1176 
November 23, 
FARMERS’ CLUB 
[ Every query must be accompanied by the 
name and address of the writer to insure 
attention. Before asking z. question, please see 
whether it is not answered in our advertising 
columns. Ask only a few questions at one time. 
Put questions on a separate piece of paper. 1 
FALL SPRAYING FOR SCALE. 
It is generally agreed that effective 
spraying for the control of San Jose 
scale may be done any time after the 
leaves drop in Autumn and until they 
appear again in Spring, but of course 
during Winter the weather is seldom 
warm enough nor calm enough to do 
much of this kind of work. Hence we 
depend upon a season just after the 
leaves fall and again just before they 
appear in Spring. When frosts occur 
early the leaves sometimes fall before 
the balmy “Indian Summer” days of 
November, but for several years we 
have not had very favorable conditions 
for Fall spraying. Frosts were late and 
the leaves clung to the apple trees till 
well in December. Last year we had 
some good days in that month after 
the leaves had fallen, and of which we 
made good use. It is not advisable to 
spray until the leaves are well off, not 
that it would injure the trees any after 
the leaves are “ripened” to spray with 
lime-sulphur, but because it is quite 
impossible to do thorough work with the 
leaves clinging to the twigs. For it is 
of course understood that it is neces¬ 
sary to spray the wood only, and not 
the falling leaves, as the scale on these 
leaves will not cause any further infes¬ 
tation. 
A thorough job of spraying means to 
cover every particle of surface from the 
tips of the branches to the base of the 
trunk with a coating of spray material, 
and this is no easy task when the tree 
is entirely free from leaves or other 
obstructions, and is made exceedingly 
difficult when such obstructions are 
present. The leaves of the peach and 
other stone fruits usually fall before 
those of the apple, and I therefore de¬ 
pend on spraying my peach orchard in 
Fall or early Winter, as I am always 
rushed with my commercial spraying in 
the Spring. Some growers recom¬ 
mend spraying the peach trees just be¬ 
fore buds open in Spring, to serve the 
double purpose of killing the scale and 
controlling leaf-curl. But as 1 am not 
troubled with that disease on my ele¬ 
vated orchard slopes I shall doubtless 
continue to spray my peach trees just 
as soon after the leaves fall as weather 
and time permits. Besides there is 
some question whether Spring spraying 
is a success in controlling leaf-curl any¬ 
way, as some who practice this method 
were bothered with the disease in cer¬ 
tain sections. The weather last Sum¬ 
mer seems to have been very favorable 
to the development of this disease. 
One chief advantage of Fall spray¬ 
ing over Spring spraying is the solid 
condition of roads and orchards in the 
former season as compared with the lat¬ 
ter. This is an advantage when hauling 
or carrying about any kind of a spray¬ 
ing outfit, but more particularly so when 
operating a heavy gasoline outfit. Some 
noted authorities advise spraying early 
in Spring before the frozen ground 
thaws out, and while some favorable 
days may be taken advantage of during 
that period I prefer to be delivered 
from spraying when the temperature is 
far below the freezing point. I have 
never been fortunate enough to spray 
without getting more or less of the 
liquid on my person, so while the job 
is disagreeable anytime it is much more 
so during freezing weather. Also it is 
a question whether the liquid adheres 
as well to the trees when it freezes be¬ 
fore drying. Where it is desired to do 
any Winter pruning this should be 
done before spraying if at all practica¬ 
ble. Old trees may be pruned any time 
and young trees thinned out, but not 
cut back until Spring. Where there is 
danger of the peach winter-killing it 
is better to wait until Spring to do any 
pruning, but as there is little or no 
such danger in my orchard I can prune 
the peach any time except the cutting 
back process as mentioned. Old apple 
orchards that need pruning badly should 
by all means be pruned before spraying 
if good results are to be expected. 
Pennsylvania. david plank. / 
THE RURAt NEW'YORKER 
Gripes for Wine-Making. 
J. 0. (Ao Address ).—In a recent article 
regarding grapes and grape culture, it was 
stated that the Concord was not the grape 
for wine. I intend to plant grapes for 
wine-making, and am anxious to know 
which grape would be best, white, red or 
blue. 
