I14B 
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER 
November 9, 
THE VALUE OF BUCKWHEAT. 
A question of practical interest relative 
to the feeding value of buckwheat will 
soon arise in the minds of many dairy¬ 
men living in those States where this grain 
is grown. With the harvesting of a good 
crop of this grain will come the desire to 
make it replace as far as possible the 
other expensive concentrates that must be 
purchased for milch cows and other stock. 
The production of buckwheat is practically 
confined to the Northeastern States, and 
of these New York and Pennsylvania fur¬ 
nish about two-thirds of the entire amount 
grown in this country. Even in these 
States, however, it has been treated rather 
as a catch crop, or as one to be grown 
upon rough land not easily tilled for other 
purposes, but the extension of the city 
market for buckwheat flour in recent years, 
and a growing appreciation of the value 
of this grain, has led to an inci'eased acre¬ 
age, though, even yet, the production does 
not equal that of the ’60s, when it was 
at its height. 
Buckwheat is recognized as the grain 
crop making the least demand upon the 
soil, and it is frequently grown for a suc¬ 
cession of years upon the same land with¬ 
out appreciable diminution in yield. It 
responds generously, too, to small amounts 
of commercial fertilizers, and the writer 
has found that upon his farm in Southern 
New York 200 pounds per acre of acid 
phosphate gave results fully equal to the 
same amount of the more expensive com¬ 
plete fertilizer mixtures. The seed of the 
buckwheat plant—for buckwheat is really 
an herb, and not a cereal—consists of 
three portions, each differing from the 
others in its nature and food value. Out¬ 
side is the thick, leathery hull, or bran. 
This is nearly one-half fibre, and while 
chemical analysis gives it a considerable 
protein content (4.6 per cent), it has 
practically no food value, and should be 
avoided, as far as possible, in purchased 
feeds. Lying immediately beneath the 
hull is the portion known as the middlings. 
This is rich in protein and fat, and is 
of special value to dairymen. The results 
of different analyses of feed stuffs vary 
widely, hut the following, taken from Bul¬ 
letin 154 of the Cornell Agricultural Col¬ 
lege, are probably fair, though showing 
considerably smaller amounts of the dif¬ 
ferent constituents than do the tables in 
the last edition of “Feeds and Feeding,” 
by Prof. Henry. Buckwheat middlings 
(P. 22 per cent, C-H. 45 per cent) contain 
nearly double the amount of protein and 
an amount of carbo-hydrates equal to 
those of wheat bran (P. 12 per cent, C-H. 
45 per cent). It is also much richer in 
protein, though poorer in carbo-hydrates 
than cornmeal (P. 8 per cent. C-II. 76 
per cent). The same statement holds true 
with regard to oats (P. nine per cent, 
C-H. 57 per cent). These figures show the 
superiority of buckwheat middlings over 
the other home grown feeds in the pro¬ 
duction of milk, where the amount of 
digestible protein is of so much value. 
Buckwheat middlings also take high rank 
when compared with such rich concen¬ 
trates as gluten feed (P. 23 per cent, C-H. 
70 per cent), dried brewers’ grains (P. 15 
per cent, C-H. 47 per cent), oil meal (P. 
29 per cent, C-H. 48 per cent), and cotton¬ 
seed meal (P. 37 per cent, C-H. 44 per 
cent). 
The third portion of the grain, or that 
which is ground into flour, is as poor in 
protein as it is rich in the carbo-hydrates, 
or fat-forming elements, and it is, there¬ 
fore, of little value as a milk-producing 
ration. The dairyman will do well to sell 
this to the miller, and take in exchange 
its value in middlings, though some find 
it hard to understand the seemingly para¬ 
doxical statement that a part can be of 
greater value than the whole. This is as¬ 
suming, of course, that his cows are receiv¬ 
ing sufficient fat-making food in their 
other rations, and that he is buying con¬ 
centrates chiefly for their milk-producing 
value. Advantage should be taken of the 
fact that humans are willing to pay a 
good price for the flour which the cows do 
not need, and thus, between the two, the 
happy condition of Jack Spratt and his 
wife* of our nursery days may be realized. 
There is still left the buckwheat straw. 
Not many years ago farmers said of it 
that if a pile were placed in the yard in 
the Fall, nothing would be left in the 
Spring but a hole in the ground. Experi¬ 
ence, impelled by necessity, has shown this 
view to be erroneous, however, and it has 
saved the situation for many a farmer 
who found as Spring approached that his 
supply of roughage was disappearing far 
faster than the snow was melting. Cut 
before a frost and stored under shelter, 
buckwheat straw has a value little realized 
until it is given to hungry cattle or sheep; 
then the fact that it contains nearly as 
much protein as does Timothy hay, and 
about the same amount of carbo-hydrates, 
though with more fibre, will be appreciated. 
