121i l 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
November 30. 
r 
M I X_- K. 
In effect Nov. 11, different exchange 
prices were made for N. Y. City Board ot 
Health, grades B and C : B (selected raw 
and pasteurized), $2.01 per 40-quart can; 
C (for cooking and manufacturing), $1.91. 
to shippers in 26-eent zone. 
The zones are fixed by the Interstate 
Commerce Commission as follows : 23 cents 
for the first 40 miles from New York; 26 
cents for the next 60 miles; 29 cents for 
the next 90 miles; beyond this, 32 cents. 
The railroads allow a discount for car lots 
of 10,000 quarts of 10 and I2y 2 per cent. 
NEW MILK LAW. 
The New York Milk Committee, it was 
announced November 13 by its secretary, 
I'aul E. Taylor, is preparing a bill looking 
toward the adequate control of the milk 
supply. An effort will be made to have the 
bill passed by the next Legislature. The 
Milk Committee seeks to bring about a 
better division of labor between local and 
State officials. The following opinions are 
outlined : 
First—That there should be a division 
of labor drawn between me State Depart¬ 
ment of Health, State Department of Agri¬ 
culture and City Department of Health. 
Second.—That the State Department of 
Health should undertake the medical in¬ 
spections and licensing of dairy employees 
and of persons employed in creameries and 
milk shipping stations, and that it should 
also have control of the water supply and 
the distribution of waste. 
Third.—That the State Department of 
Agriculture should control, through its 
veterinarian, the health of all dairy cattle 
and of the sanitary conditions of the 
buildings in which these cattle are housed, 
and of the methods of milk production and 
milk handling. 
Fourth.—That the City Department of 
Health should conform itself to the labor¬ 
atory tests of milk as it is received in the 
city, and that for sanitary control these 
tests should be bacteriological. That so 
far as the inspections of the City Depart¬ 
ment of Health are concerned, only those 
necessary for making sanitary inspections 
of the distributing stations, stores and 
wagons in the city should be employed. 
The Milk Committee has already made 
known to the Board of Estimate its dis¬ 
approval of the use of city funds for 
country milk inspection. Its views were 
submitted to the budget committee of the 
Board of Estimate in October when Com¬ 
missioner Lederle in his budget estimate 
for 1913 asked for an increase of about 
$100,000 to extend the present system of 
country milk inspection. The Milk Com¬ 
mittee contends that local health officials 
should employ their funds in testing 
through the laboratory the milk as it is 
received in the city, leaving the respon¬ 
sibility for its proper production to the 
dealers and the State authorities. 
In speaking of the probable cost to the 
State of such a system of municipal and 
State control over the milk supply as ad¬ 
vocated by the committee, its secretary, 
Mr. Taylor, said : 
“The question of cost has been considered 
and we are convinced that the proposed 
scheme will not necessitate an excessive 
tax upon the State funds. In every dairy 
section there are local veterinarians who 
would be not only willing, but consider it 
a distinction to act as the representative 
of the State Department of Agriculture in 
carrying out its part of the proposed plan. 
Likewise, the State Department of Health 
could easily find a representative among 
the local physicians.” 
THE ERIE COUNTY MILK ASSOCIATION. 
PAItT II. 
“We soon outgrew the old market house. 
We purchased the present dot at the corner 
of State and Twenty-first streets, and upon 
this spot we erected the building of which 
the present plant is part. The erection 
of the building required an expenditure 
of between $26,000 and $27,000 and the 
installation of machinery brought the figure 
up to $40,000, and with the money al¬ 
ready tied up in equipment, horses and 
wagons, would run the figures up to 
$50,000. We have since added to our plant 
and are making plans for further im¬ 
provements. We have not paid our stock¬ 
holders dividends in cash, but their interest 
in the valuable real estate which we now 
hold is a very handsome figure, and as 
evidence of the prosperity of the co-opera¬ 
tive movement our stock is now worth far 
above par, and none to be secured at the 
figure. We have added to our plant, and 
established distributing stations as our 
business developed. Our business has been 
so healthy, and so successful from the 
point of view of the man outside, that a 
movement is now being started to organize 
a competitive association. Instead of its 
possibly proving harmful to the people of 
Erie, I predict, if it is properly conducted, 
it will improve the quality of milk and 
other dairy products, and the service which 
has heretofore been rendered by independ¬ 
ent dealers will be bettered. 
“We have done well in the dozen years 
of our organization. Last year was our 
first year conducting a creamery. This is 
located eight miles south of North East, 
and is an establishment of which we are 
justly proud. We have three acres of 
ground there, a house and barn and a 
tliree-story creamery building of fireproof 
tile. We equipped the creamery with all 
labor-saving devices, and in addition sunk 
two wells which flow continually and are 
delivering 1%-inch streams of water at 
the temperature of 48 degrees. We have 
a large cement tank into which these wells 
discharge their contents, and in the tanks 
we are able to cool our cream during the 
hottest Summer weather without resorting 
to ice. We established this creamery in 
the interior rather than on the railroad 
or trolley line, so as to relieve us of any 
possibility of competitive buyers during a 
shortage, coming in and cutting off our 
milk supply. During the Summer we 
handled nearly as much milk as we did 
at our city plant. Twenty to 25,000 pounds 
of milk daily were cared for there, and 
the cream was brought to this city by our 
auto livery without its rising more than 
one degree in temperature. 
“How much do you pay your patrons?” 