Ans. —It seems to be characteristic of 
the different wine producing centers that 
certain varieties are preferred by one 
and others by another, and it is also 
equally true that many wine manufac¬ 
turers use the variety that is commonly 
grown in the district, although it may 
not make the best wine. In growing 
or setting grapes for any particular dis¬ 
trict the prospective grower should con¬ 
sult the wine-makers of that district 
for varieties to be preferred. He must 
also take into consideration the adapta¬ 
bility of the varieties to his particular 
locality and soil. Some of our best 
wine varieties under favorable location 
and soil conditions become very inferior 
when introduced into new localities and 
upon different soils. The first step to 
be taken should be to learn what varie¬ 
ties are in demand, the second to study 
varietal requirements as to local climatic 
and soil conditions, and third a testing 
out on a small scale. It is very un¬ 
profitable to plant a variety that will 
not ripen thoroughly in at least three 
out of four seasons. 
In New York Catawba has long oc¬ 
cupied the important position as the 
leading wine grape, and where it will 
ripen thoroughly and its productiveness 
is maintained it will still retain its place. 
The Delaware is another much used 
and is still much in demand, but it re¬ 
quires considerable coddling to make 
it profitable. Clinton, Bacchus, Clar- 
rence, Elvira and Vergennes are grown 
considerably in various parts of New 
York and New Jersey for wine. The 
first three named are more adaptable to 
localities and soil than the last named. 
Cynthiana has been grown successfully 
in certain parts of New York but it re¬ 
quires more general testing out before 
it can be recommended f. e. gladwin. 
Artichokes for Seed. 
R. IF. n., GuilfordMe .—Will you tell me 
whether artichokes which I am saving for 
seed should be left in the ground undug 
until next Spring or dug this Fall? How 
should they be kept if dug this Fall? 
Ans. —The globe artichoke is gen¬ 
erally entirely hardy in sections south 
of the Mason and Dixon line; north of 
that they should receive Winter protec¬ 
tion. In the vicinity of New York a 
mulch of six to eight inches of forest 
leaves or coarse manure is placed be¬ 
tween the plants soon as the ground is 
frozen hard enough to bear a man’s 
weight. In the latitude of Maine, when 
the temperature averages very low and 
soil freezes deeply, it might be judicious 
to remove the young plants to a cold 
frame where sash can be used in ad¬ 
dition to the mulching. 
Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus 
tuberosus), is a member of the sun¬ 
flower family, and in general appearance 
this plant very much resembles a small 
sunflower. The tubers are the edible 
part of the plant. In general appear¬ 
ance they somewhat resemble the potato, 
but in flavor are inferior to the potato 
when cooked. The culture and care are 
in every respect similar to the potato. 
It is very productive and entirely free 
from disease, generally hardy, and will 
stand the Winter on light porous soils, 
wherever parsnips will winter. On 
heavy wet soils in our nothern latitude 
they usually winter-kill. k. 
WINTER PROTECTION OF FRUIT TREES. 
The season is now approaching when 
mice and rabbits will be very destructive 
to young fruit trees unless some means of 
protection are employed. Everyone having 
young fruit trees should provide protection 
of some kind before these rodents begin 
their work. When the young orchard has 
been properly tended during the growing 
season, and has been given clean cultiva¬ 
tion, with perhaps a late seeding of some 
cover crop, and there is no dense growth 
of grass or rubbish about the trees there 
is little danger of injury by mice. These 
rodents usually get their best work in or¬ 
chards where there is plenty of such pro¬ 
tection offered them, and at the same time 
abundant material for nest building and 
the making of their Winter home. But 
rabbits may offer trouble in almost any lo¬ 
cality and under any conditions, although 
they, too, can be more greatly feared 
where the orchard has been more or less 
neglected. The surest protection is the 
use of individual tree protectors of one 
form or another. These protectors may be 
purchased already made or be prepared on 
the farm. Wrapping trees with screen 
wire is about as good a method as can be 
employed. They can also be wrapped with 
heavy paper or rags or with cornstalks 
firmly bound around the trunk of the 
trees with twine. Then there are paints 
and washes which are good for the purpose. 
These are all fairly effective when rabbits 
are scarce and there is plenty of other 
food for them, but cannot be absolutely de¬ 
pended upon when there are many rabbits 
and a small supply of food. However, as 
there are perhaps some who wish to use 
a wash and do not know how to make it, I 
will give the formula: To one gallon of 
sweet milk add two pounds of flowers of 
sulphur, two pounds of yellow ochre, one 
gill of turpentine, one dram of tincture of 
asafetida, one dram of gum arabic and four 
eggs. This mixture must be dissolved, and 
after standing 24 hours applied to the 
trees with a brush. This solution is not 
only a great benefit in protecting the trees 
from mice and rabbits, but also from in¬ 
sects as well. Thick whitewash about the 
consistency of cream, to which a sufficient 
quantity of blue vitriol has been added to 
give it a pale-blue color, is another wash 
which is effectual, and is applied with a 
brush. Other washes composed of soft- 
soap and carbolic acid, pine tar and paint, 
are sometimes used, being applied two or 
three times during the Winter. One gallon 
of soft soap or one pound of soap, one gal¬ 
lon of water and two ounces of crude car¬ 
bolic acid form a wash that will be found 
to give satisfaction. 
