losa 
THE RURAE NEW-YOKKER 
October 5, 
Live Stock and Dairy 
THE STORY OF THE HORSE. 
Part IV. 
British Horses. 
When Caesar invaded Britain in the 
year 55 B. C, the cavalry horses which 
he brought with him were crossed with 
the native horses of the island. Thus 
new blood, consisting of strains from 
every quarter from which Roman re¬ 
mounts were procured, was infused into 
the native breed. The J-utes and Saxons, 
when they came to England, introduced 
heavy horses, largely, no doubt, of the 
great black type which lived in their 
native valleys of central Europe. 
The next authentic record of any¬ 
thing relating to the horse in England 
was in the reign of Athelstane, about 
925 A. D., when a law was enforced 
prohibiting the export of horses except 
for presents. Evidently, then, English 
horses were very much valued even at 
this early time. This excellence was 
probably due to judicious breeding in 
part, but it was undoubtedly due in a 
large measure to the mixture of blood 
from so many countries. 
In the reign of Edward III, about 
the middle of the eleventh century, it 
is recorded that 50 Spanish horses 
(which were probably jennets) were 
brought to England. These Spanish 
“jennets” were small horses, a cross of 
the Arabian and Barb. More of them 
were brought to England about the year 
1182. The tendency at this particular 
period 'was to breed light horses; this 
policy, however, had to be changed, for 
heavier horses were needed in war to 
carry the heavy arms and armor. Ed¬ 
ward III also forbade exportation of 
horses. The first record of an Arab 
horse being brought to Britain was 
when Alexander, King of Scotland, pre¬ 
sented one to a church in 1121, and his 
companion, which was a gift from east¬ 
ern Europe, was kept in the royal stud 
at Gillingham. “At Hastings William 
the Conqueror rode a small Eastern 
stallion of 14 hands, given him by Al¬ 
fonso of Spain. By that time the Cru¬ 
sades, so fruitful in many other lux¬ 
uries, had proved far from barren in 
the one thing on which the Oriental has 
always prided himself; and Favell and 
Lyard, the favorite steeds of Richard 
Cceur de Lion, were valued at £1,000. ’ 
During the reign of King John (1199- 
1216) 100 Flemish stallions were im¬ 
ported. This was perhaps the largest 
single importation of heavy horses ever 
brought to England. They were intro¬ 
duced in order to increase the size and 
strength of the native breed, in order 
that they might be more serviceable in 
war. In the reign of Richard III, about 
1475, the system of post horses and 
stages was introduced. This again cre¬ 
ated a demand for lighter, or at least 
quicker horses, than the ordinary Eng¬ 
lish horse had become. The tendency 
in France at this time was in the same 
direction; heavy war horses were being 
replaced by lighter and more active post 
horses. Henry VII prohibited the ex¬ 
port of stallions, but allowed mares to 
be taken from the country; many of 
these went to France, where their blood 
was mingled with the Norman. 
Henry VIII imported hot-blooded 
horses from Turkey, Naples and Spain, 
and in 1523 he passed an act prohibit¬ 
ing the grazing of entire horses over 
two years old and under 15 hands on 
the commons. This act also caused the 
poorer animals in forests and waste 
places to be killed off every year. The 
aim of this law was to prevent inferior 
animals from breeding. Here was an 
instance of selection worthy of note by 
some modern breeders of live stock. 
From two of the stallions which Henry 
VIII imported, called Altobello and 
Governator, the sixteenth century stock 
of English racers was largely recruited. 
During the reign of Elizabeth (1558- 
1603) carriages were introduced. This 
again created a demand for a quicker 
and lighter horse than the typical cav¬ 
alry horse of the time. Gunpowder was 
also invented and brought into use about 
this time, causing the use by cavalry 
of lighter armor and hence smaller and 
more active chargers were in demand. 
The Persian horse, which is an offshoot 
of the Arabian, was then introduced 
into England and helped materially in 
the moulding of an excellent breed. 
James I, who came to the throne in 
1603, was fond of racing. _ English 
horses were too slow for him, so he 
gave 500 guineas, a large sunt for the 
time, for an Arab stallion which had 
been procured from Constantinople by a 
Mr. Markham and which had since been 
known as Markham’s Arabian. This 
horse was not a success either for speed 
or as a sire, so James bought another 
Eastern horse, known as Place’s White 
Turk. This one was a decided success. 
This breeding of racers by James I laid 
the foundation of the future race horse 
of England. 
Charles II (1630-1685) imported 50 
mares for breeding purposes. These 
were known as “Royal mares.” They 
were all hot-blooded, Barbs, Turks and 
Arabs. In the reign of William III 
(1650-1702) the first of three horses to 
which modern thoroughbreds trace, 
namely Byerly Turk, was imported. 
