1912. 
THBi RURAL NEW-YORKER 
1003 
A PRIMER OF FARM FORESTRY. 
The Harvest. —James Berlin learned 
the methods of farm management in 
the Alleghany valley 40 years ago, when 
the woodlots on the farms provided 
the money crop of the annual operations, 
and profitable employment for men. and 
teams during the Winter months. After 
the Spring seeding and planting were 
finished the young men peeled the hem¬ 
lock trees and piled the bark along 
rough roads that were cleared of logs 
and brush through the timber. The 
bark piles contained from %. cord to 
two or three cords each, according to 
the number of trees that when felled, 
could be convenient to a piling place 
along one of the roads. The piles of 
bark were made upon poles or logs to 
keep the bark off the ground and to 
allow a free circulation of air beneath 
them. They were loosely piled with 
ross side up and the tops lapped to 
form a roof to exclude the rain and 
permit the bark to dry and cure in the 
best manner possible. For peeling and 
piling the bark they received $1.25 per 
cord, which was the tanning product 
from three to four good trees. An 
acre of good timber usually con¬ 
tained about 40 such hemlock trees, 
but where interspersed with large hard¬ 
wood trees only 20 to 30 large hemlocks 
were found upon an acre. 
Casi-i From Forest Products. —Bark 
peeling was done chiefly between 
May 15 and July 4, when the 
young men left the woods to help with 
harvesting the farm crops. The bark 
was then hauled to a tannery or loaded 
up on cars at the nearest railroad sid¬ 
ing, where it was sold for about $5 per 
cord. During the late Fall the timber 
was cut into logs from 12 to 24 feet 
in length and placed in rollways at the 
best roads from where they were 
- hauled on bobsleds in Winter to a saw¬ 
mill, or banked on a large stream for 
the Spring drives, and sold to the 
lumbermen for about $3.50 per thou¬ 
sand feet, board measure, as shown by 
the scale of the log rule used in the 
vicinity or agreed upon by the seller 
and buyer. When the snow had melted 
in the Spring young Berlin was taught 
to pile the brush promptly, so live tim¬ 
ber would not be killed by heat, as it 
was burned before the adjacent forests 
were sufficiently dry for fires to spread 
into them. 
In this way the hardwood and small 
hemlock trees were all preserved for 
growth and future use where land was 
not cleared for farming. The yield 
from preserves of such nature has been 
worth about $1 per acre yearly and are 
now beautiful forests. 
A Wood Lot. —While removing the 
original forest from his 50-acre farm 
Mr. Berlin cleared 30 acres along the 
stream and extending up the hillside 60 
rods, being 80 rods long and leaving a 
strip of woods 40 rods wide on the 
high land at the back of his fields. From 
this woodlot he sells yearly about $100 
worth of timber, of which he has $80 
for his labor in cutting and hauling it 
to market and $20 for the earnings of 
his land occupied by forest. It is now 
a dense hardwood forest on the highest 
and steepest part of his land and shades 
from the sun, in Summer, a thick carpet 
of leaves and leaf-mould soil that 
spreads over the whole 20 acres of 
forest, absorbing and holding the water 
from snow in Spring and heavy showers 
in Summer. When saturated a hundred 
pounds of leafmold holds 196 pounds 
of moisture that is slowly released to 
trickle down the hillside, laden with 
plant food, to feed and irrigate the 
growing crops in fields of the lower 
slopes. Thus has M-r. Berlin demon¬ 
strated the benefit and profit of practi¬ 
cal forestry in Potter County since 
Governor Hartranft called the public 
attention to future needs of forestry 
legislation in the Keystone State, in 
1873, which has led to more than a mil¬ 
lion acres of forest reserves being 
established. When the hot south wind 
sweeps over Berlin’s hill it is cooled 
by the moist breath exhaled by his park 
and less disagreeable to the residents in 
the valley beyond. When other fields 
are parched by drought his are as 
vigorous as ever; because the forest 
reservoir of soil automatically releases 
water from its store of 3,000 tons, to 
gently move through the soil of the 30 
acres below. 
Beneficent Results. —That forest 
is a savings bank that pays four per 
cent, interest on $500 annually and $80 
for cutting the coupons: it is a valua¬ 
ble reservoir that automatically irrigates 
the balance of his farm, so it produces 
maximum crops with minimum expense 
for fertilizer and labor. It is beautiful 
to look at in Summer and provides 
Winter’s fuel in abundance for the 
trouble of cutting it. 
The farmers now have little hemlock 
timber left and both bark and lumber 
command prices three times those of 
former times and higher from year to 
year as the supply diminishes. 
J. C. FRENCH. 
NOTES FROM MAINE. 
Alfalfa Soil. —An unusual trade In 
Somerset County real estate took place 
this week, when Roland T. Patten loaded 
a part of Eaton Mountain 'Farm upon the 
south-bound freight train, for delivery at 
the Plebron Sanitarium. There was, to be 
sure, only 400 pounds of it, but it repre¬ 
sented the cream of the place, coming from 
the thriftiest portion of Mr. Patten’s Al¬ 
falfa field. This soil is to be used for 
inoculating the Alfalfa fields at the State 
institution, small experimental plots there 
having demonstrated its possibility. Mr. 
Patten’s field was inoculated last year 
when sown with cultures .furnished by the 
Department of Agriculture in Washington. 
A professor from the State University who 
visited Eaton Mountain Farm recently, in¬ 
vestigated the results of this inoculation, 
and pronounced them practically perfect. 
Traveling Farm Experts. —On page 826 
J. L. P. brings up the question of “Travel¬ 
ing Farm Experts.’’ We have had some ex¬ 
perience along that line in Maine, par¬ 
ticularly in connection with our cow-test¬ 
ing associations. The traveling tester who 
spends one day each month with every 
member of an association is not so much 
of a farm expert as he is a bookkeeper. 
But the uniform set of dairy accounts which 
he helps keep in shape on each farm 
afford a splendid basis for practical com¬ 
parisons. Through them and the tester, 
the composite experience of the community 
is rendered promptly available for every 
member in the association. In several of 
the communities some remarkable trans¬ 
formations have been wrought in surpris¬ 
ingly short time. Perhaps the most con¬ 
spicuous changes have been in the values 
of really good cows, some practically 
doubling on short notice. 
CHRISTOPHER M. GALLUP. 
Somerset Co., Me. 
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1 
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