In protecting the young trees from mice 
and rabbits we must also protect them 
from the cold by banking them up with 
earth. This extra covering is the same to 
the young tree as an extra comfort thrown 
over* our bed on a zero night in Winter, 
it gives a chance to straighten the trees 
np into their place if the Summer storms 
have leaned them the wrong way, holds 
them stiff and rigid to their place against 
many a Winter blow, protects the roots 
against a hard sudden freeze, gives good 
surface drainage and keeps the frost from 
lifting them. Many a fruit-grower has 
been almost heartsick to find the roots of 
more than half of his fruit trees exposed 
after a Winter of thaws and freezes, and 
it is no small job to get them back into 
their places; although they may live they 
very seldom recover their full vigor. This 
banking-up process seems to be a very 
simple thing, but it is a harder task to 
do it properly than many would suppose. 
It does not require a great broad mound, 
but just a few shovelfuls placed right 
against the trees about six or eight inches 
high. In digging the earth a hole should 
not be made close to the tres, as the hole 
standing full of water would be an injury 
instead of a benefit, and would make an 
awkward place to get the team around 
next Spring when cultivating the orchard. 
I find that banking up with a shovel, if it 
is done right, is lots better than turning a 
furrow to the trees. william iiakdy. 
Johnson County, Ill. 
Hotbeds 
and Cold-frames 
Double-Glass 
Double Profits 
The old single layer hot-bed sash are better than 
none, but they must be covered; and boards, mats or 
shutters are pure waste. 
The new Sunlight Double Glass Sash with two 
layers of glass enclosing an air space, are 
Complete in Themselves 
They eliminate covers and half the labor; they admit 
all the light to store warmth in the bed and then save 
the warmth at night. They make plants strong and 
early. They double net profits. Every practical gar¬ 
dener or florist will see the 
value of this. 
It is good business for you 
to get our free catalog. 
Write your address plainly 
and send it today. The hot¬ 
bed season is not far off. 
Prof. Massey’s booklet on 
Hot-beds sent for 4c. 
Sunlight Double Glass Sash Co. 
924 East Broadway, Louisville, Ky. 
The double layer of glass does it. 
“BLACK’S QUALITY” 
FRUIT TREES 
NONE BETTER 
None Give Better Returns when They Fruit 
Buy Direct From the Nursery 
and save agent’s discounts and middleman’s 
profits. When you buy our trees you get a 
Dollar 7 s Worth of Trees 
for every one hundred cents you remit to us. 
PEACH and APPLE TREES 
a specialty. CATALOGUE FREE 
JOS. H. BLACK, SON <& CO. 
HIGHTSTOWN. N. J. 
STAYMAN’S WINESAP S 
IMPERIAL only. Choice one year trees at less than 
wholesale prices. TUNNEL HILL LARM, Kifer, Md. 
First-Class FRUIT TREES 
FOR FALL PLANTING. Propagated from 
trees of known merit. True to name. No scale. 
SAMUEL FRASER, Box C, Geneseo, N. Y. 
Peach and Apple Trees 
For fall or spring planting. Prices right; stock 
right. MYER & SON, liridgeville, Delaware 
You Can Pay More But You Cannot Buy Better Than 
KEY BRAND SCALE KILLER 
(SOLUBLE OIL) 
Easily Applied—Simply Mix With Water and Spray 
Barrels (50 gal.).. .$15.00 ^*bbl. (80 gaL).., .$9.90 
10-gal. cau and case. 3.50 5-gal. can ami ease.. 2.00 
F. o. b. New York 
INTERSTATE CHEMICAL CO. 
12 BAYVIEW AVE. JERSEY CITY, N. J. 
Write for “Practical Spraying 11 —Best book on spraying. 
BUYING A * 
POWER SPRAYER 
Fis like buying'a piano— you must be sure you 
are getting the right machine because, tf it is 
the right sprayer, it will last a lifetime. The 
DEYO POWER SPRAYER 
is a thoroughly practical machine that has stood the 
hardest working test of a dozen years. It runs per¬ 
fectly on any ground, in any temperature. Has 
DEYO engine, direct connected pump, perfect agita¬ 
tion, and clear’, thoroughly seasoned Cypress tank. 
