Vol.-LXXI. No. 4179 
NEW. YORK, NOVEMBER 30, 1912 
WEEKLY. $1.00 PER YEAR 
THE ORCHARD’S DAIRY PARTNERS. 
COW'S ON A FRUIT FARM.—Many of the farm¬ 
ers throughout western New’ York are organizing 
their farms with the most up-to-date appliances. This 
is a fruit-growing section, but many of the farmers, 
in addition to their orchards, keep a herd of cattle in 
order to provide a supply of manure, and to give 
continuous labor throughout the year. It is doubt¬ 
ful if in any section of the country farming is con¬ 
ducted on more up-to-date lines, or generally with 
greater profit. Our pictures this week were taken on 
the farm of Mr. William Stagner, who lives near 
Lockport. The barn provides comfort and con¬ 
venience for the stock, and those who care for them. 
with a double switch, so that it can be run around to 
the back of the other set of stanchions, and also 
around to the horse barn and where the young stock 
is kept. At Fig. 501 we see the arrangement for taking 
the manure out into the barn along a carrier beam 
when necessary. At times it is impossible to get out 
into the fields with a manure spreader, and at such 
times this carrier beam makes it possible to carry the 
manure far enough away from the barn in order to 
give sanitary conditions. Mr. Stagner intends to build 
build a concrete, pit into which the manure will be 
♦ 
dumped, so there will be no waste from seepage. 
We see from the picture how this carrier beam is 
braced and held in place so as to make it solid and 
how to drink. After 10 days, feeding calf meal is be¬ 
gun—five tablespoonfuls twice a day with about three 
quarts of fresh milk. This calf meal is stirred into 
cold water to make a thick gruel, and then two quarts 
of boiling water are added, after which it is cooled 
with cold water to the temperature of fresh milk. 
This makes about three quarts for the five table- 
spoonfuls of meal, and three quarts of milk are added. 
The amount of calf meal is gradually increased as 
the calf grows, so that when three weeks old the 
milk is stopped entirely, and about one-half pound of 
meal at each feeding twice a day. This is continued 
for two months, and then the calf is taken off the 
calf meal and fed carrots. There is also given twice a 
COW PARTNERS ON A WESTERN NEW YORK FRUIT FARM. Fig. 496. 
It is 40 by 35 feet on the outside, built upon a solid 
concrete wall. The interior is well fitted up, but our 
pictures showing this interior were too dim to make 
good engraving. Concrete is used wherever possible. 
The cows face each other in two rows, with a feeding 
alley 11 feet wide between them, with concrete feed¬ 
ing troughs. Iron watering troughs are used between 
each two cows, and they are filled with a hose from 
the engine room. From the stanchions to the wall 
back of the drop is a distance of 11 feet, and from 
wall to the drop six feet two inches. There is a slope 
in the drop so that the liquids may be run out 
through a tile into a tank just outside the door. This 
tank is six by six feet, and four feet deep, with four- 
inch concrete walls. The manure is taken out by a 
carrier, the track running two feet out from the wall, 
firm, with cable braces connected with the upper part 
of the barn. Where the carrier runs out of the barn, 
an iron brace or hinge is arranged to hold it firmly in 
place. 
The bull shown at Fig. 498 is at the head of this 
herd, and there is a group of cattle shown at Fig 496. 
Thirty-five cows and heifers are kept, and at the 
time of making these notes, there were 10 head of 
registered Holsteins, with more eligible to registry. 
Air. Sta gner is working into purebred Holsteins as fast 
as is possible, and as whole milk is sold it became 
necessary to obtain some substitute for raising the 
heifer calves. This has been found in calf meal, 
and the plan of raising a calf is reported as follows: 
The calf is left to the cow for five days; then she 
is taken away and fresh milk used to teach the calf 
day three pints of the following mixture: 100 pounds 
bran, 100 pounds middlings. 100 pounds oil meal, 100 
pounds cornmeal, 100 pounds gluten feed, 200 pounds 
ground oats, all mixed together. In addition the 
calves have as much clover hay and silage as they 
will eat. Under this system good calves are raised 
with very little milk, and the plan seems well adapted 
to dairymen who wish to sell the entire milk. 
FINDING MONEY IN WASTES. 
The city of Vancouver, B. C., has large sawmills , 
and lumber factories. The sawdust has become a 
nuisance, as in ordinary trade there was no sale 
for it. Some of the sawdust was pressed into* 
briquettes with pitch or tar and sold as fuel, but 
such use could not be very extended. Now it is 