“During the past three years we have 
paid 3% cents the quart during the Sum¬ 
mer months and four cents during the 
Winter. Each day we deliver upward of 
12.000 bottles. We charge seven cents 
per quart, and in quantities of from four 
to 10 quarts we allow a six-cent per bottle 
rate, and above 10 quarts, a five-cent per 
quart rate bottled, and milk in cans is 
sold at only 4% cents a quart. We have 
discovered this is a bad schedule, as no 
money can be made on milk at any less 
than six cents a quart when bottled. In 
order to obtain stockholder’s privileges, 
many of the shares now owned by retired 
farmers or those who have reduced their 
dairies, are rented to producers'. Each 
share allows the holder to supply 16 2-3 
quarts of milk for the season. These 
shares are readily rented to non-members 
at prices ranging from $12 to $15 the 
share per year. We depend on stockhold¬ 
ers and those who rent shares as our 
source of supply. However, in exigencies, 
we secure milk from all parts of the coun¬ 
ty, and to-day a maa came in from an 
adjoining county and arranged to sell us 
his milk at a figure which was gratifying 
to him, and which would help us meet the 
excess demand which we have not been able 
to supply during the last two weeks. 
“The association has done much to keep 
our dairymen in line with; modern improve¬ 
ments in the business. He Has learned to 
keep only the cow that pays her way. The 
producer knows just how high his milk 
tests, and since tne new system of distribu¬ 
tion has broadened his margin of profit, 
he has more money to invest in sanitary 
barns and equipment, and in better grade 
of stock. To handle the business of the 
association and the manufacture and dis¬ 
tribution of its products, we employ from 
60 to 70 men, the smaller number in the 
Winter, and the larger in the Summer. 
There are about 20 persons employed in 
our plant, including our office force, and 
this year we will do three times the first 
year’s business of the association, which 
was $100,000. We operate two motor 
trucks of large capacity. These are pay¬ 
ing their way. We send these to tributary 
localities, and use them in our city work. 
They can make a round trip of 20 miles 
each way in a third the time a team and 
wagon can negotiate it in one direction, 
and their capacity is much greater than 
the milk wagon to be seen in rural districts. 
We find this means of transportation eco¬ 
nomical and efficient. 
“At our factory near North East we 
pay our patrons the highest market quota¬ 
tions on either cheese or butter. We pay 
both ways. We have no surplus product 
at the end of each day’s business. In the 
old days of each man for himself there 
would be times when he would have a 
quantity of milk at hand which would be 
almost a total loss, and some days he 
would run short, leaving a trail of dis¬ 
satisfaction over that part of the route 
which he was unable to cover properly. 
Now, the milk we have left over we make 
into cheese, casein, or we skim the milk 
and make butter and use the skim-milk for 
smearkase, so there is not a drop wasted. 
“We supply all classes of trade, nearly 
a fifth of our milk goes to restaurants and 
boarding houses, the remainder to private 
consumers. Our ice cream trade is heavy 
during the Summer, and people are asking 
for our ice product at the stands and par¬ 
lors in the city and surrounding country. 
We insist that our farmers supply a quality 
product, and our reputation and future 
business depend on that quality. We in¬ 
spect every can of milk, and pasteurize all 
that is received by heating to 140 degrees 
for 20 minutes. We aim to conform to 
every city ordinance and every demand of 
the State Board of Health, and are in ad¬ 
vance of public demands in the production 
of wholesome and sanitary dairy products. 
This pays our association and our patrons. 
Why shouldn’t it, when we pay members 
from $15,000 to $25,000 monthly for their 
milk and twice the figure to non-members? 
“The association is the solution of many 
of the farmers’ problems. Cooperation in' 
the past score of years saved Denmark 
from becoming a bankrupt nation of peas¬ 
ants, and it is now the leading dairy coun¬ 
try of the world. Her dairy products are 
in demand in every city in Europe, because 
her people have worked along lines similar 
to our association. I would say to the 
farmers, if there is need of an association, 
organize it. There is a oemand both among 
farmers and consumers in every city and 
surrounding territory for an organization 
on lines similar to ours. We may not have 
had the business experience in the start 
that some of our office trained city brethren 
enjoyed, but we made our plan go, and 
farmers elsewhere can do the same. I 
would say, don’t go too heavily in debt, 
try to pay your way as you go, learn your 
source of supply, study your transporta¬ 
tion problems, familiarize yourselves with 
the demands of your town or city, and 
when you have facts and figures at hand, 
go ahead.” 
The writer was shown through the plant 
by Mr. Willis, and to call it well equipped 
is hardly doing justice to the plant. It 
occupies the larger part of a block, and 
changes are now being made with the view 
to handling the products of the associa¬ 
tion more economically and carefully than 
heretofore. The building is of brick, ce¬ 
ment floors, and is built with the view 
to being as near fireproof as a building of 
this kind can be made. Power used in 
various operations throughout the plant is 
supplied by electricity, which is developed 
in the generating plant. This plant con¬ 
sists of a battery of two 110 horse-power 
gas engines. Steam power is also used, 
and the large artificial refrigerating plant 
which was installed during the Summer is 
now in operation. It reduces the tempera¬ 
ture in the storage rooms, and in addition 
produces the supply of ice used in handling 
the products of the association. Mr. Willis 
declared the production of ice was inex¬ 
pensive, as it was a by-product which could 
be secured during the process of refrigera¬ 
tion. w. j. 
Runs Great Railway—Chooses 
SHARPLES TUBULAR 
CREAM SEPARATOR 
Do you know any keen dairymen, 
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Only piece Inside dairy 
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