88 ti 
September 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
M I L 
N. Y. Exchange price $1.71 per 40-quart 
can, netting 3% cents in 26-cent zone. 
THE “EXCHANGE PRICE." 
The milk in New York is quoted at 3% 
cents a quart or $1.71 for a 40-quart can, 
in the 26 cent zone. The farmer gets $1.22. 
It should leave them at least $1.40 after 
their drawing is taken out. The farmers 
can’t understand it. They cannot sec why 
you should quote it $1.71 and they get 
$1.22. Can you explain? g. b. b. 
New York. 
The quotation for milk is what is known 
as the Exchange price. It does not mean 
that every farmer who sells to a member 
of the Exchange will get this price, how¬ 
ever. The milk buyers get together and 
make an agreement that they will not pay 
more than a certain price. They may ex- 
plain it in a different way, but that is what 
it amounts to. They buy as much cheaper 
than this Exchange price as they can, de¬ 
pending on how badly they want milk, mid 
what competition there is in a locality. 
They often bargain on the basis of the Ex¬ 
change price less so much. They have the 
situation well studied out and figure to 
make as much as possible out of the bar¬ 
gain. In the 26-cent zone, 31'cents is de¬ 
ducted from the gross price, 26 for freight 
and five for “ferriage.” At ri-7 1 Per 40- 
quart can this leaves a net of $1.40, oi dy 2 
cents for the farmer, provided he got the 
full Exchange price. 
MASSACHUSETTS MILK. 
The milk situation in Massachusetts looks 
a little more favorable to the producer 
than it did a few weeks ago. Mrs. I ut- 
nam, speaking for the Consumers League 
denies the statements printed in the Boston 
Journal at various times in the last month 
or two as coming from the League spokes¬ 
men and states openly that the farmer 
in most cases does not receive enough for 
his milk, and that he could receive better 
prices 1 and yet the cost to the consumer 
need not be any higher, if a propel system 
of distribution was employed. The Journal 
also has pulled in its horns and has Pointed 
letters from producers which explained the 
situation from their standpoint in an able 
and plain manner. 1 believe the many ex¬ 
cellent letters received by this paper and 
the League have opened their understanding 
to quite an extent, and have borne good 
fruit. Much thought and study is being 
devoted by interested consumers to the 
idea of Mayor Fitzgerald and others to es- 
tablish a city market, especially 101 con 
sumers to buy direct from the farmer, and 
include a department for the sale of nulk, 
cither by auction or otherwise, as may be 
decided. Some nearby farmers are promis¬ 
ing to send their milk to this market to 
be sold under the jurisdiction ol the. cit> 
authorities direct to buyers, and thus cut 
out the middleman. If this can be brought 
about successfully it may mean a boomto 
Massachusetts producers, and P lac o the 
business on a paying basis, which has not 
been the case for some tune, lhe thing we 
want in this case is action and not talk, 
yet the thing must be started right and 
managed right to insure success. 
While I do not believe this idea if suc¬ 
cessful would settle the whole question, it 
would perhaps help very much, and be a 
big improvement over the present system. 
It would take the nearby milk, and prac¬ 
tically all the Massachusetts milk and 
Southern New Hampshire milk also almost 
entirely out of hands of the contractor, and 
his toll would be divided between producer 
and consumer to the advantage of each. 
The business would have to be largely on a 
cash basis, which would be an advantage 
over the system of payment at present em¬ 
ployed by some contractors. The many 
ways open to bring this milk into the city 
are favorable to its success. The trolley 
car, the automobile and the steam roads 
could all take part in the carrying end ac¬ 
cording to distance and handiness. A great 
advantage to consumer fft-om this plan 
would be the fact that he would know what 
milk he was buying, whether nearby Massa¬ 
chusetts milk or long distance milk, as each 
would be sold for what it was, and labeled 
with place of production and class also, 
such as inspected milk, common dairy milk 
or certified milk. Some sort of a coopera¬ 
tive company with some capital will be 
needed to make this a success, as cans will 
have to be provided and other necessary 
things to handle the milk in a suitable 
manner, and this is where the League might 
come in strongly, assisted by such producers 
as were able to take a share in the matter. 
