1912. 
FERMENTATION OF SILAGE. 
I should like to get information from 
you in regard to the percentage of failures 
with silage due mainly to the process of 
abnormal fermentations. l. it. 
[This article was written for us some 
years ago by the late Prof. F. H. King.] 
In the early history of silage practice, 
before the principles of making and 
keeping silage were understood, the 
losses were very heavy, whether we 
mean by percentage the number of indi¬ 
viduals who abandoned the practice be¬ 
cause of failure, in proportion to those 
who succeeded, or whether we mean the 
proportionate loss of food value in the 
material put into the silo. Our own 
somewhat extended and critical studies 
of losses in the silo, speaking now of 
corn, and having reference to the non¬ 
volatile products of silage, indicate that 
the necessary losses during a season of 
six or seven months need not exceed 
two to four per cent, of the weight put 
into the silo and that in good silo 
practice they need not exceed four to 
eight per cent, of the dry weight of the 
corn put into the silo. As a specific 
illustration it was- found, for example, 
that in a metal-lined silo the surface 
layer of 8,934 pounds put in lost 32.53 
per cent.; the next layer of 8,722 
pounds lost 23.38 per cent.; the third 
layer of 14,661 pounds lost 10.25 per 
cent.; the fourth layer of 48,801 pounds 
lost 2.10 per cent.; the fifth layer of 
13,347 pounds lost 7.01 per cent.; the 
sixth layer of 7,723 pounds lost 2.75 
per cent.; the seventh layer of 12,689 
O- X lie l 
loss of non-volatile matter from 
cent. 
’FtJfcC RURAb NEW-YORKER 
ment will very materially reduce the 
losses at the top. The losses will be 
still further reduced if after the last 
tramping the surface is thoroughly wet 
with water. The saturation of the sur¬ 
face after it has heated three days and 
has been firmly packed allows it to re¬ 
tain so much water that a thin layer 
of silage makes a very effective seal and 
about the cheapest which can be pro¬ 
duced^ where the silo is to be used for 
late ball and Winter feeding. 
At the present time, so far as we 
know, there are no “failures” in mak¬ 
ing silage, due to “abnormal fermenta¬ 
tion,” if anything like reasonable judg¬ 
ment and care have been exercised. In 
some very poorly constructed silos, if 
the corn is put in either excessively 
green or when very dry, proper care not 
having been taken in packing, or when 
the silo is only partly filled and the 
silage is allowed to lie a long time be¬ 
fore feeding begins, some may to-day 
be sustaining heavy losses, but where 
very ordinary pains are taken and very 
ordinary silos are used the losses from 
feeding corn as silage are very much 
less than when feeding it in the form 
of dry corn fodder when this is 
handled in the best way practicable. 
F. H. KING. 
Oat Straw for Bedding.-— Does oat 
straw used for bedding for horses have any 
«Pon their health or condition? The 
difference in cost of oat and rye straw is 
considerable, and the saving in the use of 
oat straw would be 50 per cent at times. 
I have heard that it was not good for 
bedding. j, T- K 
086 
TWO MERIDALE JERSEYS 
cent. In 1893 the silo was opened early 
in December. In 1894 not until the 
of March. „ Had the bottom of tins 
silo been cemented the loss by spoiled 
silage would have been avoided' there 
and in those cases where the feeding 
from the silo begins at once the losses 
from spoiled silage on the top would 
be avoided. In a small metal silo, made 
of galvanized iron, and air-tight ex¬ 
cept at the top, holding 1,500 pounds of 
silage, with the top covered with tar 
paper and weighted with sand, the total 
loss, including spoiled silage, after 180 
days of Summer temperature, the silo 
standing in a plant house, was 8.57 per 
cent., while the mean loss from the 
middle and bottom layers was 5.3 per 
cent. 
Where silage is put into the silo in a 
very succulent condition the unavoida¬ 
ble losses are much greater than they 
are when the corn is properly matured. 
