1094 
WELL AND PUMP NOTES. 
Air Pressure for Water. 
On page 902 O. A. Fyffe gives a 
method of getting air into the suction 
of a pump for a pneumatic water sup¬ 
ply by using an air cock in the suction 
and mingling air with the water. Where 
the lift is great this method will not 
work. When the lift is over 16 feet the 
opening of the air cock will cause the 
columns of water in the suction to 
break, so no water can be pumped. If 
s-— Pump or Jack 
check Sj 'Cuynaar 
Engine 
discharge je 
'Ik 
air to water pipe 
globe 
Discharge 
water to tank 
ARRANGEMENT OF AIR COMPRESSOR. 
Fig. 450. 
the lift is great or a deep well cylinder 
is used, and difficulty is experienced in 
getting enough air pressure, it is best 
to install a small air compressor. This 
can be cheaply obtained and easily in¬ 
stalled. The picture, Fig. 450, shows a 
good method of connecting compressor. 
It need be run only when needed. When 
a direct connected pump is used it can 
be used only when pumping. When a 
belt-driven pump or jack is used the 
compressor may be used when desired. 
Muddy Water in Well. 
On page 950 there is an inquiry by 
R. G. regarding a muddy drilled well. 
I will by description and drawing en¬ 
deavor to make clear the method gener¬ 
ally used to rectify this trouble. R. G. 
does not so state, but I presume that 
the bottom of the well is in sand. If 
not, the well should be drilled deeper 
until sand is encountered. The most 
essential thing is the screen. It is best 
to buy this ready prepared of a dealer 
in supplies for artesian well drillers, 
sending a sample of sand from bottom 
of well. The screen may be made by 
drilling rows of %-inch holes (rows 
running lengthwise) in a 10 to 20 foot 
length of three-inch common black water 
pipe. After it is bored send to a gal¬ 
vanizing firm and have it galvanized. 
When it is returned cover with brass 
wire gauze with a mesh of a size a trifle 
Top soil 
-x - 
Bock 
)(- 
Water- b earing 
sand jr| 
v Sand filters 
casing 
t; 
Solder joints 
(-Brass wire 
gauze 
cap 
CLEANING MUDDY WELL. Fig. 451. 
I- 
- Ho flow 
wood plug 
- 3“pipe 
-Deep well 
cylinder 
V- 
smaller than sand in well. This to be 
soldered between each row of holes in 
the strainer. There must be a cap over 
the bottom of the strainer. To the 
screen attach enough three-inch pipe to 
bring it well up above the bottom of 
4j4-inch casing. A hollow wood plug 
one foot long, of poplar (whitewood), 
and a correct size to make a tight joint 
between casing and strainer pipe, must 
be driven in place. As soon as the 
strainer is put down the well should 
be finished and thoroughly pumped out. 
This pumping will take out the mud and 
leave the sand banked around the 
strainer. The sand will act as a filter. 
If the well is not pumped out soon after 
the screen is put in the mud will clog 
the brass gauze. The use of suction 
pump or deep well cylinder depends on 
, height water rises in well. l. p. 
RURAfc NSW-YORKEIt 
October 26, 
THE CO-OPERATIVE MOVEMENT. 
Part IV. 
The Shareholder.. 
The reader who has already follov 
the thought or idea of cooperation, 
closely will now be prepared to find 
that in a cooperative system of distri¬ 
bution there are strictly speaking no 
shareholders. They are members. 
Being a society or association of con¬ 
sumers, the sum of money r which each 
consumer or member deposits in the 
society'- represents his or her share in 
that society and the liability is limited 
to that sum by law. But as it is a sum 
to buy goods with for a consumer, it is 
the consumer that counts, not the 
money representing him as in a corpo¬ 
rate trading society. 
In this system there are no capitalists, 
it is democratic in its spirit and 
method. Voting in its meetings goes 
by membership, not by the amount of 
deposit or share capital held. The 
register of members is always open. 
There are no limits to its number of 
members. But there is in most socie¬ 
ties both a maximum and a minimum 
as to the amount of the sum whicn is 
a share or deposit. 