This part of the scheme really seems to be 
the only rock in the way, and if the inter¬ 
ested parties can’t remove it and make a 
clean channel from producer to consumer 
they do not deserve the success that awaits 
a united effort for the benefit of all in es¬ 
tablishing a city market for our milk. 
A. E. P. 
SILAGE WITHOUT EARS. 
A Massachusetts reader says he grows 
a white flint corn. When the ears are 
glazed he picks them off and cuts the stalks 
into a silo. The corn ears are ground, 
cob and all, mixed with cotton-seed meal 
and fed with the silage. This man wants 
to know if he gets enough more out of the 
corn to pay him for the trouble of husking 
and paying 15 cents a barrel for having it 
ground. Would it pay him better to have 
cars and stalks cut together into the silo? 
My experience has been that it does not 
pay to pick off the ears and grind them 
from corn that is to go into the silo. If 
the corn is cut into silo when it is in the 
best condition, fully mature but not at all 
dry, fully as good results will be obtained 
as though the ears were ground and the 
meal fed. I take it that this silage is to 
be fed to cows, a large part of which are 
giving a good flow of milk. The only condi¬ 
tion when I think it might pay to pick off 
the ears, or a part of them, would be when 
the silage was to be fed to young stock 
or dry cattle that will freshen later. In 
that case I think that white flint corn 
silage made from corn planted thin for 
ears would contain more corn ears than 
would be best for such cattle. In this 
section Learning corn planted early and 
thin and cut into silo with all its great 
Keeping Butter with Saltpeter. 
Can you tell me how much saltpeter to 
put into 10 pounds of butter in order to 
keep the butter sweet for a long time and 
not bo strong enough to injure the con¬ 
sumer? A. M. K. 
I have never heard of the practise of 
putting saltpeter in butter in order to 
keep it sweet. I should say that it would 
be unnecessary, because I have known of 
people who kept their home supply of but¬ 
ter sweet through the Summer by putting 
it into an earthen jar and covered the 
surface of the butter with a wet cotton 
cloth over which was spread a layer of 
salt. Enough of the salt dissolved to make 
a strong brine, which protected the butter 
from the air. It is my opinion that the 
addition of saltpeter to butter would be a 
violation of the pure food law. E. s. b. 
Prices for Cows. 
There arc no auctions here now in this 
vicinity. Prices of cows, $40 up for good 
ones. Horses, good for general purpose, 
$150 to $250 each, llay, $12 to $15 per 
ton, and only an average crop. Butter, 30 
cents per pound ; eggs, 25 cents per dozen 
at store. June and July were very dry. 
bad drought, now very wet. Oats arc grow¬ 
ing in shock, cannot get them dry from one 
shower to another. Buckwheat looking 
well; corn poor crop. ' Potatoes looking 
fine, apples plenty. E. A. b. 
Wellsville, N. Y. 
In the three years I have been here I 
have found it almost impossible to get a 
really good cow nearby. Nearly all the 
farmers raise their own stock and therefore 
there is but little buying or selling except¬ 
ing those sold for beef. The prices ob¬ 
tained are from $60 to $125, and at present 
there seems to be no prospect of the price 
dropping any. There is ready sale for any 
good cow. A. e. c. 
Cornwall, Conn. 
Milk sold for Buffalo 16 cents per gallon 
f. 6. b. station; at factory, skim back, 
$1.20 per 100 for four per cent for July and 
August. Hogs $8.25 per 100; cattle high, 
but vary very much. Hay $14 in the barn, 
$18 delivered for new, old higher. Silage 
seldom sold, but when sold, $2.50 to $3 per 
ton in silo. Manure given away in Buffalo 
for the drawing, $15 to $17 per car deliv¬ 
ered at stations; in village $1 per load. 