Corn containing but 20 to 25 per cent, 
of dry matter and with the ears only 
in the milk stage is too green to make 
.the best silage, the best results being 
obtained when the corn is in the best 
stage for cutting and shocking, with 
the ears well dented but the leaves on 
the stalks all green. Corn in this con¬ 
dition will contain from 28 to 38 per 
cent, dry matter. If the leaves have 
begun to dry, especially any except the 
lower ones, the necessary losses will 
be greater, because too much air is 
carried into the silo confined in the 
interior of the leaves and stalks. Where 
the force on the farm is small and the 
filling, of the silo takes a week or 10 
days it may be necessary to begin with 
the corn a little too green in order not 
to have it too ripe at the finish. It 
'S commonly true, however, that por¬ 
tions of a field ripen before other por¬ 
tions, or one field before another, so 
that about the right condition, where 
good judgment is exercised, can usually 
be secured. It is a good plan to have 
the last two or three tons of silage put 
into the silo a little green if the silo 
is to stand some time before feeding 
begins. Besides this, the first three 
days after filling is completed, a man 
should thoroughly pack the surface 
silage, beginning at the walls, walking 
round and round, springing his weight 
down as he. steps forward scarcely the 
length of his foot each step, and mov¬ 
ing in toward the center only the width 
of the tracks until the whole surface 
is left smooth and firm. Such a treat- 
y ' —---- 
f When you write advertisers mention Tub 
; | anf ^ you’ll get a quick reply and a 
1 ; “square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
1 --- -—— 
s 33-A.imr TF _T_s 33 | 
TODD’S INTERSTATE CONSIGNMENT 
Holsfein-Friesian Cattle 
Wllff, BE HELD IN CONNECTION WITH THE 
GREAT INTERSTATE FAIR AT TRENTON, N. J., ON 
OCTOBER 3rd, 1913 
80 HEAD OF REGISTERED COWS 
mostly young and many of them are fresh or 
nearly Springers. A catalogue will be issued 
about September 25th and will bo mailed to 
those who expect to attend the sale. Wo solicit 
your patronage: desire your friendship; ask 
for your confidence. Address, 
Jacob Todd, Jr., Somerville, N. J. 
P S. THERE WILL ALSO BE SOLO AN ENTIRE 
HERD OF HIGH-CLASS REGISTERED JERSEYS 
Milk Producers v , ork 9? ty 
f , uesinng information how to 
lmm br.-uKthes of the Dairymen’s League, write to 
tlie .Secretary, Albert Manning Otisville. N. Y 
Breed Up—Not DownToT^wS"* 
SSLilSSJg,. “■ p - 
| SS 3E3C E 33 3P 
For Sale 
50 Registered SHROPSHIRE EWES 
Good stock. Will sell cheap to close out, or 
will trade for cows. 
Also a Few Berkshire Boar Pigs 
CIIAS. M. JARVIS, Berlin, Conn. 
HIGHLAND STOCK FARM OFFERS 
SHR0PSHIRES — RAMS AND EWES 
bred from British Yeoman Rams, finest duality 
W. F. BLACK, Hall, N. Y y ‘ 
Registered Shropshire Rams for Sale 
LAMBS. E. E. STEVENS & SON, Wilson, NY. 
50 HAMPSHIREDOWN SHEEP 
From 1 7 1110 s. to 4 years old, both sexes; have »one 
into dairy business and must dispose of my flock• 
1 wnto your wants; prices light. 
W. H. CRAWFORD, R. F. D. 10, . Mercer, Pa. 
Shropshire and Hampshire Sheep for Sale 
Have disposed of our sheep farm and must sell 
our sheep. All are registered and are sired by 
imported rams for several generations. Large 
first-class sheep at bargain prices. Both herd rams 
at special prices. Send for catalog to 
W. BARLOW DUNLAP, Amsterdam, N. Y. 
For Sale~5££! ( M? EI £F D hampshtredown 
wt vt . SHEEP. The best of Breeding 
H[* W # A3LLISON, lioute 9, Mercer, Pa# 
21 C3> H SES 
Oercheron and Belgian Stallions and Mares for sale 
xVa atfarmers’ prices. A. W. GREEN. Route 1, 
Alidclleneld, O. Railroad station, East Orweil O 
on Penna. R.R., 30 miles north of Youngstown, 6! 