Write us, or our nearest factory selling agent, for 
illustrated booklet telling all about Deyo Power 
Sprayers and Deyo Engines. 
DEYO-MACEY ENGINE CO. 
22 Washington St., BINGHAMTON, N. T. 
J. S. Woodhonse, 189-195 Water St., New York 
Richardson Mfg, <’o., Worcester, Mass. 
Kendall Sc Mliitney, Portland, Maine 
AV We Make 
Sprayers 
Tor Every h o dy 
Buckot, Barrel, 4-Row Potato Sprayers, 
Power Orchard Rigs, etc. 
There’s a field sprayer for every need, pro¬ 
nounced by all experts the world’s best line. 
THIS EMPIRE KING 
leads everything of its kind. Throws 
fine mist spray with strong force, no 
clogging, strainers are brushed and 
kept clean and liquid is thoroughly 
agitated automatically. 
Corrosion Is impossible. Write for di¬ 
rections and formula. Also catalog on 
entiresprayerline. Wehavethe sprayer 
to meet your exact wants. Address 
FIELD FORCE PUMP CO., 
2 11th St., Elmira, N. Y. 
aSSw£cl 
There will NEVER be enough num¬ 
ber one apples—ALWAYS too many 
cider apples. Don't waste your time 
and your trees growing inferior grades. 
Use "Scaiedde” the one sure spray for 
San Jose scale, and produce number 
one fruit. “Scalecide” is 100^ efficient 
against scale and has marker! fungi¬ 
cidal properties. Used by best orchard- 
ists the world over. Endorsed by Ex¬ 
periment Stations. Our SERVICE 
DEPARTMENT furnishes everything 
for,the orchard. Write today to Dept, 
for new booklet—“Pratt’s Hand¬ 
book for Fruit Growers” and “Scale- 
cide the Tree Saver.” Both free. 
B. G. PRATT COMPANY 
50 Church Street New York City 
Fruit Trees 
that thrive and pay 
In our extensive nurseries all the con¬ 
ditions of soil, climate ami expert 
cure combine to produce hardy, disease- 
free fruit trees and plants that thrive 
and bear profitable crops. 
Our Catalog explains how we protect 
you against nursery carelessness and 
subsequent loss—how we give such care 
to every detail of budding, grading and 
packing that the highest grade stix'k is 
assured. Wo have a 30 5 ears’ record for 
quality trees and honest dealing. Scores 
of the largest, most successful growers 
(names on request) buy our trees year 
after year. Ask us to send you our free 
Catalog. It’s unusually complete, practical and filled 
with helpful information for fruit growers. 
BARNES BROS. NURSERY CO., Box 8, Yalesvilie. Conn. 
M( . . If you want a cheap, simple, abso- 
NU MUKh lutely sure way to keep Every 
RABBITS Rabbit and Every Borer out of 
your orchard, paint your trees 
vith “Sulfocide” the new concentrated sulphur 
compound. Simple to prepare. Cheaply and easily 
applied. One application will last for six months. 
Absolutely certain. “Sulfocide” will solve the 
rabbit problem. Write Today for book¬ 
let, “ Sulfocide— Sure Protection 
from Rabbits and Borers.” Address B. 
G. Pratt Co., 50 Church St-, N.Y.City, 
NO MORE 
BORERS 
6-Horsepower Sawing 
° utfit $195 
You Can Earn SI J a Day With This Rig 
Coal is ■care* aud high. SAW WOOD an.) sell it while the 
demand la good and price high. If you have no wood, saw wood 
for other people, and make $10.00 a day. Saw tables, $14.50. 
24in. circular saws $4.50. 26in. $5.25. C H. P. gasoline eiighiOg 
$126.00. CatologueIt, free* Palmer Bros., Cos Cob, Conn ( 
APPLE BARRELS—Gar Lots or Less 
EOBT. Cl I. LIES S-: MEDINA, N. V. 
rYADIC BEST BY TEST — 96 YEARS 
\| AWr Plant Your Acre 
Qj f f\LLv Write for Our Free Book 
Full instructions for planting: and caring for trees 
and shrubs—the boiled-down experience of four 
generations of orchard and nursery men. To 
plant an orchard is the duty of every man. 
Department, in charge 
OpcCitxl oervice of trained men, will 
help you start your orchard right; suggest best 
varieties for your locality; advise as to pruning, 
spraying, cultivating, etc. This service is free. 
STARK BROS. Nurseries & Orchards Co„ 
LOUISIANA. MO. Established 1816 