The price of milk has advanced since May 
1. The yearly contracts are 15 cents f. o. 
b. stations. No potatoes or fruit yet for 
sale. Only a little grade stuff yet in mar¬ 
ket. J. C. 
Willink, N. Y. 
As for farm produce in this vicinity prices 
are as follows: Cows $25 to $50; lambs, 
six cents per pounds alive; veal, eight 
cents; pigs, $2 apiece; hogs, five cents per 
pound alive; horses, $100 to $200. Hay, 
$12 per ton; manure (barn) $1 per load; 
eggs, 26 cents per dozen ; potatoes, $1 per 
bushel; wheat, $1.25 per bushel; wool, 22 
cents per pound. Milk, $1.40 per can (40 
quarts per can) ; butter, creamery, 27 cents 
per pound, dairy butter, 25 cents. 
Swartwood, N. Y. G. J. E. 
The Melbourne Australasian tells about a 
man who was a candidate for Parliament, 
and he had prospered exceedingly in the 
social, municipal and commercial worlds. 
And proudly he detailed his successes one 
day to a group of farmers who had assem¬ 
bled to see what sort of man was this 
who sought to represent them in Parlia¬ 
ment. They were, however, quite unmoved 
by his list of performances, and one old 
bearded fellow, in a deep, solemn voice, 
passed this comment, “Why, I’ve got a cow 
with a better pedigree than that!" 
cars gives fine results for cattle in all con- j 
ditions, as the proportion of ears to stalk I 
is not so great as it would be in the case 
of white flint corn. h. m. munkoe. J 
Massachusetts. 
If a man has a silo and the final destina¬ 
tion of both ear and corn stalk is the 
stomach of the cow, I believe it is a waste 
of labor and money to break off the ears, ! 
husk them and have them ground. I 
should say by all means cut the whole 
plant into the silo. A test of this matter 
at our Vermont Experiment Station shows 
that an acre of green corn fodder cut into 
the silo with the ears was equal in feed¬ 
ing value to 1.26 acres of silage from stalks 
with the cars stripped off, fed with the 
meal made by grinding the ears removed. 
This shows a decided loss of feeding value 
as well as a loss in labor and money from 
the practice of removing the ears. 
Vermont. e. s. bkigham. 
No; he does not get enough more out 
of his corn crop to pay for picking off the 
ears and grinding the same, feeding all 
back to the cows. Our experience has 
been that in putting the crop into the 
silo, ears and all, and doing this work 
just as the ears begin to glaze or are in 
the doughy stage, the food nutrients in 
the corn plant are in the very best pos¬ 
sible condition for the production of milk. 
That is, the plant is in the most readily 
digested condition with a succulence that 
is very acceptable to the dairy cow. If 
one leaves the stalk in the field late enough 
for the ears to nearly ripen, so that in 
breaking them off they will not get mouldy, 
the stalk is getting past the fine sweet 
succulent stage, and gets more woody and 
less digestible. With silage of this quality, 
ears and all cut together into the silo, ! 
I would recommend a grain mixture of J 
equal parts of cotton-seed meal and wheat 
bran or mixed feed, feeding according to 
the milk flow, or at the rate of one pound 
of this grain mixture to three or four 
pounds of milk. h. o. Daniels. 
Connecticut. 
The only case in which I would pick ears 
from corn I was to put into the silo would 
be where I had some pigs I wished to 
feed the corn to, or possibly some chickens. 
Where the whole product is to be fed to the 
cows there is nothing gained by pulling 
the ears, husking the corn and then grind¬ 
ing it for feeding. Some feeders claim that 
where the grain is cut into the silo a large 
amount goes through the animal undi¬ 
gested, and that this is saved by the grind¬ 
ing. The difference is that when ground 
the particles of grain are not noticed in 
the excrement as when the whole corn is 
fed. I,. A. CLINTON. 
Connecticut Experiment Station. 
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