HACKNFY & trotting-bred horsks 
llnonJC I FORSAKE —or could use 1912 5-Pas¬ 
senger Auto and Dairy Cattle in exchange 
DELAWARE STOCK FARM, Bridgevifle. Oel. 
SHETLAND PONIES 
An nn ceasing source of pleasure and robust health tochildron. 
Hart and ideal playmates. Inexpensive to keep. Highest type. 
Complete outfits. Satisfaction guaranteed. Illustrated Cata¬ 
logue. BELLE MEADE FA KM, Box 20, Markham, Va. 
FOR SALE - * 7 ®’ 00 , takes matched team of well 
tr.lined Doe Drivers: two years’ old: 
Ii arnefis complete. HEALTH ANI) 
GOAT CULTURE FARM, East Aurora, N. Y. 
Are here described. There are many like 
them at Meridale Farms. They are among 
a number whose bull calves are for sale, 
and whose pedigrees along both lines trace 
to animals remarkable for consistent pro¬ 
duction. 
King’s Pogis Girl 191204 represents five 
generations of Meridale breeding and de¬ 
velopment. She is a handsome cow, with 
shapely udder and large teats. She has 
the line finish of her sire, Fontaine's King 
00041, and resembles in color, carriage and 
other points her maternal ancestry to her 
gieat-grandam, Pogis Bess, who made 18 
pounds 12 ounces butter in seven days. 
King s Pogis Gin first qualified for Register 
of Merit as a four-year-old giving 6,630 
pounds 15.4 ounces milk, 393 pounds 4 
ounces butter, and on her second test, com¬ 
pleted last year, produced 8,774 pounds 3.2 
ounces milk, 465 pounds 4 ounces butter. 
Her last calf was dropped December 27, and 
on January 1 she was started on her third 
test, giving in the first six months 1,139 
pounds 12 ounces milk,. 337 pounds 15 
ounces butter. , 
The Owl of Meridale 85853, sire of this 
calf, is a son of Spermfield Owl 57088, out 
of a daughter of Interested Prince, inter¬ 
ested Victor’s Rachel 188230, who quali- 
fied for Register of Merit at 25 months, 
producing 6,433 pounds 4 ounces milk 387 
pounds 13 ounces butter. She was one of 
the finest daughters of Interested Prince 
and descended from a long line of high 
producing cows. This calf is solid color 
and a splendid individual, with a remark¬ 
able inheritance of milk and butter pro¬ 
duction. 1 
Interested Mertha’s Duchess 227745 
qualified for Register of Merit with first 
mi m qo? 1110111 ® 1 Pounds 1.6 ounces 
milk, 3b7 pounds 9 ounces butter. This 
calf was dropped February 12 last, placing 
Class A , A - kSh , e W!ls a t once started 
on her second year’s work, and in 5'A 
mnf h 98 c as given 5,032 pounds 1 ounce 
i * Pounds 9 ounces butter, indicat- 
in 1 she c 5i a incl ' oa se her production 
steadily year after year. This quality she 
170 <nn S dam * Mertha’s Duchess 
17 nos°’n n n h ? within two years produced 
1 ,0-8 pounds 15 ounces milk, 1,059 pounds 
11.0 ounces butter, and dropped two living 
calves The dam of Mertha’s Duchess was 
Imported Mertha 145736, who has four 
daughters in Register of Merit one of 
them Mertha’s Lass 184258, also at Meri¬ 
dale Farms, having given better than two 
pounds butter per day for the past five 
months. I repotency is assured in a bull 
calf whose dam and grandam show such 
persistent ability, and whose great-grandam 
produced so many daughters capable ™ 
great records. This calf has two lines to 
Interested Prince 58224, through his dam 
a5«<i/i thr0 n gh h _. ls slre ’ Spermfield Owl 2d 
m 3 , 63 iti o V ir e dam A ^del’s Interested Vio- 
mnir“ rri 0 A ga ^ e ?A 6 £ 2 pollnds 13 ounces 
milk, 066 pounds 10.8 ounces butter. Her 
dam Interested Violet 188231, gave 13 833 
pounds 2 ounces milk, 819 pounds ' 6.5 
ounces butter on authenticated test. It is 
practically impossible to duplicate the 
strong breeding back of this youngster 1 
Full descriptions of those young bulls 
and others, with their sires and dams are 
given in our booklet, “Meridale Jerseys ® 
It will interest every dairyman who is 
working for increased milk and butter pro¬ 
duction. Sent on request by P 
ER tfc MOK.INNB 
300 Chestnut street 
FA. 