_ M. B. D. 
Size of Box Stall. 
I have a very large barn that is poorly 
protected from the elements. In it I 
wish to build an enclosed stall for my 
horse. Will you tell me how many cubic 
feet of air space is necessary for a horse? 
New Jersey. F. e. s. 
The size of a box stall for a horse should 
depend somewhat upon the room available 
in the barn. It should not be less than 
eight feet square or more than 10 feet 
square, and the sides should extend solid 
to the ceiling, except the upper half of 
one side, which should be slatted and cov¬ 
ered with muslin in cold weather for venti¬ 
lation. There should also be a good-sized 
window in the stall to admit light from 
outside. This must be protected with bars 
so the horse cannot break the glass. For 
feeding we prefer an iron manger in one 
corner of the stall for grain and the hay 
is eaten directly from the floor, c. s. g. 
Stocked Leg. 
I have a five-year-old horse whose left 
hind leg swells up as far as the hock 
when standing idle. The swelling goes 
down when he is worked. He does not 
become lame. The person with whom I 
dealt for the horse claims he got hit in 
the leg with a plow. Is there anything 
that can be done to prevent the leg from 
swelling? If left alone is there danger of 
the leg becoming ‘‘thick leg”? J. m. b. 
Ohio. 
Allow the horse a roomy box stall when 
in stable, but never let him stand a single 
day idle in the stable. Each time he comes 
in hand-rub the leg thoroughly and then 
swathe with cotton batting and bandage 
snugly. If so treated the swelling in time 
should subside; otherwise it will in time 
be likely to remain as a permanent blemish. 
Have the stable kept clean and perfectly 
ventilated. a. s. a. 
Dog with Kidney Trouble. 
We have a Scotch collie dog seven years 
old that seems to have some kidney trouble. 
It sometimes seems hard for him to urinate 
and at times he passes blood; seems well 
in other ways; eats well. What can I do 
for him? j. c. s. 
Illinois. 
Without an examination we cannot be 
sure what is causing the presence of blood 
in the urine; but it is likely that he has 
some abnormal growth in the urethra, or 
possibly cystitis or stone in the bladder. 
Give him a teaspoonful of sanmetto two or 
three times a day and if that does not 
suffice then you will have to employ a 
graduate veterinarian to make the neces¬ 
sary examination. Make the dog live an 
outdoor life so far as possible and feed one 
meal daily, at night. A. s. A. 
Thin Horse. 
I bought a run-down horse which had 
been put to hard work and has had very 
little to eat. She has been eating wild 
weeds and meadow hay before I got her. 
Her bowels are very loose, as if she had 
touch of the colic. She eats well; her 
teeth are good. What is the cheapest feed 
that would build her up during the Winter, 
as I do not intend to work her? 
New Jersey. r. c. h. 
Twice a day dilute one quart of black¬ 
strap molasses with three quarts of hot 
water and stir this up thoroughly with cut 
hay, wheat bran and cornmeal. ' Feed this 
molasses feed night and morning, and feed 
whole oats at noon and long hay at night. 
It may be necessary to starve her to taking 
the molasses feed, but soon she will take 
to it with avidity, and quickly plump up 
in condition. If you can supply ear corn 
more cheaply than whole oats feed a few 
ears of corn at noon in place of whole oats, 
in cold weather; but the whole oats will be 
preferable if she has to work. Mixed clover 
hay, of good quality, will prove better for 
her than Timothy hay. a. s. a. 
Indigestion in Horse. 
I have a very good horse, 10 years old. 
who eats his bedding, paws manure for¬ 
ward and picks it over. Can you give me 
a remedy? Our local veterinarian said to 
give him powdered charcoal in his feed, but 
that availed nothing. j. s. 
Michigan. 
This depraved appetite usually is due to 
indigestion from overfeeding and lack of 
exercise; or worms may be the cause. 
Give the horse a box stall in the stable 
and bed with planing mill shavings or 
sawdust. Make him work or abundantly 
exercise every day. Allow free access to 
rock salt. Change the rations and keep 
bowels active by feeding roots or a little 
well-made silage. If this does not suffice, 
dissolve two ounces of glauber salts in hot 
water and mix in his drinking water once 
daily until the bowels respond ; but do not 
cause scouring. a. s. a. 
Garget in Ewes. 