The other two are the Darley Arabian, 
imported during the reign of Queen 
Anne, and Godolphin Arabian. Godol- 
phin Arabian, so called, was in reality 
a Barb, and was brought from France 
to England. He was a small horse, only 
15 hands high. All Thoroughbreds trace 
back in the direct male line to one of 
these three stallions. In fact, it is im¬ 
possible to find a Thoroughbred that 
does not combine the blood of all three. 
Straddling Turk, another famous stal¬ 
lion, was imported in the reign of James 
II. From Darley Arabian, which was a 
small bay stallion, the very best race 
horses have descended. He was the 
sire of many of the most noted horses 
of the turf; among them were Monica, 
Aleppo, Almanzor, and Flying Childers. 
Flying Childers, Eclipse, Herod and 
Matchem were the greatest sons of the 
three original hot-blooded horses. The 
native mares of England, mostly Cleve¬ 
land Bays, had much to do in forming 
the racer; they gave size, while the east¬ 
ern blood gave endurance, nerve and 
speed. 
The Thoroughbred marks the last 
epoch in the development of the Brit¬ 
ish horse. Excepting the American 
trotter, which, however, is made up 
largely of his blood, he is the most won¬ 
derful horse ever produced, far exceed¬ 
ing in size, strength, speed and endur¬ 
ance his hot-blood ancestors of the des¬ 
ert. “It is not from the Arab, but from 
the English Thoroughbred, that the best 
racing stock all over the world is now 
produced. It is not an Eastern poten¬ 
tate to-day who sends the gift of an 
Arab stallion to King Edward. It is 
the breeder of Persimmon (King Ed¬ 
ward )who presents the Sultan with, an 
English Thoroughbred.” c. S. m. 
Can’t twist, slip or work off. The girths cross 
under the body, holding the blanket securely 
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They have won great popularity. They are re- 
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Buy a 5A Square Blanket for street use. 
Buy a 5A Bias Girth Blanket for stable use. 
Buy a 5A Plush Robe for carriage or auto. 
Write for booklet showing blankets in colors. 
WM. AYRES & SONS. Philadelphia. Pa. 
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Cost only half as much as the milk 
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FREE UPON REQUEST 
A book that every Cow 
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A T an expense of thousands of 
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The very best and highest authori¬ 
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for this handbook upon a wide range 
of dairy subjects. 
Dr. Coburn, Secretary of the Kansas 
Department of Agriculture, the great 
alfalfa expert, has written a chapter 
on Alfalfa. 
Dr. Alexander, Professor of Veteri¬ 
nary Science, University of Wiscon- 
II!!! 
Him 
c 
kg 
ihakb 
'Oi 
sin, discusses Dairy Cow Diseases and 
Their Proper Treatment. 
Prof. Hugh G. Van Pelt, the Iowa 
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Balanced Rations. 
Dr. Burkett, Editor of the American 
Agriculturist, tells about the Most 
Suitable Dairy Crops, and other 
widely known authorities discuss 
Soil Fertility, Dairying for Profit, 
Farm Butter Making, Silos and Sil¬ 
age, etc., etc. 
A series of photographs illustrating 
the desirable points in selecting a 
dairy cow are shewn, find also photos 
of representative cowsof the various 
well-known dairy breeds, together 
with statements from the secretaries 
of the various dairy cattle associ¬ 
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consideration of each breed. 
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tables of weights and measures, 
silo capacities, etc., that every 
dairyman at some time or other 
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While the DE LAVAE DAIRY 
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>The De Laval Separator Co. 
165 Broadway 
New York 
me , 21 
The De Laval Separator Co. 
165 Broadway, New York. 
Please mail me, postage free, 
a copy of your Dairy Handbook. 
_cows. I sell cream, make butter, sell milk (Cross out whichever 
you don't do). The make of my Separator is-> used-years. 
1 keep. 
State_ 
RFD_ 
Rural 
New-Yorker 
INE 
Removes Bursal Enlargements. 
Tliickenod, Swollen Tissues, 
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Does not Blister, remove the hair 
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ABSORBINE, JR., liniment for mankind. For 
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Heave, Cough, Distemper 
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using two cans. 
Free booklet explains about the Wind. Throat, Stomach 
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Economical to use; dose is small. Safe for the colt, 
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ROBERTSON’S CHAIN 
RANGING STANCHIONS 
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EXCELSIOR SWING STANCHION 
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Milk Producers information liow to 
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900 lnsuranco HUG - ., Rochester, N. Y. 