GRIDE HOLSTEINS—i 
200 HEAD TO SELECT FROM 
We have some of the finest individuals and 
heaviest milking cows id Central New York. 
25 Head of Extra Fine Grade Guernseys 
_ due to freshen soon, also 
2 Car-Loads of Grade Holstein Heifers 
two years old, all nicely marked and in calf 
by registered bulls. 
F. P. SAUNDERS & SON, Cortland, N. Y. 
SWX3NTE 
East River Grade Holsteins 
... FOR SALE... 
40 Cows iust Fresh 50 Holstein Heifers 2 yrs old 
3" ( ! UE I nfl "0- 40 Yearling Heifers 1 yr. old 
100 due^ept., Oct., Nov. 5 Rep. Bulls ready for service 
All the Cows anil Heifers are 
High Grades and will please you. 
BELT. PHONE JOHN B. WKliSTER 
311-1'-5 Dept. K, Cortland, N. Y. 
Registered HOLSTEIN 
cows AND 
HEIFERS 
MUST REDUCE HKK1) 
Fall, Winter and Spring Cows. Very line Heifer 
Inili Nov.18,1310: also choice Heifer, calved Feb. 
19, 1912, Prices reasonable. 
HILLHURST FARM..F. H. Rivenburgli. Prop..Munnsville, N. Y. 
HAVE SIX THOROUGHBRED 
HOLSTEIN BULL CALVES FOR SALE 
from three to six months old, from selected stock 
Also somo very line grade HOLSTEIN HEIFERS. 
P. B. McLennan, 412 Court House, Syracuse, N. Y. 
My stock of pigs and 
hogs was never better. 
If you want the best 
all-around breed raise 
Jersey Reds 
Fatten easily and quickly, 
small boned,long bodied, 
vigorous, prolific. Meat 
unsurpassed. Choice offer¬ 
ings now. Write today for 
free catalog. 
Arthur J. Collins, Box R, Moorestown, N. J. 
FOR SAL E~zVa 0 r.Vi-LPjs*. fine ones. 
___ EZRA MICHENER, lu mberville. Pa, 
SPRINGBANK BERKSHIRES.-;*"! 
in Connecticut. Sows bred for April litters all sold 
Have 4 sows bred to farrow in July; late, toser- 
", at ' son , s Masterpiece. Will book orders 
for Maicb and April pigs now. Send for now 
Booklet. J. E. WATSON, Piui.rieior, Marblcdale, Conn. 
LARGE BERKSHIRES rniSGHWOOD 
We have sold more registered Berkshires each year 
tbo HMiV’d £, a \ fc 8y 12, rs th « n ;ln -V 0, her breeder in 
the Unitod Staitos. ihere is u reason. No animal 
good enough unless large enough. 400 registered 
Berkshires ra herd. Selected individuals, all ages, 
for sale. Visitors always wo'come and met at train 
if expected. H. C. & H. B. HARPENDING, Dundee. N. Y, 
BACKED BY HIGH OFFICIAL RECORDS 
Ontario Hugo Burke, born March 2, 1912. Holstein 
I™ 1 ,,4 white. Price, $75 with all papers but easily 
worth $200. Send tor pedlgree. 
CbOVKRlMI.H FARM, Charlotte, N. Y. 
Holsiein-Friesian Bull Calves !: or Sa,e ~ Writ « 
offer. THE GATES HGMESTEAD FARM, Chittenanoo, N. Y. 
FOR SALE _^ hne AYRSHIRE bull, 3 years old,- 
P HflTeu m good, strong indiv dual. $50. CH. 
P. HATCH, Plum Beach Farm, Port Washington, L. I. 
HOGS and POULTRY—^ amDIO *h Pekin 
j-v . T , _ . mid Indian Rqq* 
ner Duck Eggs, White and Brown Leghorn Eggs 
ol nest strains, 33red Berkshire Sows and Pioq 
CHERRY HIL L FRUIT FARM, Toliuso, Licking County, Ohio." 
