1912. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKEa 
1023 
Blue Pearmain Apple. 
IF. E. C., Elma, Wash.—Will you tell me 
about the Blue Pearmain and the British 
Columbia apples? Are they Fall or Winter 
varieties? Would you advise planting com¬ 
mercially and will they stand shipping? 
Ans. —The Blue Pearmain apple is an 
old variety that was planted by the 
early settlers, but it is of such poor 
quality that it is no longer planted to 
any considerable extent either for mar¬ 
ket or home use. The fruit is large 
and highly colored with purplish over¬ 
cast, and keeps well into the Winter. 
I know no apple that bears the name 
“British Columbia” and suppose this is 
a synonym for some standard variety. 
The varieties to plant in Chehalis 
County, Washington, are such as are 
grown all over that State and are sold 
by the nurserymen there. Among the 
best are Winesap, Stayman, Jonathan, 
Grimes and Rome Beauty. 
H. E. VAN DEMAN. 
Information on Raw Phosphate Rock. 
P. T. P.j Library, Pa .—A recent bulletin 
from the Bbode Island Experiment Station 
brings to mind a question which many 
of the farmers in this section have asked 
me. Can raw South Carolina rock finely 
ground be used as a substitute for that 
which has been treated with acid? Will it 
give the results? If not always, under 
what conditions would it pay to use it? I 
have been looking through the Encyclo¬ 
pedia of American Agriculture and Prof. 
Voorhees’ book on fertilizing, but did not 
seem to find anything that definitely an¬ 
swered my question. Have any of the 
experiment stations conducted any con¬ 
clusive experiments in the way of using 
floats? If so, I should like to know of it. 
Ans. —We suggest the study of bulle¬ 
tins from the following stations: Ohio, 
Wooster; Pennsylvania, State College; 
Illinois, Urbana; Indiana, LaFayette; 
Rhode Island, Kingston; Tennessee, 
Knoxville. The raw phosphate rock will 
not give you satisfactory results unless 
used with manure, lime or a green crop. 
Its best results are obtained in the West 
on soils rich in humus. On most of our 
thinner Eastern soil the raw rock will 
not make a complete substitute for the 
more available forms of phosphoric 
acid. 
Clearing Wood and Brush Land. 
E. G., Montvale, N. J .— I have a tract 
of about seven acres which requires clear¬ 
ing. About half the tract is wooded and 
the remainder thickly covered with brush, 
with quite a large proportion of what is 
known in this section as cat briar, and 
which is very hard to uproot. About three 
acres of the property, which is situated 
on a slope, were under cultivation about 
20 years ago. Will you inform me as to 
the most thorough and inexpensive method 
of clearing the ground? 
Ans. —The wood part must of course 
be cut off, using the trees for poles or 
cord wood. Probably dynamite will be 
the quickest and easiest way of getting 
out the stumps. A flock of sheep or 
goats would do much of the clearing on 
the other part. If they are not available 
we should burn the piece off after frbst 
kills the leaves. Follow with a brush 
scythe and cut out the brush—pile and 
burn. Then take a large disk plow and 
a steady team of horses, and tear up 
the soil as best you can. A man with 
an ax should follow this plow prepared 
to cut out obstructions. A common 
turning plow would be constantly 
caught by the roots, but the large disk 
will ride over and cut the roots off. 
Some digging or blasting will be re¬ 
quired, but . the disk will do great exe¬ 
cution. 
Peach Growing in Georgia. 
R, M., New Jersey .— I find the follow¬ 
ing in the daily papers. Is it correct find 
does this mean that Southern peach grow¬ 
ing is not a success? "Macon, Ga„ Sept. 
15.—The largest poach orchard in the 
world, the one that has been first to supply 
the market with Georgia peaches for many 
years, will be burned to-morrow morning 
at Americus, 50 miles south of here. The 
orchard contained 225,000 bearing trees. 
These have been cut down by negroes at 
the direction of the owners of the Bagley 
Orchard Estate and piled in huge heaps. 
Oil will be poured on the brush and in the 
morning negroes will run from one pile to 
the next, starting the bonfires almost simul¬ 
taneously.” 
Ans. —We do not know the details 
of this particular case, but our informa¬ 
tion is that not 25 per cent, of Georgia 
peach growers have made a dollar dur» 
ing the past few years. Some have neg¬ 
lected their orchards and let them die 
and some have chopped them down. At 
the same time there is a new crop of 
planters coming on every year, and 
there is no general falling off in the 
number of trees in the State. The new 
grower sees a large business going on 
every year and a lot of money being 
spent, and so thinking there is a big 
profit in it plants his orchard. The 
expenses of handling and transporta¬ 
tion eat up the proceeds. The worst 
feature is that many shares or bonds in 
“cooperative” orchards are sold on the 
supposed profits which these Georgia 
orchards are paying. Really they pay 
little or nothing during a term of years. 
Vetch and Wheat. 
M. S., Jefferson, O .—I give my experi¬ 
ence with Ilairy vetch. I put in 1 % acres 
of wheat last August. The wheat all win¬ 
ter-killed and a good share of the vetch 
died this Spring. I sowed 1% acres of oats 
this Spring. I harvested the oats when 
ripe. They were the best oats I had. but 
I gave the lime I put on the soil credit 
for the large crop. The vetch grew on 
after oat harvest. It now stands about 
two feet high, now thick as a mat. I 
wanted to plow next Summer and sow 
Alfalfa, or will it make vetch seed next 
Summer? There are a great many blos¬ 
soms on it now. What is the best to do 
with it? 
Ans.— We should let the vetch alone. 
It will grow until hard frost and then 
Winter. Some of it will be killed out, 
but there will be a good growth next 
Spring which may be turned under be¬ 
fore seeding to Alfalfa. We hear some 
remarkable stories about vetch. One 
man in the Fludson Valley seeded rye 
and vetch together last Fall. Both 
made a fine Fall growth, but the vetch 
was killed out in Winter. Yet it made 
such a Fall growth that the effect was 
seen in the rye. This gave an immense 
yield of grain and straw under condi¬ 
tions which made it sure that the re¬ 
sult was due to the vetch. The Fall 
growth alone of vetch or clover is 
worth far more than the labor and cost 
of seed, even though the crops fail to 
Winter. _____ 
Treatment of Currant Cuttings. 
1. How must currant clippings be 
planted, and when? 2. How can a witch- 
hazel keg be cleaned so that it can be 
used again for wine or vinegar? 
New York. J. F. w. 
1. The usual practice is to make cur¬ 
rant cuttings early in the Fall and plant 
immediately, covering the ground with a 
mulch of coarse hay or manure. They will 
begin to root before the ground freezes, 
and the mulch will prevent heaving by 
frost. 2. Give the keg a very thorough 
washing with scalding water, and then 
burn a sulphur candle under it. 
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Soils, irrigation, rotation of crops, types 
of animals and their care, fruits, fungi¬ 
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includes tables of feeding stuffs, fertilizers 
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