I have two ewes with ruptured bags. 
Would it be advisable to keep them? Can 
the rupture be remedied? They raised 
lambs all right in Spring, one triplets, the 
other a single lamb, and the lambs and 
ewes seemed to do well. a. m. 
Maryland. 
We know of no such ailment as “rup¬ 
tured bag,” but you no doubt mean garget, 
in the worst form of which disease gan¬ 
grene may cause sloughing out of a por¬ 
tion of the udder. Never keep a ewe for 
breeding after she has had an attack of 
udder trouble. Such attacks are sure to 
be repeated and an affected ewe does not 
prove profitable. The disease usualy comes 
on at or just after weaning time. In¬ 
fective matters getting into the udder by 
way of the teats is a common cause, and to 
prevent this some British shepherds smear 
the udder with molasses at weaning time. 
The molasses melts and runs down over the 
teats daily, thus sealing them against en¬ 
trance of germs. a. s. a. 
“Wind Puffs.” 
I have a valuable three-year-old mare 
with wind puffs behind; one is quite bad. 
Can you give me a prescription that will 
take them off? I have to work her some, 
but not in heavy work. I have tried dif¬ 
ferent liniments, but none of them seem 
to have the desired effect. h. f. 
Watertown, N. Y. 
Wind puffs or “wind galls” contain 
synovia, being distensions of synovial 
bursfe and sheaths of joints and tendons. 
They are practically incurable and should 
be let alone when lameness is absent. 
Slight improvement may take place if you 
hand-rub the parts persistently three times 
a day, place a flat cork, wrapped in cotton 
batting, upon each puff, and then bandage 
snugly. a. s. a. 
Swelling. 
I have a 114-year-old heifer that has 
recently developed a bunch about the size 
of a man’s fist at the navel. There seems 
to be no soreness, but a fleshy growth. 
Never having seen anything of the sort. I 
write to ask what causes this and if it is 
likely to in any way injure her. n. a. b. 
Rome, N. Y. 
A personal examination would be neces¬ 
sary to determine whether the enlargement 
is a rupture of the navel or a lump due 
to a bruise and which may develop into an 
abscess. If you cannot employ a gradu¬ 
ate veterinarian to make the examination, 
paint the lump with tincture of iodine each 
other day and it may either subside or 
soften and form pus. a. s. a. 
I ■ uni 
tlit33 I a H 
-i* 
msEa 
Randall, Ohio, Race Track, Grand Stand. Cooling Shed, "Doc* 
Watterson’s Barn, Saunders’ Stables, and all new buildings around Track covered 
with J-M Asbestos Roofing 
Don’t Rent Your Roof — Own It 
You are literally paying rent every time you coat, gravel or repair your 
roof. Why not do away with this expense by using J-M Asbestos Roofing? 
Its first cost is the only cost, for it never needs coating or other protection. 
J-M ASBESTOS ROOFING 
is an all-mineral roofing. So it is not affected by heat, cold, water, gases or chemical fumes, 
and affords perfect fire protection. Is still in good condition on buildings in all parts of the 
country after more than a quarter-century of wear. J-M Asbestos Roofing is suitable for all 
kinds of buildings. Anyone can lay it. 
Sold direct where we have no dealer. Illustrated Book No. 2248 sent on request. Write 
our nearest Branch today for copy. 
H.W. JOH NS-M AIM VILLE CO. 
Albany Chicago Detroit Louisville New York San Francisco 
Baltimore Cincinnati Indianapolis Milwaukee Omaha Seattle 
Boston Cleveland Kansas City Minneapolis Philadelphia St. Louis 
Buffalo Dallas Los Angeles New Orleans Pittsburgh Syracuse 
For Canada: THE CANADIAN H.W. JOH NS-M AN VI LLE CO., LIMITED 
Toronto Montreal Winnipeg Vancouver 
1833 
Master of 49 Jobs 
on your Farm and 
around your Home 
is this 2 h.p. Engine. 
Pumping, spraying, running a dozen 
and more kinds of mills, shredders, etc., 
giving fire protection, helping you, your 
wife, the boys and girls—there is not a 
man or any other piece of 
machinery around the farm 
that will do as much work 
or do it as well as this 
Sturdy 
Jack 
2 Ho P. Engine 
Let us 
send you 
convincing 
facts. 
A small engine built on the same plan as a 
big one, and it will do four-fifths of the work 
a big one does. For one cent’s worth of 
fuel, will pump enough water for a day’s 
use on an ordinary farm. Runs on a gallon 
a day. Runs equally well in cold and hot 
weather. Air- or hopper-cooled. Truck- 
mounted. Easily moved from one job to 
another. Does not have to be propped up— 
it is not the lean-to kind. Send and get 
information about the engine that is making 
a revolution in gas engines because of its 
completeness and all-round usefulness. 
