1108 
THE RURAEj NEW-YORKER 
October 26, 
FEEDING PROBLEMS. 
Grains for Milch Cows. 
With grain at the following prices, what 
kinds and amounts *would be best for cows, 
butter being the principal thing wanted, 
and the roughage, pasture and swamp hay: 
Cornmeal, $1.85; bran, $1.45; gluten, 
$1.65; hominy, $1.70; oats, about $1.50; 
cottonseed, $1.75. Would it be well to 
feed the fallen apples to cows, pigs, etc.? 
if so, how many at a time? e. s. b. 
Connecticut. 
At this time of the year pasturage and 
swamp hay are likely to supply inade¬ 
quate roughage for a herd of cows 
producing butter for market. Even 
good pastures and after feed (rowen) 
will become almost worthless as soon 
as the heavy frosts appear in the Fall. 
For this reason some other roughage 
such as clover or Alfalfa hay, cut corn 
fodder or silage should be provided if 
good results are expected. The prices 
you quote for feed are very high. You 
can buy good ground oats in New York 
State for $25.50 per ton. During several 
years past oats have been too high to 
use economically in feeding cows but 
with the recent bumper crop that has 
been harvested it appears that ground 
oats should form a part of nearly all 
economical dairy rations. Cottonseed 
meal remains the cheapest source of 
available protein and you should feed 
from two to two and one-half pounds 
of it per day to each cow. All rations 
must properly contain some bulky feed 
and wheat bran is largely used for this 
purpose, although it has been compara¬ 
tively somewhat higher in price than 
dried brewers’ and distillers’ grains. 
Your grain mixture, then, should con¬ 
tain approximately four parts wheat 
bran, three parts ground oats and two 
parts cottonseed meal by weight and 
you should feed each cow according to 
lier requirements based principally upon 
the amount of milk she is giving. About 
one pound of grain to three or three 
and one-half pounds of milk should be 
sufficient. In addition to this feed you 
can feed your Fall apples but do not rely 
on them for the production of milk, as 
disappointment will surely follow. A 
bushel of apples can be fed to four to 
eight cows in a day according to con¬ 
ditions. c. s. G. 
Feeding Flour or Stale Bread. 
I notice on page 1010 you recommend 
flour as a valuable food for pigs and other 
animals. I, as well as many others in this 
section, are feeding largely of stale bread, 
furnished by the large wholesale bakers in 
Philadelphia and Newark, N. J. I do not 
know the relative proportion of protein 
and fat contained in bread and would be 
pleased for you to give such information 
as you can. Would you not consider bread 
a better food for animals than flour in its 
raw state? o. w. R. 
New Jersey. 
According to Farmers’ Bulletin No. 
23 of the United States Department of 
there seems to be difficulty in getting 
it into the silo in just the right condi¬ 
tion to keep well. By running in alter¬ 
nate loads of clover and corn better 
results will probably be obtained than 
by putting in the clover by itself. The 
green clover will be found rather hard 
to handle and on stony ground the 
stones which are raked up with the 
clover will do damage to the silage 
cutter. c. L. m. 
Feeding Calf. 
I have a bull calf 10 weeks old. Am 
feeding him a cupful each of middlings and 
oats first thing in the morning, then 3% 
quarts of skim - milk twice a day 
and two heaping teaspoons of oil meal 
boiled in two quarts of water. This is 
put in with his skim-milk and fed warm 
twice a day. He is tied up to the hay¬ 
stack and he eats all he wants. Please 
advise me how to feed so as to keep him 
growing for the next year. I have a 
splendid pasture. G. w. s. 
Maine. 
Middlings, oats, oilmeal and skim- 
milk are all excellent feeds for a grow¬ 
ing calf. As you do not give the 
amounts of feed by weight, it is hard 
to tell just how much you are feeding. 
If your calf is thrifty and growing well 
you are probably not overfeeding. The 
condition of the bowels is a good index 
in the feeding of calves. As soon as 
an undue looseness is noticed, the food 
should be reduced at once. It would 
be better to tie your calf where he can¬ 
not reach the hay stack. He will relish 
his hay better if it is given in small 
amounts, will be less likely to waste it, 
and be more thrifty than if given an 
unlimited amount. Make no sudden 
change in foods. In changing from 
milk to dry feed, as the milk is reduced, 
do not forget to supply plenty of drink¬ 
ing water. If possible, supply some 
succulent food during the Winter. We 
prefer roots to silage for calves, but 
have fed a little silage with good re¬ 
sults. In late Summer our Spring 
calves have the run of a small pasture 
at night with chance for shelter in a 
shed when it storms. During the day 
they are kept in box stalls away from 
the flies. Four of our earliest calves 
have been picking their living in a 
meadow for the last month (Septem¬ 
ber), are doing finely, but they have an 
abundance of grass of good quality. 
Clover hay, roots, oats, bran or middl¬ 
ings and oilmeal are among the best of 
feeds for wintering calves of six months 
or more of age. c. s. M. 
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Agriculture, 
the analyses of 
white 
wheat bread 
and wheat flour 
are as 
follows: 
Protein. Carbs. 
Fat. 
Bread . 
... 8.8 56.3 
1.7 
Flour . 
. . . 11. 74.!) 
1.1 
Mineral 
Matter. Water. 
Calories. 
Bread . 
. . . .9 32.3 
1280 
Flour . 
. . . .5 12.5 
1645 
The Price of Sheep Pasture. 
A man in the bill country, a few miles 
from here, told the writer that it ran 
from eight to 10 cents per head; that he 
had ewes with lambs following out to pas¬ 
ture for 10 cents per head, only counting 
the ewes. Now the lambs are as large as 
the ewes. In another part of the county 
where land is valued at $100 per acre, I 
was told that pasture cannot be had for 
sheep for less than 25 cents per head—if 
it could be had at all. Back of this, no 
doubt, there is much prejudice. 
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While these figures show that flour 
contains more nutrients and also has 
a higher fuel value expressed in terms 
of calories, there are other considera¬ 
tions to observe when comparing their 
practical values for feeding purposes. 
Bread being thoroughly baked it is 
natural to think that it should be more 
digestible. It is certainly more palata¬ 
ble, especially when fed to chickens and 
is usually fed with less waste, although 
a small portion of flour thoroughly 
mixed with the ground feed can be 
used without much waste. The rela¬ 
tive proportions of nutrients in the 
bread are smaller owing to the great 
amount of moisture it contains. With 
this moisture dried out until it was re¬ 
duced to the same per cent, which is 
contained in flour the chemical analyses 
of each would be very nearly identical. 
C. S. G. 
Ripe Grain in Silo. 
I have two silos, 16 by 30, and a lot 
of peas, oats and barley mixed that is 
ripe and been cut some time, but it has 
been so wet I cannot get it fit to draw 
to thrash. Would it be good to put in 
a silo? I have 15 acres of corn. Would 
you mix the corn with the grain or put 
it in alone? Will clover make good silage? 
Would it do to mix with corn or grain? 
Hermon, N. Y. G. G. 
The ripe grain will not make good 
silage, but would entirely spoil if put 
into the silo alone. A small amount 
of it could be mixed with the corn, 
but even then there would be danger 
of spoiling the whole thing. Perhaps 
you may yet be able to get your grain 
in cortdition to thrash. Clover makes 
good silage, when well preserved, but 
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