Tam worths Herd of Parent Stock 
100 ribbons at State Fairs in 1911. Pigs that are a 
credit to the breed. Also gilts and sows. 
H - GKKKJf, _Powhatan Point, Ohio 
CHELD0N FARM registered Dnrocs. Pigs of both sex 
° Sows. Service Hoars Best of breeding 
_ C- W. BAKNKS. Oxford, N. Y. 
DUROC Plfi<\T . l>l ' :l>IGKKilK #18 pep pair. 
IIUIIUU I loo Sereno <). Weeks, DeOraff, O. 
0. I. C ’S o/.^iperiorQnaHty- 1 ? choice young 
Ul , . ” Gilts and II I opv young Boars; pairs- 
n <> aki n. FRED NICKEI,, Monroe, Mich! 
I ARGE YORKSHIRES— Sows bred for Juno and August 
L farrow. Boars ready for service. May pigs. 
order now. Gi.k nmauk Farm, Robertsville, Conn. 
CHESTER WHITES— Two Prolific Brood Sows, also a 
*, f0wLhoioe Gilts and Boars; all stock regi 
EUGENE T. BLACK, 
registered. 
scio, n. y. 
FOR SALE-JERSEY BULLS 
i?« e j l yr ’ G ? ma have qualified or on test for 
Register ot Merit A J. C. C Sire Goldie’s T#n of 
surws? Tuberculin free. BE UK 8 H IKK 
t Granddaughters of 
Ivovof?? Jr., bred to King Edward, Jr. 
Lveiytiimg Registered. For Pedigrees and Prices 
Chas. B, Dayton, Supt., SHELDDNCR OFT, Silver Lake, Pa. 
T9,!VTJ C, N S £°. breeders* associa- 
- T, , , tk>x Trumans burg, N. Y.—Breeders 
or Holstein, Jersey & Guernsey cattle and the lead- 
lng breeds of sheep and swine. Write for sale list. 
MULEFOOT S0WS7 far , r< s ved Nov wmnot 
Atm 19 ioi 9 n ° bred - Some P i KS farrowed 
j. t: wS »‘.Tf,n,.'s r a,igS\ b .'r> 
Reg. P , Chinas, Berkshires, C, Whiles. 
Fine, large strains; all ages, mated 
not akin. Bred sows service Boars, 
Jersey and Holstein Calves. Collie 
„ , Pups.Beagles and Poultry. Write for 
prices circulars. Hamilton & Co.. Ereildoun, Pa. 
I 4 ogs i fiwcl Ferrets 
Collie PllDS - G ’l a,,d ^males, $ 4t0 $5 each; no 
UUI1IG 1 males, Brooksidc Farms, Prospect, 0. 
10,00QFERRETS FOR SALE"jj Wri ^- forpriC9 
it’s free. 
>• l * vo IWI jyi IlyV 
n . n , us t and catalog. 
DeKleme Bros., Jamestown, Micb. Box SO 
BELGIAN HARES FOR SALE 
On account of death. Fine breeding stock Belgian 
Htiros. Also young does and bucks, cages and 
hatcheries. PONTRICHET, Allendale, R. 2, N. J. 
Purebred Registered 
HOLSTEIN CATTLE 
recently published by tlie Minnesota 
Expeiiment Station, L rof. 1 homes P. Cooper estimates 
that a cow that produces only 4.000 lbs. of milk peryear 
Will cause her owner a loss of *116 during tier lifetime. 
He figures that a 5,000 lb. cow is worth $25.00; a 6 000 lb 
m'nnn , V ror ^-* 87 * <Ws 8 ’ 000 lb - cow is worth $150,'and a 
10,000 lb. cow is worth $230.00. 
All disinterested experts toll the same story. Find out 
what your cows are worth. ^ n mu out 
Send for Free Illustrated Descriptive Booklets. They 
contain valuable information for any Dairyman. 
HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASS’N, F. L. HOUGHTON, Sec’y, Box 105, Bratileboro, Vt 