In practice it has been found neces¬ 
sary to limit membership to consumers 
or customers. A person may be glad 
to deposit a sum with the society and 
simply get the interest thereon without 
buying anything at all, but if everyone 
did that there would soon be no interest 
for anyone. Societies, therefore, refuse 
to accept deposits excepting from those 
who are anxious to benefit by the so¬ 
ciety’s work. The chance of stock ex¬ 
change gambling on cooperative shares 
or deposits is impossible, as there are 
no shares above par value to gamble 
with. There is no voting by proxy, 
only by actual attendance at the meet¬ 
ings. Societies have suffered reverses 
and have been wound up, but always as 
the result of the dishonesty of their 
servants or lack of attention of mem¬ 
bers. 
Fertility in Cabbage. 
Is there any fertilizer value in cabbage 
leaves and the cores, as I can have all I 
want for taking it away on a back load of 
three miles? Would it pay? w. H. 
New York. 
Such waste will contain about half as 
much nitrogen as stable manure. It is 
worth a little more than half as much as 
manure. Do not use it where you intend 
planting cabbage or similar crops. 
Plaster for Wall. —In answer to S. A. 
W., Massachusetts, page 972, regarding plas¬ 
ter for wall, will say, use this proportion : 
Slake one barrel of lime apd stir in 1% 
bushel of hair, then mix in sand until it 
just commences to leave the hoe, but still 
sticks in large hunches, for scratch coat. 
This is to be one-eiglith inch thick, pressed 
well between lath. Slake two-thirds of a 
barrel of lime and mix in sand (no hair) 
for brown or rough finish coat, to he mixed 
until it just leaves the hoe; to be one- 
fourth inch thick, applied in not over an 
hour after the scratch coat. Smooth with 
a small board or float when wall begins 
to harden, say six to 12 hours. Use coarse 
sharp sand, screened. u. p. c. 
Adelphia, N. J. 
Low-headed Trees. —I was interested by 
some articles which appeared in The R. 
N.-Y. some time ago upon the subject of 
low-headed fruit trees. I am a firm be¬ 
liever in low-headed trees—on paper—but 
in the orchard 1 found it didn't work out 
so well. The trouble was I had reckoned 
without mine host, Mr. Jack Rabbit. If 
branches are left on lower than three or 
3% feet one or two full-grown, healthy 
jacks can shin up into them and in one 
night make 40 to 60 trees look so that 
their owner, when he comes out, will think 
he has gotten twisted and run into a 
white birch swamp. No tree unless pro¬ 
tected to 30 or 40 inches is safe from 
them ; though they show decided preference 
for the apple. And it won't do for the 
planters in those parts of the country 
now free from this post to reckon on con¬ 
tinued immunity, for there is no telling 
when the bunnies will reach them. This 
county pays a small bounty (25 cents) for 
a pair of their long ears, and last year 
bounties were pair for nearly 1,400 pairs, 
and I’ve no doubt double that number were 
killed where no bounty was applied for. 
I’ve destroyed as high as five a week on 
my own farm. The boys are catching con¬ 
siderable numbers of them alive and ship¬ 
ping them in pairs all over the country to 
“sportsmen" in places where they are not 
known. This pays vastly better'than the 
bounty on the dead critter. Calls come for 
them from all States and ail points of the 
compass. They multiply very rapidly, one 
pair reproducing, I should judge (though 
this may not be strictly accurate), about 
700 a week. At least this is the impres¬ 
sion they give me upon my own farm. 
Red Hook, N. Y. h. l. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and a 
‘‘square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
Sash that pay for 
themselves 
We know of instances where Sunlight Double Glass SasB 
have grown crops so much earlier and 90 much better that the 
extra prices they brought on the early market paid for the 
glass themselves. 
Two layers of glass instead of one 
The enclosed dry air space means that the sash are never 
covered—and the plants get all the light all the time—and 
this accounts for their rapid growth and sturdiness. Even in 
zero weather you need not cover Sunlight Double Glass Sash. 
Send for these books 
One is our free catalog; the other is a book on hot-beds 
and cold-frames by Professor Massey. It is authoritative and 
of vital interest to all professional 
will bring Professor Massey’s book 
In addition to the catalog. 