JACOBSON MACHINE MFG. CO. 
Dept. D ' Warren, Pa. 
ROOFING 
\ 
65c 
per 100 
sq. ft 
FOR ROOFING, SIDING AND 
LINING POULTRY HOUSES, 
BARNS, DWELLINGS, ETC., 
USE 
Hydrex-Pluvinox Roofing 
A Water and Air-Proofing of which yon areal- 
ways sure. You can absolutely depend upon 
it to thoroughly protect your chickens, stock 
and buildings from dampness and draughts. 
Get samples to see how sturdy and well-made 
it is; compare it with others and find how very 
low is its price. 
Send a Postal Now to 
The Hydrex Felt 6 Engineering Co. 
123 Cedar Street New York 
Shipments made from New York, Washington, A 
Chicago. Kansas City, San Francisco, etc. 
\ 
MAKE THE 
FARM PAY 
IN WINTER 
You can make winter a harvest time, 
with money-makingcropsof lumber, 
if you have an “American” Portable 
Saw Mill. Your own wood lot, and your 
neighbors’ await your axe and your saw 
and your mill, ready to yield a valuable 
crop of first-class lumber that will find a 
ready local sale at good prices. You have 
the team, the time and the engine. Buy on 
inexpensive “American” mill and you’ll 
have all the outfit you need to do a profit¬ 
able lumbering business. Start with your 
own wood lot, then work out into the 
country around you. Every wood lot has 
money in it for you. Show its owner 
how you can make lumber and money 
for him. Begin by sending to us for our 
new book No. 26 which tells the story. 
Write nearest office today. 
In the largest mill or on the farm the American 
is recognized as 8 TASDARD. 
AMERICAN SAW MILL MACHINERY CO. 
129 Hope Street, Hackettstown, New Jersey 
1582 Termin al Bu ilding, New York 
CHICAGO SAVANNAH 
NEW ORLEANS 
With 8 H. P 
Cuts 2500 ft. Per Day 
Chatham Mill 
Grain Grader and Cleaner 
Loaned free for 30 days—no money pppp ■ 
down—freight prepaid—cash or credit. ■ i» 11 ■ 
It grades, cleans and separates wheat, oats. I DAM ' 
corn, barley, flax, clover, timothy, etc. Takes kvH™ ■ 
cockle, wild oats, tame oats. smut, etc., from seed wheat; anymix- 
ture from flax. Sorts corn for drop planter. Kids clover of buck- 
horn. Takes out all dust, dirt, chaff and noxious weeds from timo¬ 
thy. Removes foul weed seed and all the damaged, shrunken, 
cracked or feeble kernels from any grain. Handles up to 80 bushels 
per hour. Gas power or hand power. Easiest running mill on earth. 
Over 250.000 in use in U. S. and Canada. Postal brings low-price* 
„ buy-on-time proposition and latest Catalog. I will loan 500 
machines, “first come, first served.” Write to^ay if you want 
he one of the lucky 500. Ask for Booklet 43 . (39) 
MANSON CAMPBELL COMPANY, Detroit, Kansas 
Cash 
or On Time 
Minneapolis 
Tonight 
‘The greatest dollar buying piece of literature \ 
ever penned by man.” So write my farmer* 
friends who have read my latest book. Have 
you read it? If you haven’t you are missing a golden treat. Yes, 
I mean it, for “A Streak of Gold” will show you how you can coin 
real gold dollars from your manure pile. It’s written from the net 
results of America’s greatest soil experts—and the expert 
ence of thousands of farmers. Mail me a postal 
or letter today for your copy —free and get 
my offer for you to prove how 
I you can have bigger 
| crops next . . i> M j \ M .. „ 
year. Write Me 
on a 
Galloway Spreader 
—No spreader in the world 
can match quality with a Galloway 
equipped with Mandt’s New Gear. 
I’ll send it anywhere to stand on its pure merit alone— 
{jive you 30 to 90 days free trial— a big guarantee and back my 
entire proposition with a $25000 bank bond. That’s proof of quality 
—and my factory to you price saves you dealers and jobbers profits. 
Put your letter or postal in the Mail NOW, . Ask for free book and 
Special 1913 proposition and price. 
WM. CALLOWAY, President 
Wm. Calloway Co 669CH Calloway Sta, Waterloo, la. 
Free Trial 
30 Days 
