, New Jersey 
IDA.XI 1 Y CATTLE 
-GRADE HOLSTEINS- 
200 HEAD TO SELECT FROM 
We have some of the finest individuals and 
heaviest milking cows in Central New York. 
25 Head of Extra Fine Grade Guernseys 
due to freshen soon, also 
2 Car-Loads of Grade Holstein Heifers 
two years old, all nicely marked and in calf 
by registered bulls. 
F. P. SAUNDERS & SON, Cortland, N. Y. 
East River Grade Holsteins 
. . .FOR SALE. . . 
40 Cows jusl Fresh 50 Holstein Heilers 2 yrs. old 
30 " due in Auq. 40 Yearling Heilers 1 yr. old 
100 ” due Sent., Oct., Nov. 5 Ren. Bulls ready (orservice 
All the Cows and Heifers are 
High Gradesand will please you. 
BELL PHONE JOHN 15. WERSTER 
311-F-5 Dept. It, Cortland, N. Y. 
HAVE SIX THOROUGHBRED 
HOLSTEIN BULL CALVES FOR SALE 
from throe to six months old, from selected stock. 
Also some very fine grade HOLSTEIN HEIFERS. 
P. B. McLennan, 412 Court House, Syracuse, N. Y. 
Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves f , Sa ' e , _w,it0 
offer. 
THE GATES HOMESTEAD FARM, Chittenanoo.V.v! 
FOR SALE—8 Registered Yearling Heifers 
Not served. Also male calves and a yearling bull 
from heavy-milldng registered cow bv Oakliurst 
Paul He Kol A aggie No. 66917. DONALD F. MCLENNAN, 
Syracuse, N Y., or WALTER HERRING. North Cuba, N. Y. 
'I'OMPKINS CO. BREEDERS’ ASSOCIA- 
“ TION, Box B, Trumansburg, N. Y.—Breeders 
of Holstein, Jersey & Guernsey cattle and tbe lend¬ 
ing breeds of sheep and swine. Write for sale list. 
If 
You WantGuernsey 
GUERNSEY BREEDERS’ASSOC 
e send for the Official Sales 
d List of the NEW YORK 
CIATION, Box 96, Peekskiil, N. Y. 
FOR SAL E—Guernsey Bull Calf 
King David 22057. Dropped March 7, 1912. By 
-J 1 ,,- 10 DO,oof Maple Glenn 15525: Bess of Edinburgh 
2al97. Address, J. PUGH, Station A, East Liverpool, Ohio 
FOR SALE~ FINF YOUNG HOLSTEIN 
_____ BULLS. AH Registered 
H I, M II U It S T _F A It M 
G. J. STOIJIE Oakland, Hie. 
P0R SALE Dairy of 27 cows; grade, Guernseys and 
* Holsteins j mostly young, including 7 yearling hei¬ 
fers; majority due to freshen soon. E. G Reynolds, Nich¬ 
olson, Wyoming Co., Penn., near Fleetville, Lackawanna Co. 
TheWisconsin DairyCattle Farms 
W. H. TICHENOR, Westmoreland Farm, Oconomowoc, WIs. 
WESTERN REPRESENTATIVE 
Respectfully announce the opening of their East¬ 
ern Headquarters at GOSHEN, N. Y. 
Weekly shipments now arriving and comprise 
H IUHEST CLASS 
Holstein and Guernsey Grades 
Thorough inspection invited. We want you to 
trade with us continually as a satisfied customer. 
Wo are building a reputation as distributors of fine, 
Tuberculin-tested Cattle to improve ihe average 
yield of the Eastern Dairy Farms. 
“SPECIAL”—To Arrive This Week 
35 GRADE GU ERISISEYS 
all Springers, due to freshen in from two to six 
weeks; personally selected Guernseys by Mr.Tiche- 
lior and declared by lijm cts fine a consignment as 
l0lt» the State of Wisconsin. A number of 
choice Guernseys, ideal for family purposes, come in 
each consignment. For further information address 
W. D. GRAND, Eastern Representative, 
Springdale Farm, Goshen, N. Y. 
FERN’S JUBILEE NO. 73852 
Is one of tho BEST 
“Butter-Bred ” Jew Bulls £ World 
Hals six years old, and the cows at Laurel Farm 
are mostly his daughters. He is right in his prime 
but we can't use him longer. Also have several of 
lus young sons. Will make a low price on them 
or will TRADE FOR FRESH LOWS, either 
purebred or grade Jerseys. 
J. GRANT MORSE . Hamilton, N. Y. 
Breed Up-Not DownT^rLSSlT 
bny. Superior dairy dams. No better sires. U. F. 
SHANNON', 907 Liberty Street, Pittsburg, Fa. 
FOR SALF~ C ' UVAT DANES’ 1*11 1*S. 
r OHtC WOODSBALE KENNELS,Summit, R. I. 
SWI 3 VTE 
OUROC PIGS 
-PEDIGREED. ! 
Screno O. Weeks. 
Pi2 per pair. 
DeGraff, <>. 
CHR0PSHIRE YEARLING RAMS by imported sire. Price 
O right. FRED VAN YLEET, Lodi, New Vohk 
DlfiQ- D0N ’ TB( -’ Y UNTIL YOU WRITE ME. 
riUw MARK LEY, ALLENDALE, NT. J. 
YORKSHIRE PIGS 8 weeks; $7.50 pair. Act quick while 
1 they last. EVERGREEN, Suffern, JN. Y. 