Sunlight Double 
Glass Sash Co. 
924 E. Broadway, Louisville, Ry. 
The success or failure of any and 
every society depends entirely upon the 
faithfulness of those individuals who are 
its members. If they are imbued with 
the true coope-rative spirit and are loyal 
to one another they will not only at¬ 
tend its meetings, give the society all 
their business, pay up their accounts 
promptly, taking an active interest in 
all that is going on, but they will be 
missionaries for the movement, anxious 
to share with all that which they had 
found of such value themselves. It is 
the spirit of interdependence worked 
out in actual practice which vitalizes all 
those connected with the movement, and 
in which, in the words of the veteran 
cooperative historian Holyoke: “In co¬ 
operation new objects, new feelings, new 
habits had to be proposed. Men had 
to be shown that their welfare and 
security were best attained by an ar¬ 
rangement of business which gave fair 
advantage to others.” 
Future papers will deal with the mori 
practical methods of how the system ot 
scientific distribution works out in ac¬ 
tual practice. e. t. 
These Unjust Game Laws. 
The New York State game laws have 
worked injustice to the farmer for 
years, and I am glad to see The R. 
N.-Y. open up on them. I hope we 
can have a free discussion and find a 
remedy for such a state of affairs. It 
is laughable to think or claim that a 
permit issued at the discretion of the 
Commissioner will help poultrymen 
against a mink or an otter. According 
to the law, if you find a mink or otter 
at work killing your chickens or find 
them running off after a lot of chickens 
or ducks have been slaughtered, you 
must write to Albany and if the Com¬ 
missioner sees fit he may issue a per¬ 
mit to take the animal and do with it 
as he directs, which may be to liberate 
it somewhere else, and until you get 
the permit you must shoo off the var¬ 
mint with a feather duster. It is not 
right to advise anyone to break the 
law, but if you do crack it, do it very 
quietly and bury the evidence at once, 
as there is always some contemptible 
cur who will make trouble if possible. 
Farmers should have copies of the game 
laws, so as to keep out of trouble, or 
at least know what to keep quiet about 
when they have been compelled to crack 
one of the laws. f. q. white. 
New York. 
Hupmobile "32” Touring Car, fully equipped, $975 
F. O. B. Detroit, including equipment of windshield, mohair top with envelope. Jiffy 
curtains, quick detachable rims, gas headlights, Prest-O-Lite tank, oil lamps, tools and horn. 
Three speeds forward and reverse, sliding gears. Four-cylinder motor, 3^-inch bore and 
514-inch stroke., Bosch magneto. 106-inch wheel base, 32x3If-inch tires. Standard color, 
black. Trimmings, black and nickel. “32” Roadster, fully equipped, $975 I. o. b. Detroit, 
20” H. P. Runabout, fully equipped, $750 f. o. b. Detroit. 
An Axle Built to Stand the Strains 
of Country Roads 
The rear axle of an automo* 
bile carries most of the load 
and drives the car. 
Its work is most severe; and 
it is also subjected to the 
strains of traveling over 
rough roads. 
So it must be strong enough 
to carry the weight, drive 
the car and resist the shocks 
of rough going. 
In this particular the Hup¬ 
mobile again stands head 
and shoulders above the 
average car. 
Its rear axle is of the full¬ 
floating type—a type you 
rarely find except on cars 
much higher in price. 
In this type, the casing or 
housing of the axle carries 
the load; the axle shafts 
drive the car. 
Each part has its own work to do. 
Neither is forced to carry the 
weight and drive the car as well. 
And the axle is so strong and sturdy 
that it needs no support of truss 
rods, and reach rods, as most 
axles do. 
Because of its exceptionally rugged 
axle construction, in conjunction 
with its other superiorities, the 
Hupmobile stands up notably well 
in country use. 
Its owners know that they have noth¬ 
ing to fear from rough and rutty 
roads, because the Hupmobile 
axle will carry them through. 
This axle is fully described in our 
latest book. 
Please write for a copy. 
Hupp Motor Car Co., 1220 Milwaukee Ave., Detroit, Mich. 