0 I P, \ oE Superior Quality- 17ehoieoyonng 
U, I. U. " Gilts and H Topy young Boars; pairs; 
no a k in. ERED NICKEL, Monroe, Mich! 
ALFALFA LODGE YORKSHIRES^*”';,,‘ 
r rl< >KH>. LOT OF SPRING PIGS; trios not akin. 
J. G. GURUS. Box 272, Rochester, N. V. 
CHEL00N FARM registered Hurocs. Pigs of both sex 
" Bred Sows. Service Boars. Best of breeding 
_ C. K, BAliNKS. Oxf ord. N. V. 
I ARGE YORKSHIRES— Sows bred for June and August 
L farrow. Boars lendy for service. May p'i-s. 
order now. Glknmakk Fakm, Robertsvillo, Coi?u. 
HOGS and P0ULTRY"~ Mn . , T°* h p ;: kin 
„ . and Inman Run¬ 
ner Duck Eggs, White and Brown Leghorn Eggs 
S''"' 1 Berkshire Sows and Pigs. 
CHERRY HILL FRUIT FARM, Toboso, Licking County, Ohio. 
Tamworths Herd of Parent Stock £°“ 
100 ribbons ;it State Fairs in 1911. Pins that are a 
credit to the breed. Also gilts and sous. 
H, S. GRKKN, Powhatan Point, Ohio 
LARGE BERKSHiRES AT HIGHWOOD 
V o have sold more registered Berkshiros each year 
during the past 8 years than any oilier breeder in 
tbe l nitod States. There is a reason. No animal 
good enough unless largo enough. 400 registered 
Berk shires in herd. Selected individuals, all ages, 
for sale. \ lsitors always welcome and met at train 
it expected. H, C. S H. 8. HARPENDING, Dundee, N. Y. 
SPRINGBANK BERKSHIRES.- £'Js 
in Connecticut. Sows bred for April litters all sold 
Have 4 sows bred to furrow In July; late, toser- 
vice ot Watson s Masterpiece. Will book orders 
for March and April pigs now. Send for new 
Booklet. J. E. W ATS0N, Piunrietor, Marhledalc, Conn. 
E ureka stock farm- 
Registered Jersey 
Bulls and Heifers, 
2 mos. to 2 years old. 
Chester White. Po- 
landChina and Berk¬ 
shire I'igs. all ages. 
Collie Pups and a 
variety of POULTK i. 
EDWARD 
White run Chicclak. 
_WALTER, West Chester. Fa. 
Henotin Farm BERKSHIRES 
See us at N. Y. State Fair 
SPECIAL Mid-summer 1 Sale 
L , i«s both sexes—pairs and trios not akin. Over 100 
grand youngsters to select from. For one month 
we otter our $&> youngsters for $15 and the pick of 
the lot at that. Thoy are worth that for porkers 
get busy, KEN0TIN FARM, Washington Mills, N. Y. 
) DAIRY cattle 
FOR SALE - P ue YoIie five year old, pure bred 
i> ■ . . Devon Oxen, well brolc© to drive, 
i ”c *<1 < 1 j r if? harness. THE WHEELER 
HUMEoTEAD, Kanona, N. Y. 
BACKED BY HIGH OFFICIAL RECORDS 
Ontario Hugo Burke, born March 2, 1912. Holstein 
m P yU; 6 ’ * 75 "' ith a11 Papers but easily 
* i • kend tor pedigree. 
CLOYI RDAL15 LAKH, Charlotte, N. Y. 
Three Excellent Books 
Swine in Amerira -U- T). Coburn. Full 
kjwiuc in America description of breeds, 
methods of handling, diseases, etc.; 600 pages, 
many illustrations. Price.$2.50 
Milk and Its Products X^stf n fa ^ 
work on tins subject; 300 pages. Price..$1.50 
The HnrcA ’’y Isaac P. Roberts. In this 
ine Horse wor ]j Prof. Roberts has given a (j 
concise history of tho various breeds, methods 
of breaking, feed and general care; 400 pages; 
many illustrations. Price.$1.25 
All These Books 
Are For Sale Bv 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
409 PEARL ST., NEW YORK CITY 
BOOKS WORTH BUYING 
.$ 
American Fruit Culturist, Thomas 
Dwarf Fruit Trees, Waugh. 
Pruning Book. Bailey. 
Forage Crops, Voorhees. 
Book of Alfalfa. Coburn. 
Diseases of Animals, Mayo. 
Feeding Farm Animals, Shaw. 
F< "ge and Fiber Crops in America, 
Hunt .:.. 
Farm Grasses in United States, Spill¬ 
man . 
Clovers and How to Grow Them, Shaw 
The Potato, Fraser . 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, 409 Pearl St., 
2.50 
.50 
1.50 
1.50 
2.00 
1.50 
2.00 
1.75 
1.00 
1.00 
.75 
N.Y 
Purebred Registered 
HOLSTEIN CATTLE 
The Imperial Agricultural College of Japan has just 
purchased a eat load of pnrebred Holstein heifers and 
two bulls from a well-known New York farm. 
The 7> feeders' Gazette reports that during the past 
year the same farm has shipped Holstein Cattle to Mexico, 
tho West Indies. South America and South Africa. 
Every corner of the earth is thoroughly awake to the ne¬ 
cessity of increasing the yield of the dairy cow and to the 
value of the Holstein breed. 
Send for Free Illustrated Descriptive Booklets. They 
contain valuable information for any Dairyman. 
HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASS’N, F. L. HOUGHTON. Secy. Box 105, Brattleboro, Vt. 
